180,323 research outputs found
Sculpting for Utopia PhD Thesis (R Crowther Library Oct 2023)
No full textWith the passing of the New Towns Act in 1946, Harlow New Town in Essex was born and became a showcase for the Labour government’s utopian vision for the reconstruction of Britain after the Second World War. Influenced by the ideals of Robert Owen, William Morris and Ebenezer Howard, beautification and artistic paternalism were at the heart of this vision and, in the three decades that followed, around forty outdoor, predominately modern, figurative sculptures were acquired and sited permanently around the town.
The thesis connects the sculptures with their political, aesthetic and physical contexts, and offers a response to art historian John Tagg’s exhortation to ask, not ‘What does an art object express?’ but, ‘What does it do?’ (Tagg, 1992, p. 43). Consequently, the answers obtained in this study demonstrate: i) the significance of context for the local patronage, acquisition and siting of Harlow’s sculptures; ii) the extent to which Harlow’s cultural policies and sculptural acquisitions satisfy the post-war Labour government’s utopian ideals; iii) the impact of the policies and discourses associated with the sculptures acquired before 1980 on Harlow’s more recent commissions and public art strategies; and iv) Harlow’s progress from the ‘democratisation of culture’ towards ‘cultural democracy’.
Section One, Creating Utopia, situates the sculptures in the political context of the post-war Labour government’s welfarist policies and its paternalistic commitment to state support for the arts. The section demonstrates how these centralised principles were applied locally to the design, planning and development of Harlow New Town. Section Two, Sculpture for Utopia, analyses the sculptures in the contexts of their physical environment and locations in the Town Centre or neighbourhoods and shows how, by reflecting political principles, patronage and a commitment to ‘the democratisation of culture’, Harlow Art Trust brought a diverse range of outdoor sculptures to the town. The final section, From ‘Pram Town’ to ‘Sculpture Town’, addresses two related issues: firstly, the heritage of Moore’s Family Group and the sculpture’s historical narrative of social democracy and humanism; secondly, the ways in which Harlow Art Trust has evolved the post-war sculptural legacy while maintaining its aspiration to bring ‘fine art’ to the ‘everyday spaces’ of Harlow’s local residents.
By applying this contextual approach to a tightly defined location displaying a large number of sculptures from a particular historical period, this thesis provides an original contribution to our knowledge of the study of post-war outdoor urban sculpture that is relevant and transferable to studies of outdoor urban sculpture beyond the boundaries of Harlow New Town. By providing clear answers to the question, ‘What do the sculptures do?’, this study identifies the origins, legacy, heritage and evolution of the Harlow sculptures and, most significantly, shows that the New Town sculptures merit more than a footnote to studies of modern outdoor sculpture
Emily Crowther [picture] /
No full textPart of the collection: Papers of Harold S. Williams.; "Emily Crowther"--Verso.; Inscriptions: Jno. R. Browning, Art Photographer, Bedford Circus, Exerter.; Also available in electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms6681-1-3x
Crowther, F W (Comdr R N), [No Service Number]
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/379845Surname: CROWTHER
Given Name(s) or Initials: F W (COMDR R N)
Military Service Number or Last Known Location: No Service Number
Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 11204193657
Item: [2016.0049.12138] "Crowther, F W (Comdr R N), [No Service Number]
Anti-D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation
No full textBACKGROUND During pregnancy, a Rhesus negative (Rh-negative) woman may develop antibodies when her fetus is Rhesus positive (Rh-positive). These antibodies may harm Rh-positive babies. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin on the incidence of Rhesus D alloimmunisation when given to Rh-negative women without anti-D antibodies. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 September 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials in Rh-negative women without anti-D antibodies given anti-D after 28 weeks of pregnancy, compared with no treatment, placebo or a different regimen of anti-D. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS Two trials with moderate to high risk of bias, involving over 4500 women, compared anti-D prophylaxis with no anti-D during pregnancy. When women received anti-D at 28 and 34 weeks' gestation, risks of immunisation were not significantly different than for women not given antenatal anti-D: risk ratio (RR) of immunisation during pregnancy was 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15 to 1.17); after the birth of a Rh-positive infant the RR was 0.42 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.17); and within 12 months after birth of a Rh-positive infant the RR was 0.39 (95% CI 0.10 to 1.62). However, women receiving anti-D during pregnancy were significantly less likely to register a positive Kleihauer test (which detects fetal cells in maternal blood) in pregnancy (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.88) and at the birth of a Rh-positive infant (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.79). No data were available for the risk of Rhesus D alloimmunisation in a subsequent pregnancy. No significant differences were seen for neonatal jaundice, and no adverse effects were reported in either trial. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The risk of Rhesus D alloimmunisation during or immediately after a first pregnancy is about 1%. Administration of 100 µg (500 IU) anti-D to women in their first pregnancy can reduce this risk to about 0.2% without, to date, any adverse effects. Although unlikely to confer benefit in the current pregnancy, fewer women may have Rhesus D antibodies in any subsequent pregnancy, but the effects of this needs to be tested in studies of robust design.Caroline A Crowther, Philippa Middleton, Rosemary D McBai
Dun's orderly book
No full textThis book contains a facsimile of the orderly book of John Dun (a lieutenant in the Newfoundland Regiment), as well transcriptions of each page. John Dun recorded the general and regimental orders in his book, giving the reader insight into the daily lives of soldiers in 18th century St. John's.Transcription by Kirk Wells and Joan Ritcey. -- Introduction by David R. Facey-Crowther. -- Facsimile of original with transcription on facing pages
Realistic ionizing fluxes for young stellar populations from 0.05 to 2 ZÔ
No full textWe present a new grid of ionizing fluxes for O and Wolf–Rayet (W–R) stars for use with evolutionary synthesis codes and single-star H ii region analyses. A total of 230 expanding, non-LTE, line-blanketed model atmospheres have been calculated for five metallicities (0.05, 0.2, 0.4, 1 and 2 Z⊙) using the wm-basic code of Pauldrach, Hoffmann & Lennon for O stars and the cmfgen code of Hillier & Miller for W–R stars. The stellar wind parameters are scaled with metallicity for both O and W–R stars. We compare the ionizing fluxes of the new models with the CoStar models of Schaerer & de Koter and the pure helium W–R models of Schmutz, Leitherer & Gruenwald. We find significant differences, particularly above 54 eV, where the emergent flux is determined by the wind density as a function of metallicity. The new models have lower ionizing fluxes in the He i continuum with important implications for nebular line ratios. We incorporate the new models into the evolutionary synthesis code starburst99 and compare the ionizing outputs for an instantaneous burst and continuous star formation with the work of Schaerer & Vacca (SV98), and Leitherer et al. The changes in the output ionizing fluxes as a function of age are dramatic. We find that, in contrast to previous studies, nebular He ii λ4686 will be at, or just below, the detection limit in low metallicity starbursts during the W–R phase. The new models have lower fluxes in the He i continuum for Z≥ 0.4 Z⊙ and ages ≤7 Myr because of the increased line blanketing. We test the accuracy of the new model atmosphere grid by constructing photoionization models for simple H ii regions, and assessing the impact of the new ionizing fluxes on important nebular diagnostic line ratios. For the case of an H ii region where the ionizing flux is given by the WM-basic dwarf O star grid, we show that He iλ5786/Hβ decreases between 1 and 2 Z⊙ in a similar manner to observations. We find that this decline is caused by the increased effect of line blanketing above solar metallicity. We therefore suggest that a lowering of the upper mass limit at high abundances is not required to explain the diminishing strength of He iλ5786/Hβ , as has been suggested in the past. For an H ii region where the ionizing flux is provided by an instantaneous burst of total mass 106 M⊙ , we plot the softness parameter η' against the abundance indicator R23 for ages of 1–5 Myr. The new models are coincident with the observational data of Bresolin et al., particularly during the W–R phase, unlike the previous models of SV98 which generally over-predict the hardness of the ionizing radiation
Global vulnerability to near-Earth object impact
No full textA clear appreciation of the consequences resulting from an asteroid impact is required in order to understand the near Earth object (NEO) hazard. Three main processes require modelling to analyse the entire impact event. These are the atmospheric entry phase, land impact events and ocean impact events. A range of impact generated effects (IGEs) are produced by different impact scenarios. It is these IGEs that present the threat to human populations world wide, and the infrastructure they utilise. A software system for analysing the NEO threat has been developed, entitled NEOimpactor, to examine the social and economic consequences from land and ocean impacts. Existing mathematical models for the three principal impact processes have been integrated into one complete system, which has the capability to model the various effects of a terrestrial asteroid impact and, critically, predict the consequences for the global population and infrastructure. Analysis of multiple impact simulations provides a robust method for the provision of an integrated, global vulnerability assessment of the NEO hazard. The primary graphical outputs from NEOimpactor are in the form of ‘relative consequence’ maps, and these have been designed to be comprehensible to a non-specialist audience. By the use of a series of multiple-impact simulations, the system has identified the five countries most at risk from the impact hazard, as well as indicating the various factors influencing vulnerability
sj-pdf-1-ltj-10.1177_02655322231165984 – Supplemental material for Speaking performances, stakeholder perceptions, and test scores: Extrapolating from the Duolingo English test to the university
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ltj-10.1177_02655322231165984 for Speaking performances, stakeholder perceptions, and test scores: Extrapolating from the Duolingo English test to the university by Daniel R. Isbell, Dustin Crowther and Hitoshi Nishizawa in Language Testing</p
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