2,148 research outputs found
Ptilopachinae: a new subfamily of the Odontophoridae (Aves: Galliformes)
No full textBowie, Rauri C.K., Cohen, Callan, Crowe, Timothy M. (2013): Ptilopachinae: a new subfamily of the Odontophoridae (Aves: Galliformes). Zootaxa 3670 (1): 97-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.1.1
Taxonomy, phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of African grassland Francolins (Genus: Scleroptila)
No full textBibliography: leaves 23-28.The potential for using a combination of molecular and whole-organismal data has opened up new avenues for avian taxonomy, phylogenetics and biogeography. Such a multifaceted approach is used here to identify diagnosable taxa within the Orange River Francolin Scleroptila levaillanloides species complex and resolve evolutionary relationships between these taxa and other mono-and polytypic forms within the Red-winged Group of francolins (= genus Scleroplila sensli lalo). Mitochondrial cytochrome-b DNA sequence data (±250 b.p.) from 50 individuals and 19 morphological characters extracted from reports in published literature were employed to achieve these aims. These characters were analysed separately and also in combination using maximum parsimony (DNA sequences and organismal data), maximum likelihood (DNA sequences) and distance (DNA sequences) analyses. Monophyly of the Red-winged Group plus the Ring-necked Francolin Dendroperdix slreptophorus was supported by all the analyses (bootstrap support ranged from 50%-94%) except distance analysis. The Orange River Francolin complex was found to be non-monophyletic. Two distinct clades were identified, one comprising taxa from southwestern and the other from northeastern Africa. Morphological analysis yielded a distinct clade of the southwestern Orange River Francolin. The other polytypic species and assemblages thereof show poor resolution. The results of this study clearly demonstrate a need for further assessment of the taxonomic status of Scleroptila spp. and their phylogenetic relationships
Population genetics, behavioural ecology and management of the Greywing Francolin Francolinus africanus
No full textBibliography: p. 237-249.This study investigates the population genetics and behavioural ecology of the Greywing Francolin, Francolinus africanus, and identifies factors which influence the distribution and abundance of this important gamebird. It also develops scientifically sound management strategies which should allow the maintenance of populations at levels which will produce sustained and economically viable hunting yields as a co-product of agriculture. Examination of genetic variability based on allozymes disclosed estimates of average within-population heterozygosity higher than that for most birds, and for all other galliformes for which data are available. Thus, Greywing apparently have a high degree of population stability and large effective population sizes. Indirect estimates of migration and several significant allelefrequency differences between nearby coveys suggest that there is a greater degree of genetic subdivision among Greywing populations than among populations of other birds. However, although the data suggest that populations are genetically differentiated on a large geographical scale, they also indicate that there is considerable dispersal, which produces outbred subpopulations on a fine geographical scale. Greywing therefore have a wealth of genetic variability that may 'buffer' populations against environmental changes, responsible hunting and/or short-term demographic bottlenecks. They also appear to undergo sufficient migration so that recruitment from adjacent populations will ensure population stability in hunted areas
Figure 3 in Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters
No full textFigure 3. Strict consensus representation of 1700 MPTs recovered by parsimony analysis of the complete data-set for Galliformes (Appendix 2). Taxa of Anseriformes used as outgroups are in bold.Published as part of Dyke, Gareth J., Gulas, Bonnie E. & Crowe, Timothy M., 2003, Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters, pp. 227-244 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2) on page 232, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00048.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543742
The suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters
No full textOf the basal clades of extant birds (Neornithes) the ‘landfowl’ or galliforms (Aves, Galliformes) are the most speciose. Cladistic analysis of more than 100 morphological characters coded at the generic level for most putative galliform genera confirms that the megapodes (‘mound builders’; Megapodiidae) are the most basal clade within the order. They are followed successively by the curassows, guans and chachalacas (Cracidae), which comprise the sister-group to all other extant Galliformes (i.e. Phasianoidea). Within this large ‘phasianoid’ clade, analyses suggest that the guineafowl (Numididae) are the most basal taxon, although monophyly of this ‘family’ is not strictly supported on the basis of the morphological characters employed. An additional major clade within the phasianoid Galliformes is recovered by this analysis, comprising the traditional groupings of New World quails (Odontophoridae) and Old World quails (‘Perdicini’), yet only monophyly of the former is supported unambiguously by morphological characters. Relationships within the remainder of the phasianoid taxa, including the grouse (Tetraonidae), turkeys (i.e. Meleagris/Agriocharus spp.) as well as other ‘pavonine’ galliforms (i.e. peafowl; Pavo, Afropavo, Rheinardia, Argusianus and Polyplectron spp.) remain largely unresolved on the basis of morphological characters, yet monophyly of the major subdivisions is supported here. Although there are a number of important differences, especially with regard to relationships within the nonquail phasianoids, the results of this morphological phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis are broadly congruent both with traditional classifications and existing molecular hypotheses of galliform phylogenetic relationship
Figure 5 in Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters
No full textFigure 5. One of the characters supporting the monophyly of the phasianoid Galliformes – processus craniolateralis angled at 45∞ with respect to carina sternum (character 51): A, sternum of Aburria pipile (Cracidae) in left lateral view; B, sternum of Lagopus lagopus (Tetraonidae) in left lateral view. Abbreviation: pc, processus craniolateralis (figure not to scale).Published as part of Dyke, Gareth J., Gulas, Bonnie E. & Crowe, Timothy M., 2003, Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters, pp. 227-244 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2) on page 234, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00048.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543742
Taxonomy, phylogeny and eco-biogeography of southern African white-eyes (Zosterops spp.) Aves: order Passeriformes, Family: Zosteropidae
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-216).The aim of this study was to incorporate all lines of evidence to establish the true taxonomy and phylogeny of southern African Zosterops. Character data sets used include plumage and morphometric measures, vocal characters and molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear) DNA sequences. A broad scale phylogeographic analysis was also performed to establish the evolutionary process driving the diversity observed among these birds
Selected Contributions of Sister Mary Berenice Beck, O.S.F. to Nursing in the United States, 1923-1956
No full textby Sister M. Timothy Costello.Typescript.Thesis (M.S.N.)--Catholic University of America.Bibliography: leaves 44-47.Also available in microfilm
Figure 6 in Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters
No full textFigure 6. Character supporting the monophyly of quails – secondary fossa pneumaticum on proximal end of humerus well developed (character 56). Caudal views of humeri: A, Crax globulosa; B, Numida meleagris; C, Meleagris gallopavo; D, Phasianus colchicus; E, Colinus virginianus. Not to scale – this figure reproduced from Holman (1964: Plate 2) with permission of the Florida Academy of Sciences. Abbreviations: pn, fossa pneumaticum; spn, second well-developed fossa pneumaticum.Published as part of Dyke, Gareth J., Gulas, Bonnie E. & Crowe, Timothy M., 2003, Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters, pp. 227-244 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2) on page 234, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00048.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543742
- …
