2,196 research outputs found
Seminal contributions of Timothy J. Crow
No full text© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge
University Press. This is an Open Access article,
distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution licence (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which
permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and
reproduction, provided the original article is
properly cited.We recall the life and work of Timothy J. Crow, whose contributions provided great insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and continue to shape many questions in the field. We compile his key works relating to psychotic disorders, focusing on the trajectory of his theoretical stance. Our account is interlaced with our own interpretation of the evidence that influenced Crow's arguments over the years as well as his scientific method. Crow has had a significant impact on the neuroscience of schizophrenia. Many of his observations are still valid and several questions he raised remain unanswered to date.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/seminal-contributions-of-timothy-j-crow/25B0EA70F496D0D3351937E44ADDD45
Schizophrenia as failure of left hemisphere dominance for the phonological component of language
No full textBackground: T. J. Crow suggested that the genetic variance associated with the evolution in Homo sapiens of hemispheric dominance for language carries with it the hazard of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Individuals lacking the typical left hemisphere advantage for language, in particular for phonological components, would be at increased risk of the typical symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and delusions. Methodology/Principal Findings: Twelve schizophrenic patients treated with low levels of neuroleptics and twelve matched healthy controls participated in an event-related potential experiment. Subjects matched word-pairs in three tasks: rhyming/phonological, semantic judgment and word recognition. Slow evoked potentials were recorded from 26 scalp electrodes, and a laterality index was computed for anterior and posterior regions during the inter stimulus interval. During phonological processing individuals with schizophrenia failed to achieve the left hemispheric dominance consistently observed in healthy controls. The effect involved anterior (fronto-temporal) brain regions and was specific for the Phonological task; group differences were small or absent when subjects processed the same stimuli material in a Semantic task or during Word Recognition, i.e. during tasks that typically activate more widespread areas in both hemispheres. Conclusions/Significance: We show for the first time how the deficit of lateralization in the schizophrenic brain is specific for the phonological component of language. This loss of hemispheric dominance would explain typical symptoms, e. g. when an individual's own thoughts are perceived as an external intruding voice. The change can be interpreted as a consequence of "hemispheric indecision", a failure to segregate phonological engrams in one hemisphere
Evaluating Research Impact through Open Access to Scholarly Communication
No full textScientific research is a competitive business – in order to secure funding, promotion and tenure researchers must demonstrate their work has impact in their field. To maximise impact researchers undertake high priority research, aim to get results first, and publish in the highest impact journals. The Internet now presents a new opportunity to the scholarly author seeking higher impact: s/he can now make their work instantly accessible on the Web through author self-archiving. This growing body of open access literature (coupled with new publishing models that make journals available for-free to the reader) maximises research impact by maximising the number of people who can read it, and making it available sooner. Open access also provides a new opportunity for bibliometric research. This thesis describes the relatively recent phenomenon of open access to research literature, tools that were built to collect and analyse that literature, and the results of analyses of the effect of open access and its effect on author behaviour. It shows that articles self-archived by authors receive between 50-250% more citations, that rapid pre-printing on the Web has dramatically reduced the peak citation rate from over a year to virtually instant and how citation-impact – now widely used for evaluation – can be expanded to include a new web metric of download impact
Tools for evolutionary acquisition : a study of Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration (MATE) applied to the Space Based Radar (SBR)
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Statement of responsibility on t.p. reads: 2nd Lieutenant Timothy J. Spaulding, USAF.Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-142).by Timothy J. Spaulding.S.M
From genetics and cerebral asymmetry, through motor dysfunction intrinsic to psychosis, to early intervention: Elaborating the seminal contributions of Timothy J. Crow
No full textAcross six decades, few investigators and theoreticians have been so enduringly impactful across so many conceptual domains of schizophrenia and psychotic illness as Tim Crow. Following his recent death, Palaniyappan and Liddle (2025) present in their article ‘Seminal contributions of Timothy J. Crow’ a timely and insightful account of his life and work in terms of five conceptual domains with which he was associated. Palaniyappan and Liddle rightly note that his most intellectually profound work on genetics, cerebral asymmetry, language, and speciation was unfinished in his lifetime and that recent observations appear to diminish some of the premises of his arguments in this particular domain. Yet, other recent observations resonate with and elaborate important aspects of Crow’s arguments: polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are associated with neuroimaging indices of brain asymmetries in regions important for language and executive functions (Sha, Schijven, & Francks, 2021); additionally, a set of those genes associated with risk for schizophrenia by GWAS is associated with a variant index of loss of asymmetry in frontal brain regions in this disorder (Sukno et al., 2024). Furthermore, two additional conceptual domains now constitute ‘received wisdom’ in which Crow’s pioneering insights have been substantially overlooked.</p
Corrigendum to “High-pressure adsorptive storage of hydrogen in MIL-101 (Cr) and AX-21 for mobile applications: Cryocharging and cryokinetics” [Mater & Des 89 (2016) 1086–1094]
No full textRefers To Nuno Bimbo, Wesley Xu, Jessica E. Sharpe, Valeska P. Ting, Timothy J. Mays High-pressure adsorptive storage of hydrogen in MIL-101 (Cr) and AX-21 for mobile applications: Cryocharging and cryokinetics Materials & Design, Volume 89, 5 January 2016, Pages 1086-1094 The authors regret to inform that….. The Supplementary Information should have been included in the original paper and is now provided with this corrigendum. All the data and figures, contained in the manuscript and supporting information, are available and can be accessed free of charge at http://dx.doi.org/10.15125/BATH-00099. Any questions related to the data should be addressed to the corresponding author. Authors would like to apologize for the inconvenience caused
A simulation-based concurrent engineering approach for assembly system design
No full textThesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2002.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82).by Timothy J. Sweitzer.S.M.M.B.A
Exploiting Domain Knowledge in Making Delegation Decisions
No full text@inproceedings{conf/admi/EmeleNSP11, added-at = {2011-12-19T00:00:00.000+0100}, author = {Emele, Chukwuemeka David and Norman, Timothy J. and Sensoy, Murat and Parsons, Simon}, biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/20a08b683088443f1fd36d6ef28bf6615/dblp}, booktitle = {ADMI}, crossref = {conf/admi/2011}, editor = {Cao, Longbing and Bazzan, Ana L. C. and Symeonidis, Andreas L. and Gorodetsky, Vladimir and Weiss, Gerhard and Yu, Philip S.}, ee = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27609-5_9}, interhash = {1d7e7f8554e8bdb3d43c32e02aeabcec}, intrahash = {0a08b683088443f1fd36d6ef28bf6615}, isbn = {978-3-642-27608-8}, keywords = {dblp}, pages = {117-131}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, timestamp = {2011-12-19T00:00:00.000+0100}, title = {Exploiting Domain Knowledge in Making Delegation Decisions.}, url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/admi/admi2011.html#EmeleNSP11}, volume = 7103, year = 2011
Phylogenetic analysis of retroposon family as exemplified on human chromosome 13: further evidence for recent proliferation
No full textThe retroposon SINE-R.C2 was first identified as a human-specific insertion in the complement C2 gene. In our previous study, SINE-R type retroposons, derived from the endogenous retrovirus HERV-K family, have been found to be hominoid specific. In this report on human chromosome 13, we identified eighteen new SINE-R retroposons resembling those we have previously reported on the sex chromosomes and on chromosomes 7 and 17. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method revealed that four SINE-R retroposons (13-16, 21, 23, 25) on chromosome 13 were closely related to the human-specific retroposon SINE-R.C2, with a high degree of sequence homology (95-97%). Such elements differ from the HERV-K10 LTR sequence from which they are derived in being deleted for the promoter region. Therefore while the evidence adds to the case that some classes of SINE-R element have continued to proliferate in hominid and hominoid evolution and may, as in the case of Fukuyama type muscular dystrophy, be a cause of insertional mutagenesis, they are less likely than the HERV-K10 LTR to have a positive effect on host gene activity.open
Community Engaged Cumulative Risk Assessment of Exposure to Inorganic Well Water Contaminants, Crow Reservation, Montana
No full textAn estimated 11 million people in the US have home wells with unsafe levels of hazardous metals and nitrate. The national scope of the health risk from consuming this water has not been assessed as home wells are largely unregulated and data on well water treatment and consumption are lacking. Here, we assessed health risks from consumption of contaminated well water on the Crow Reservation by conducting a community-engaged, cumulative risk assessment. Well water testing, surveys and interviews were used to collect data on contaminant concentrations, water treatment methods, well water consumption, and well and septic system protection and maintenance practices. Additive Hazard Index calculations show that the water in more than 39% of wells is unsafe due to uranium, manganese, nitrate, zinc and/or arsenic. Most families’ financial resources are limited, and 95% of participants do not employ water treatment technologies. Despite widespread high total dissolved solids, poor taste and odor, 80% of families consume their well water. Lack of environmental health literacy about well water safety, pre-existing health conditions and limited environmental enforcement also contribute to vulnerability. Ensuring access to safe drinking water and providing accompanying education are urgent public health priorities for Crow and other rural US families with low environmental health literacy and limited financial resources
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