1,721,394 research outputs found
breaking the boundaries between analogue and digital
No full textSubject Editor Paolo Crovetti spotlight on future information processin
Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility
No full textDue to the continuous progress in semiconductor technology and the rapidly evolving application scenarios, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is constantly raising new challenges and is a very dynamic field of research. In this context, this collection of papers, originally published in the “Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility” Special Issue of Electronics for which I served as a Guest Editor, offers a vivid picture of the EMC research challenges and directions over the last
years in this complex and multifaceted field. Focusing on EMC in communication systems, the paper “Interference of Spread-Spectrum EMI and Digital Data Links under Narrowband Resonant Coupling” by Crovetti and Musolino highlights
how traditional methods like spread-spectrum clock modulation, developed with reference to AM and FM radio receivers, are no longer well suited to digital communications. In the very crucial field of EMC in power electronics, the paper “Signal Transformations for Analysis of Supraharmonic EMI Caused by Switched-Mode Power Supplies” by Sandrolini and Mariscotti explores advanced signal processing techniques (Wavelet Packet Transform and the Empirical Mode Decomposition) in the analysis of electromagnetic emissions of power converters, while in “Modeling and Optimization of Impedance Balancing Technique for Common Mode Noise Attenuation in DC-DC Boost Converters,” by Shuaitao Zhang et al. more conventional balancing techniques are optimized to attenuate common-mode emissions.
For new application scenarios, EMC challenges in emerging electric vehicles are addressed in “Electromagnetic Susceptibility of Battery Management Systems’ ICs for Electric Vehicles: Experimental Study,” by Aiello. Moreover, IC-level EMC issues in operational amplifiers are addressed in “EMI Susceptibility of the Output Pin in CMOS Amplifiers” by Richelli, Colalongo,and Kovacs-Vajna, and the susceptibility of Hall Effect sensors is studied in “Hall-Effect Curren
Sensors Susceptibility to EMI: Experimental Study” by Aiello. New contributions in the area of cross-talk reduction and signal/power integrity are presented in “A Novel Meander Split Power/Ground Plane Reducing Crosstalk of Traces Crossing Over” by Jung-Han Lee and in “A Dual-Perforation Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure for Parallel-Plate Noise Suppression in Thin and Low-Cost Printed Circuit Boards” by Myunghoi Kim.
The active research area on the EMC properties of materials and their application to the suppression of interference is represented in this volume by “Shielding Properties of Cement Composites Filled with Commercial Biochar” by Yasir et al. and by “Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline-Based Composites for Electromagnetic Compatibility of Electronic Devices” by Gareev et al. Last, but not least, new contributions on ferrite cores and their characterization are presented in
“Performance Study of Split Ferrite Cores Designed for EMI Suppression on Cables” by Suarez et al. and in “Simple Setup for Measuring the Response to Differential Mode Noise of Common Mode Chokes” by Gonzalez-Vizuete ́ et al.
Though not exhaustive, the papers collected in this volume can be useful to address practical EMC problems and stimulate future research and should be well received by the EMC communit
Amplificatore differenziale digitale a bassissimo consumo, per grandezze continue, in particolare per applicazioni IoT e/o biosensori
No full textLa presente invenzione riguarda un amplificatore digitale differenziale, a bassissimo consumo, per grandezze continue, in particolare per applicazioni IoT e/o biosensori.
Lo sviluppo di nodi Internet of Things (IoT) energeticamente autonomi e di biosensori di nuova generazione di dimensioni sub-millimetriche alimentati a distanza richiede che i circuiti integrati di interfaccia verso i sensori ultracompatti abbiano caratteristiche e prestazioni particolari. In particolare, è necessario che tali circuiti abbiano prestazioni configurabili in base all’energia a disposizione e siano in grado di funzionare a bassissime tensioni di alimentazione, molto spesso poco controllate ed estremamente variabili, come quelle che si possono ottenere ad esempio da energy harvester ultra-miniaturizzati. La realizzazione di circuiti di interfaccia con queste caratteristiche è particolarmente problematica per quei sensori che forniscono in uscita grandezze continue e/o quando il livello di accuratezza richiesto dall’applicazione è elevato, tanto da limitare fortemente la realizzabilità pratica in numerosi ambiti applicativi.
PLT112_IT
2
Negli ultimi anni, alcuni circuiti di interfaccia verso sensori
ultracompatti in grado di funzionare a basse tensioni di
alimentazione e con un bassissimo consumo di potenza (<10nW) [1-2]
sono stati sviluppati per applicazioni audio e acquisizione di
5 biosegnali (in particolare elettrocardiogramma, ECG). In queste
soluzioni, tuttavia, si fa sempre riferimento ad un sensore
accoppiato all’interfaccia tramite condensatore (cioè in alternata).
L’acquisizione di segnali con una componente continua, che è
richiesta per esempio per acquisire sensori di temperatura e sensori
10 elettrochimici, è maggiormente problematica e, di fatto, il livello
di accuratezza in continua richiesto in queste applicazioni è
ottenuto allo stato dell’arte con tecniche di chopping e di autozeroing,
al costo di un significativo consumo di potenza (>1μW), di
una elevata occupazione di area (mm2) ed anche di una ridotta
15 impedenza d’ingresso.
La Richiedente osserva che limitazioni sopra esposte non rendono
questi approcci adatti ad applicazioni di tipo IoT e/o a biosensori.
Breve descrizione dell’invenzione
20 Scopo della presente invenzione è quindi fornire un amplificatore
differenziale in grado di superare gli inconvenienti sopra
descritti
Characterization of the Susceptibility to EMI of a BMS IC for Electric Vehicles by Direct Power and Bulk Current Injection
No full textIn this letter the susceptibility to Electromagnetic Interference of a Battery Management System for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Polymer battery packs employed in emerging electric and hybrid electric vehicles is addressed. For this purpose,
the susceptibility to EMI of a BMS front-end integrated circuit is experimentally assessed by the direct power injection and by the Bulk Current Injection method. Experimental results are shown and discussed to highlight different EMI-induced failure mechanisms
Finite common-mode rejection in fully differential nonlinear circuits
No full textIn this brief, it is highlighted that fully differential nonlinear circuits, even though perfectly symmetrical, can be significantly sensitive to common-mode (CM)/power-supply (PS) interference and can be affected by even-order distortion. The cross-modulation mechanism between CM and differential input components, which gives rise to such unwanted phenomena, is investigated both analytically and on the basis of computer simulations, and its impact on CM and PS rejection is compared with the effects of device mismatc
Prediction of EMI-Induced Distortion Phenomena in CMOS Opamps by a New Large-Signal Model
No full textInterference of Spread-Spectrum EMI and Digital Data Links under Narrowband Resonant Coupling
No full textIn this paper, the effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupled to a radio-frequency (RF) communication channel by resonant mechanisms are investigated and described in the framework of Shannon information theory in terms of an equivalent channel capacity loss so that to analyze and compare the effects of non-modulated and random Spread Spectrum (SS) modulated EMI. The analysis reveals a higher EMI-induced capacity loss for SS-modulated compared to non modulated EMI under practical values of the quality factor Q, while a modest improvement in the worst case capacity loss is observed only for impractical values of Q. Simulations on a 4-quadrature amplitude modulation (4-QAM) digital link featuring Turbo coding under EMI resonant coupling reveal that SS-modulated EMI gives rise to higher bit error rate (BER) at lower EMI power compared non-modulated EMI in the presence of resonant coupling for practical values of Q, thus suggesting a worse interfering potential of SS-modulated EMI
Distributed Conversion of Common Mode into Differential Mode Interference
No full textIn this paper, the mechanisms that lead to the conversion of common mode RF interference into differential mode disturbances, which corrupt the information content of nominal signals and impair the operation of electronic systems, are investigated. To this purpose, distributed and lumped common mode-into-differential mode conversion mechanisms are discussed with reference to a simple test structure that can be analytically described. On the basis of the proposed analysis, the origin and the relative impact of such mechanisms is highlighted and the detrimental effect of distributed common mode-into differential mode conversion on the effectiveness of differential RF interference suppressing filters is discussed. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental result
Very low thermal drift precision virtual voltage reference
No full textA digital-based, process-supply-and-temperature independent voltage reference suitable to nanoscale CMOS technologies, which exploits the recently proposed ‘virtual reference' concept to achieve a very low thermal drift, is presented. Its performance is assessed on the basis of simulations and experiments carried out on a microcontroller-based, proof-of-concept prototype and is compared with state-of-the-art integrated analogue and digital voltage references. A simulated (measured) thermal drift as low as 1 ppm/°C (5 ppm/°C) in the temperature range −40/+140°C (−10/+100°C) is reported
IC Digital Input Highly Immune to EMI
No full textA digital input designed to be immune to high EMI level without showing false commutations and wrong logic level failures is presented in this paper. The operation of the proposed circuit in the presence of continuous wave EMI has been tested by transistor level, time domain computer simulations and an immunity level in the 10 MHz-1GHz band, which is more than 20dB higher than that of standard digital inputs has been obtained
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