1,721,126 research outputs found
Third wave approaches in cognitive behavior therapy: Relationships between experiential avoidance, dysfunctional beliefs and emotional distress
No full textClusterizzazione classica e sfocata per la determinazione della fingerprint enogastronomica
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The new great psychotherapy debate: Scientific integrated psychotherapy vs. plurality. why cognitive-behavior therapy is the gold standard in psychotherapy and a platform for scientific integrated psychotherapy
No full textIn this metareview, we argue that in the era of the evidence-based health practice, cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is the gold standard in psychotherapy for several reasons: (1) it is the most researched form of psychotherapy; (2) overall, no psychotherapy has proven superior to CBT; on the contrary, if there are differences, typically they favor CBT; and (3) its theories and mechanisms of change are both the most investigated and supported in psychotherapy and the best aligned with mainstream general psychological theories (e.g., learning theories, information processing) and related fields (e.g., neurogenetics). However, there is room for improvement, both in terms of CBT’s efficacy/effectiveness and in terms of its underlying theories/mechanisms of change. It is argued that a movement towards an Integrative and Multimodal CBT (IM-CBT) could consolidate the gold standard status of CBT and perhaps even contribute to its enhancement, based on higher standards of research-suport. Although some colleagues argue that the plurality in psychotherapy could be an option for development (i.e., by encouraging all psychotherapy approaches to follow the CBT model in relationship to the evidence-based movement), we argue for the alternative of having a scientific integrated psychotherapy. IM-CBT could serve as a platform for psychotherapy integration, thus moving the current fragmented field of psychotherapy to a scientific integrated psychotherapy (i.e., Integrative and Multimodal Psychotherapy)
Defending psychiatry or defending the trivial effects of therapeutic interventions? A citation content analysis of an influential paper
No full textAims. Leucht et al. in 2012 described an overview of meta-analyses of the efficacy of medication in psychiatry and general medicine, concluding that psychiatric drugs were not less efficacious than other drugs. Our goal was to explore the dissemination of this highly cited paper, which combined a thought provoking message with a series of caveats.Methods. We conducted a prospectively registered citation content analysis. All papers published before June 1st citing the target paper were independently rated by two investigators. The primary outcome coded dichotomously was whether the citation was used to justify a small or modest effect observed for a given treatment. Secondary outcomes regarded mentioning any caveats when citing the target paper, the point the citation was making (treatment effectiveness in psychiatry closely resembles that in general medicine, others), the type of condition (psychiatric, medical or both), specific disease, treatment category and specific type. We also extracted information about the type of citing paper, financial conflict of interest (COI) declared and any industry support. The primary analysis was descriptive by tabulating the extracted variables, with numbers and percentages where appropriate. Co-authorship networks were constructed to identify possible clusters of citing authors. An exploratory univariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between each of a subset of pre-specified secondary outcomes and the primary outcome.Results. We identified 135 records and retrieved and analysed 120. Sixty-three (53%) quoted Leucht et al.'s paper to justify a small or modest effect observed for a given therapy, and 113 (94%) did not mention any caveats. Seventy-two (60%) used the citation to claim that treatment effectiveness in psychiatry closely resembles that in general medicine; 110 (91%) paper were about psychiatric conditions. Forty-one (34%) papers quoted it without pointing towards any specific treatment category, 28 (23%) were about antidepressants, 18 (15%) about antipsychotics. Forty (33%) of the citing papers included data. COIs were reported in 55 papers (46%). Univariate and multivariate regressions showed an association between a quote justifying small or modest effects and the point that treatment effectiveness in psychiatry closely resembles that in general medicine.Conclusions. Our evaluation revealed an overwhelmingly uncritical reception and seemed to indicate that beyond defending psychiatry as a discipline, the paper by Leucht et al. served to lend support and credibility to a therapeutic myth: trivial effects of mental health interventions, most often drugs, are to be expected and therefore accepted. Protocol registration: https://osf.io/9dqat
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