1,410 research outputs found
Data for Cristea, Kok, Cuijpers.cma
No full textThis is the database accompanying the paper:<br>Cristea, I.A., Kok, R.N., Cuijpers, P. (under review) The effectiveness of cognitive bias modification interventions for substance
addictions: A meta-analysis<b> </b
Dataset and analysis scripts for Cristea et al. (2021)
No full textDataset and analysis scripts for Cristea, I.A., Georgescu, R., Ioannidis, J.P.A.I. (2021) "Effect Sizes Reported in Highly Cited Emotion Research Compared With Larger Studies and Meta-Analyses Addressing the Same Questions"<br
Extracted data and code
No full textDataset and analysis scripts for Cristea, I.A., Georgescu, R., Ioannidis, J.P.A.I. (2021) "Effect Sizes Reported in Highly Cited Emotion Research Compared With Larger Studies and Meta-Analyses Addressing the Same Questions
Data extracted
No full textAll extracted data journal and article-level data for the manuscript Nutu, D., Gentili, C., Naudet, F., Cristea, I.A. (2019) "Open Science Practices in Clinical Psychology Journals: An Audit Study". Journal of Abnormal Psychology
How to prove that your therapy is effective, even when it is not: A guideline.
No full textAims. Suppose you are the developer of a new therapy for a mental health problem or you have several years of experience working with such a therapy, and you would like to prove that it is effective. Randomised trials have become the gold standard to prove that interventions are effective, and they are used by treatment guidelines and policy makers to decide whether or not to adopt, implement or fund a therapy. Methods. You would want to do such a randomised trial to get your therapy disseminated, but in reality your clinical experience already showed you that the therapy works. How could you do a trial in order to optimise the chance of finding a positive effect? Results. Methods that can help include a strong allegiance towards the therapy, anything that increases expectations and hope in participants, making use of the weak spots of randomised trials (risk of bias), small sample sizes and waiting list control groups (but not comparisons with existing interventions). And if all that fails one can always not publish the outcomes and wait for positive trials. Conclusions. Several methods are available to help you show that your therapy is effective, even when it is not
(Review article) Sponsorship bias in the comparative efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for adult depression: meta-analysis
No full textBackground:Sponsorship bias has never been investigated for non-pharmacological treatments like psychotherapy.AimsWe examined industry funding and author financial conflict of interest (COI) in randomised controlled trials directly comparing psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in depression.Method: We conducted a meta-analysis with subgroup comparisons for industry v. non-industry-funded trials, and respectively for trial reports with author financial COI v. those without.Results: In total, 45 studies were included. In most analyses, pharmacotherapy consistently showed significant effectiveness over psychotherapy, g = -0.11 (95% CI -0.21 to -0.02) in industry-funded trials. Differences between industry and non-industry-funded trials were significant, a result only partly confirmed in sensitivity analyses. We identified five instances where authors of the original article had not reported financial COI.ConclusionsIndustry-funded trials for depression appear to subtly favour pharmacotherapy over psychotherapy. Disclosure of all financial ties with the pharmaceutical industry should be encouraged
Top-down and Bottom-up Pathways to Developing Psychological Interventions
No full textThe development of psychological interventions follows 2 possible pathways (Table). The top-down pathway centers on individual founders as “bricoleurs” building on a diversity of sources, including case observations, cultural or religious notions, selected psychological theories, and empirical findings, to formulate assumptions about processes that cause or maintain symptoms. A treatment manual with strategies to address the conjectured processes is further developed. The bottom-up pathway aims to alter the mechanisms presumably subtending symptoms. In this mechanistic1 approach, a potentially modifiable target process is identified from extant theories of etiologic or maintaining factors. Experimental studies are conducted to ascertain whether manipulation of the target leads to symptom change. Studies often initially use analogue samples,1 ie, healthy participants experimentally induced with a transient symptom-like manifestation. Experimental manipulations that effectively impact symptoms or behaviors are then translated into intervention strategies for use on symptomatic individuals. Crucially, independently from the development pathway, psychological treatments require randomized clinical trials of patients to be established as effectiv
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