9 research outputs found
THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION'S IMAGE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM: THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A BELIEF SYSTEM FRAMEWORK
No full textIt is often assumed that the beliefs of political leaders play a significant role in affecting international behavior. This has been a common theme concerning the Carter Administration's foreign policy. Three divergent schools of thought have emerged with regard to the foreign policy beliefs of the Carter Administration: some individuals argue that the Carter Administration never developed a world view, others argue that a world view was operative, and some argue that a world view existed and altered with time. Each orientation has important implications for understanding and evaluating the Carter Administration's foreign policy behavior.This study focuses on two research questions. At the theoretical level, an examination is made of the beliefs of political leaders and their impact on international behavior. At the empirical level, an attempt is made to determine the image of the international system held by the Carter Administration and its relationship to foreign policy behavior.A refined belief system approach is developed entitled an "actor's image of the international system." Although work on belief systems and international systems have proceeded on separate paths, the concept of international system is integrated within a belief system perspective and applied to the highest Carter Administration officials--the President, the NSC Assistant, and the Secretary of State.Two empirical studies were conducted based upon a qualitative and quantitative analysis of public statements and an events data set. It was found that the Carter Administration initially had a liberal internationalist image of a complex global community, that this image changed increasingly over time in accord with political realism to promote global security, and that individual differences in image emerged and occasionally became prevalent. It was also found that the Carter Administration's image of the international system was highly congruent to its major foreign policy behavior.The primary purpose of this research effort is to contribute to an understanding of international behavior by attempting to bridge the theoretical level of analysis gap. This is done by treating beliefs as a causal nexus, integrating it within a decision-making framework, and incorporating the role of personality, external events, and domestic forces.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-06, Section: A, page: 2089.Ph.D. American University 1982.Englis
IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP AND TEAM MEMBERS ’ INDIVIDUALISM- COLLECTIVISM ON TEAM PROCESSES AND OUTCOMES: A LEADER- MEMBER EXCHANGE PERSPECTIVE
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author
Utilization of Industrial Hemp Biomass Waste (I): Stability of Cannabidiol in Pre and Post- Encapsulation States
No full textAfter cannabidiol was extracted from the hemp biomass using supercritical CO2 extraction, the residual could be utilized as a source of other valuable ingredients. The stability of the extracted CBD in pre- and post- encapsulation states were evaluated. Dynamic macerations with ethanol and hexane were compared for CBD extraction. The ethanol extract yielded 0.11% ± 0.10 CBD and 1.83% ± 0.00 cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), while the hexane extraction yielded 0.08% ± 0.04 CBD, 1.06% ± 0.04 CBDA, and 0.30% ± 0.04 delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Ethanol extraction was selected due to the low THC detection in the extract. The CBD extract was encapsulated using water soluble yellow mustard mucilage (WSM), maltodextrin (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and protein extracted from the hemp biomass waste (HBP) via freeze drying. The WSM-MD-GA 1:5 particle formulation exhibited superior thermal stability over 72 h, whereas the WSM-HBP-GA 1:5 formulation offered the most protection against UVa-induced degradation within the same duration. Incorporating hemp biomass protein as an encapsulation material enhanced protection against light exposure through UV absorption, although it did not grant thermal protection. These findings indicated that encapsulation significantly protects against CBD degradation when subjected to thermal and light conditions compared to non-encapsulated CBD
Utilization of Industrial Hemp Biomass Waste (I): Stability of Cannabidiol in Pre and Post- Encapsulation States
No full textAfter cannabidiol was extracted from the hemp biomass using supercritical CO2 extraction, the residual could be utilized as a source of other valuable ingredients. The stability of the extracted CBD in pre- and post- encapsulation states were evaluated. Dynamic macerations with ethanol and hexane were compared for CBD extraction. The ethanol extract yielded 0.11% ± 0.10 CBD and 1.83% ± 0.00 cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), while the hexane extraction yielded 0.08% ± 0.04 CBD, 1.06% ± 0.04 CBDA, and 0.30% ± 0.04 delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Ethanol extraction was selected due to the low THC detection in the extract. The CBD extract was encapsulated using water soluble yellow mustard mucilage (WSM), maltodextrin (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and protein extracted from the hemp biomass waste (HBP) via freeze drying. The WSM-MD-GA 1:5 particle formulation exhibited superior thermal stability over 72 h, whereas the WSM-HBP-GA 1:5 formulation offered the most protection against UVa-induced degradation within the same duration. Incorporating hemp biomass protein as an encapsulation material enhanced protection against light exposure through UV absorption, although it did not grant thermal protection. These findings indicated that encapsulation significantly protects against CBD degradation when subjected to thermal and light conditions compared to non-encapsulated CBD
Internet technologies relevant to private investigators’ working practices
No full textMuch has been written and discussed especially in the various US media and in legislative organs, about how the Internet is used illegally (hacking, stalking for instance), but hardly if any research has been done as to how the investigative industry employs the new medium to its benefit. The author described in this thesis how private investigators (PIs) execute their profession these days using the facilities the Internet avail them in contrast to the time before the dawn of the Internet. This contrast is also investigated in an international context, an important part of the thesis, drawn from the author's 32 years of international business experience and that of PIs worldwide. The availability of the various online facilities in different countries are compared. To better understand the new medium, and its facilities a short outline of the Internet’s history, it’s set up in general and for the use of PIs in particular is supplied. PIs also face limitations in their daily work, limitations originating from online, legal, educational, financial and international causes. The new medium not only helps PIs in their investigative, but also in their office work. Finally PIs' wishes for new tools to facilitate their daily investigative work and their outlook as to where the new medium will head are also discussed
Recommended from our members
Antecedents of Advice Taking in Organizations: A Goal-Activation Approach
No full textThis dissertation consists of two largely stand-alone chapters. The first chapter presents a goal-activation theory of the antecedents of advice taking. I propose that three separate categories of goals - decision quality, social standing, and emotional well-being - influence receptivity to advice. Decision quality goals increase striving toward a good outcome in the decision for which the advice was given. Social standing goals focus attention on the social effects of the act of taking or rejecting the advice. Emotional well-being goals are related to establishing or maintaining a desired affective state. Each of these goals can be activated by attributes of the situation, advice, advisee, and advisor. Because they increase striving toward different ends, the goals direct attention to disparate advice-related cues and affect the evaluation of those cues. This results in different responses to advice. At the current time, nearly all research on advice taking has addressed decision quality goals and related cues. By presenting this theory, I hope to increase interest in a wider set of antecedents of advice taking. The second chapter reports a series of studies testing hypotheses derived from the theory presented in the first chapter. Specifically, I contrast the effects of an advisor's relative expertise to effects of the advisor's relative hierarchical position on advice taking. I hypothesize that the effects of expertise are driven by decision quality goals, while the effects of relative hierarchical position relate to social standing goals. I further hypothesize that advisees' conceptions of appropriate leader-follower relations (specifically, follower co-production role orientation; Carsten & Uhl-Bien, 2012) activate social standing goals, but not decision quality goals. Lastly, I propose that outcome accountability increases attention to decision quality goals and reduces attention to social standing goals.Dissertation not available (per author's request)Originally publically available with no embargo; contacted by author 16-Aug-2018 to restrict access due to manuscript blind peer review process - restricted access and removed abstract at author's request, Kimberl
Recommended from our members
From Crude Jokes to Diminutive Terms: Exploring Experiences of Hostile and Benevolent Sexism during Job Search
No full textDespite the growing attention devoted to job search as a dynamic, self-regulatory process, there is comparatively less work elucidating how interpersonal events from the socio-contextual environment can facilitate or impede job seekers’ self-regulation. In light of this, I integrate ambivalent sexism theory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) with self-regulation theory to explore how female job seekers’ weekly experiences of hostile (i.e., overt, derogatory, expressions of female inferiority) and benevolent sexism (i.e., subtle, seemingly positive, expressions of female incompetence) trigger distinct affective reactions (during week t), prompting different behavioral efforts that yield downstream effects on weekly job search success and well-being (during week t + 1). Further, drawing from social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1985), I also consider the moderating role of gender of the perpetrator, exploring how male- versus female-instigated hostile and benevolent sexism yield differential effects on affective reactions to weekly sexism. I tested these ideas through a weekly study of 103 female new labor market entrants (Level 1 n = 654). Findings indicated that while weekly experiences of hostile sexism were marginally related to heightened anger, experiences of benevolent sexism elicited anxiety. Although neither anger nor anxiety were associated with my hypothesized behavioral efforts (focused and haphazard strategizing, respectively), supplemental analyses indicated that anxiety impacted weekly job search effort and intensity, which yielded distinct effects on job search success and well-being. Thus, the current study highlights the self-regulatory processes that unfold week-to-week following female job seekers’ exposure to hostile and benevolent sexism.Release after 08/30/2021Originally available upon ingest; applied embargo through 30-Aug-2021 per author request made 14-Aug-2020, Kimberl
Expression quantitative trait locus fine mapping of the 17q12–21 asthma locus in African American children: a genetic association and gene expression study
No full textBackground: African ancestry is associated with a higher prevalence and greater severity of asthma than European ancestries, yet genetic studies of the most common locus associated with childhood-onset asthma, 17q12–21, in African Americans have been inconclusive. The aim of this study was to leverage both the phenotyping of the Children's Respiratory and Environmental Workgroup (CREW) birth cohort consortium, and the reduced linkage disequilibrium in African Americans, to fine map the 17q12–21 locus. Methods: We first did a genetic association study and meta-analysis using 17q12–21 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for childhood-onset asthma in 1613 European American and 870 African American children from the CREW consortium. Nine tag SNPs were selected based on linkage disequilibrium patterns at 17q12–21 and their association with asthma, considering the effect allele under an additive model (0, 1, or 2 effect alleles). Results were meta-analysed with publicly available summary data from the EVE consortium (on 4303 European American and 3034 African American individuals) for seven of the nine SNPs of interest. Subsequently, we tested for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) among the SNPs associated with childhood-onset asthma and the expression of 17q12–21 genes in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 85 African American CREW children and in upper airway epithelial cells from 246 African American CREW children; and in lower airway epithelial cells from 44 European American and 72 African American adults from a case-control study of asthma genetic risk in Chicago (IL, USA). Findings: 17q12–21 SNPs were broadly associated with asthma in European Americans. Only two SNPs (rs2305480 in gasdermin-B [GSDMB] and rs8076131 in ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 [ORMDL3]) were associated with asthma in African Americans, at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of p<0·0055 (for rs2305480_G, odds ratio [OR] 1·36 [95% CI 1·12–1·65], p=0·0014; and for rs8076131_A, OR 1·37 [1·13–1·67], p=0·0010). In upper airway epithelial cells from African American children, genotype at rs2305480 was the most significant eQTL for GSDMB (eQTL effect size [β] 1·35 [95% CI 1·25–1·46], p<0·0001), and to a lesser extent showed an eQTL effect for post-GPI attachment to proteins phospholipase 3 (β 1·15 [1·08–1·22], p<0·0001). No SNPs were eQTLs for ORMDL3. By contrast, in PBMCs, the five core SNPs were associated only with expression of GSDMB and ORMDL3. Genotype at rs12936231 (in zona pellucida binding protein 2) showed the strongest associations across both genes (for GSDMB, eQTLβ 1·24 [1·15–1·32], p<0·0001; and for ORMDL3 (β 1·19 [1·12–1·24], p<0·0001). The eQTL effects of rs2305480 on GSDMB expression were replicated in lower airway cells from African American adults (β 1·29 [1·15–1·44], p<0·0001). Interpretation: Our study suggests that SNPs regulating GSDMB expression in airway epithelial cells have a major role in childhood-onset asthma, whereas SNPs regulating the expression levels of 17q12–21 genes in resting blood cells are not central to asthma risk. Our genetic and gene expression data in African Americans and European Americans indicated GSDMB to be the leading candidate gene at this important asthma locus.6 month embargo; published: 01 May 2020This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
The changing place of globalism in the American post-Cold War foreign policy debate : a perspective in the neo-Gramscian approach.
No full textWith the end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism the very paradigm of US foreign policy - globalism - has fallen apart, at the level of intellectual utility (analysing the world adequately) and ideological appeal (at the level of policymakers and the public). This thesis attempts to provide an account of the position of globalism in post-Cold War US foreign policy, at the level of actual policy and policy discourse, as understood and conceptualised from a neo-Gramscian perspective. Adopting the neo-Gramscian approach, we elaborate on such central Gramscian concepts as hegemony, organic intellectuals, historic blocs, etc. We also adapt such concepts as `globalism' and `world order' - which are not Gramscian in origin - to our methodology and produce our own understanding and definition of them, in addition to reinterpreting the history of US foreign policy based on our re- conceptualisation. We do examine the various economic and military policies pursued by America in the new era, but we primarily focus on the legitimating strategies adopted by the government to justify these policies, and the social basis of these legitimising strategies. Of particular concern is the wider foreign policy debate in post-Cold War America, and the differing legitimising strategies that constitute this debate as America's foreign policymakers, their attendant intellectuals, and the various power centres in the country adapt to the new world. All these different strands of analysis are pursued in tandem throughout the thesis, with all these strands pulled together by the end of this thesis
