10,619 research outputs found
Metadata Representations for Queryable ML Model Zoos
No full textMachine learning (ML) practitioners and organizations are building model zoos of pre-trained models, containing metadata describing properties of the ML models and datasets that are useful for reporting, auditing, reproducibility, and interpretability purposes. The metatada is currently not standardised; its expressivity is limited; and there is no interoperable way to store and query it. Consequently, model search, reuse, comparison, and composition are hindered. In this paper, we advocate for standardized ML model metadata representation and management, proposing a toolkit supported to help practitioners manage and query that metadata.Web Information SystemsHuman-Centred Artificial Intelligenc
A Manifesto of Nodalism
No full textThis paper proposes the notion of Nodalism as a means describing contemporary culture and of understanding my own creative practice in electronic music composition. It draws on theories and ideas from Kirby, Bauman, Bourriaud, Deleuze, Guatarri, and Gochenour, to demonstrate how networks of ideas or connectionist neural models of cognitive behaviour can be used to contextualize, understand and become a creative tool for the creation of contemporary electronic music
A Survey on FPGA-Based Heterogeneous Clusters Architectures
No full textIn recent years, the most powerful supercomputers have already reached megawatt power consumption levels, an important issue that challenges sustainability and shows the impossibility of maintaining this trend. To this date, the prevalent approach to supercomputing is dominated by CPUs and GPUs. Given their fixed architectures with generic instruction sets, they have been favored with lots of tools and mature workflows which led to mass adoption and further growth. However, reconfigurable hardware such as FPGAs has repeatedly proven that it offers substantial advantages over this supercomputing approach concerning performance and power consumption. In this survey, we review the most relevant works that advanced the field of heterogeneous supercomputing using FPGAs focusing on their architectural characteristics. Each work was divided into three main parts: network, hardware, and software tools. All implementations face challenges that involve all three parts. These dependencies result in compromises that designers must take into account. The advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed and compared in detail. The classification and study of the architectures illustrate the trade-offs of the solutions and help identify open problems and research lines
Optimizing ML Inference Queries Under Constraints
No full textThe proliferation of pre-trained ML models in public Web-based model zoos facilitates the engineering of ML pipelines to address complex inference queries over datasets and streams of unstructured content. Constructing optimal plan for a query is hard, especially when constraints (e.g. accuracy or execution time) must be taken into consideration, and the complexity of the inference query increases. To address this issue, we propose a method for optimizing ML inference queries that selects the most suitable ML models to use, as well as the order in which those models are executed. We formally define the constraint-based ML inference query optimization problem, formulate it as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem, and develop an optimizer that maximizes accuracy given constraints. This optimizer is capable of navigating a large search space to identify optimal query plans on various model zoos.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information SystemsHuman-Centred Artificial Intelligenc
Proteína C Reactiva y Procalcitonina en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca pediátrica
No full textOBJETIVOS: Estudiar el comportamiento de la proteína C reactiva (PCR) y la procalcitonina (PCT) en el postoperatorio de cirugías intestinal y cardiaca en niños, valorando en la cardiaca su posible correlación con la morbi-mortalidad, y analizando el papel de ambos reactantes en la detección precoz de complicaciones graves. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo observacional analítico en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos de los Hospitales Central de Asturias y Gregorio Marañón de Madrid. Se registraron durante las primeras 72 horas los valores de PCR y PCT, dividiendo a los niños en 3 grupos: cirugía cardíaca, cirugía intestinal y grupo control. RESULTADOS: Se recogieron datos de 193 niños (cirugía cardíaca, n=59; cirugía intestinal, n=37; grupo control, n=97) a lo largo de 5 años. En cirugía cardíaca, 15 pacientes desarrollaron complicaciones (infecciosas, n=6; hemodinámicas, n=9). En los 3 grupos se produjo aumento de la PCT y la PCR, con valores máximos a las 24 y 48 horas, respectivamente. El ascenso fue superior tras cirugía intestinal (PCT 3,88 ng/ml; PCR 20,9 mg/dl) en relación a cirugía cardíaca (PCT 1,82 ng/ml; PCR 6,9 mg/dl) y controles (PCT 0,73 ng/ml; PCR 3,5 mg/dl). No hubo diferencias en las cifras de PCT al dividir los niños según la técnica de cirugía cardíaca empleada. Los niños con escala PRISM > 10 presentaron PCT más altas (0,34 ng/ml a las 24 y 3,65 ng/ml a las 48 horas) que aquellos con PRISM ¿ 10 (0,09 ng/ml y 0,98 ng/ml). Para identificar complicaciones, obtuvimos unos puntos de corte óptimos para PCT > 0,17 ng/ml (sensibilidad 73,3%; especificidad 72,2%) a las 0 y PCT > 1,98 ng/ml (sensibilidad 57,1%; especificidad 87%) a las 24 horas, sin diferencias entre complicaciones infecciosas y hemodinámicas. Observamos niveles superiores al ingreso en los niños que fallecieron (n=3; PCT 1,11 ng/ml) en comparación con los supervivientes (n=56; PCT 0,14 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONES: Las cirugías en niños inducen aumento de la PCT y la PCR, mayor en cirugía intestinal en relación a cardíaca. La PCT, a diferencia de la PCR, se correlaciona con la gravedad, puede tener capacidad pronóstica y ser capaz de detectar complicaciones postquirúrgicas en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca. El papel de la PCT para distinguir distintos tipos de complicaciones es controvertido y requerirá la realización de estudios más amplios
Building a generalisable ML pipeline at ING
No full textAdvances in data science have caused an increase in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Machine Learning (ML), throughout various fields. Not only in research but in the industry as well, has ML been receiving increasing amounts of interest. Many companies rely on ML models to increase the efficiency of existing processes or offer new services and products. The industry, however, is facing several additional challenges compared to the academic context. One of those challenges is applying the Development Operations (DevOps) model to an ML application, also referred to as MLOps. This thesis sets out to find the specific challenges that practitioners encounter while operationalising ML models. To do so, we perform a single-case case study on an ML pipeline built by the Trade & Communication Surveillance team at the ING bank. This case study consists of conducting a set of interviews and performing a manual code inspection of the pipeline. The team faces challenges ranging from having insufficient time for operationalising each ML project individually to operating in the highlyregulated fintech context. Their pipeline is able to deploy a single ML model but it does not generalise well to other projects. We present the first version of an application that mitigates these challenges. The application is able to deploy ML models to the development environment at ING and can be operated by data scientists to reduce the effort of operationalising an ML model. Computer Science | Software Technolog
Acantholimon (subsect. Exacantha) Yildirim & M. B. Crespo 2014, subsect. nov.
No full textAcantholimon subsect. Exacantha Yıldırım & M.B.Crespo, subsect. nov. Type: — Acantholimon riyatguelii Yıldırım (holotype). Diagnosis: — Ex sectione Staticopsi, haec subsectio combinatione insolita characterum ab aliis Anatolicis subsectionibus Acantholimonis diversa suffruticibus inermis, laxe caespitosis; foliis subcarnosis, breve mucronatis haud pungentibus, calcareo-punctatis; caudiculis incrassatis, subcarnosis, foliorum vetustiorum vestigiis persistentibus non circinatis in parte superiore vestitis; spicis longis, simplicissimis, nonnunquam folias valde superantibus; spiculis numerosis, distichis, dense dispositis; bractea exteriore quam rachidis internodio duplo longiore; limbo calycis albido. Species unica: A. riyatguelii. Taxonomical notes:—The new subsection is related to other groups of A. sect. Staticopsis, e.g. A. subsect. Androsacea and subsect. Caryophyllacea Bunge (1872: 31), with which it shares some characters. Leaves are homomorphic, with remains of leaf bases of the previous year not circinate; inflorescence is a long, simple spike (neither subcapitate nor congested terminally), usually exceeding leaves; the spikelets are dense, distichously arranged, the outer bract being at least twice longer than rachis internodes; and the calyx limb is white. However, the peculiar combination of characters found in the new subsection (e.g., the fleshy, not pungent and calcareous-punctate leaves, the swollen fleshy branchlets, and the long exerted spikes) makes it to stand apart from all other subsectional taxa in A. sect. Staticopsis. Certainly, simple and elongated spikes also occur in members of A. subsect. Caryophyllacea, though spikelets are more laxly arranged, the outer bract equalling or being at most 1.5 times longer than rachis internodes. Furthermore, members of A. subsect. Androsacea produce 1–2-branched (occassionally simple) usually short spikes, with rather dense spikelets, imbricate or congested apically. Segregation of the new subsection from members of A. subsect. Robusta Doğan & Akaydın in Doğan et al. (2007: 87) and subsect. Circinata Doğan & Akaydın in Doğan et al. (2007: 88) is based on the occurrence of circinate base remains of leaves of the previous year, which are absent in taxa of A. subsect. Exacantha, among other characters. Similarly, the monotypic A. subsect. Dianthifolia Doğan & Akaydın in Doğan et al. (2007: 88) includes plants easy to recognize because their linear-lanceolate flat leaves, the scapes usually lacking scales, the inner bracts of the spikelets retuse-mucronate, and the calyx with excurrent ribs. Nonetheless, the peculiar morphological characters of A. riyatguelii put it apart from the rest of members of sect. Staticopsis, and in the future it could be placed in its own section. Ongoing preliminar molecular work (Crespo et al. in prep.) supports separation of A. riyatguelii, and will help to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of this outstanding new taxon.. Conservation status:—The occupancy area (AOO) of A. riyatguelii was calculated as 0.683 km 2 in which about 750−850 individuals were estimated to occur. Overgrazing by sheep and goat herds and development of new farming areas were observed to be producing negative effects on the surroundings of the known populations, which are seriously threatened as well as other similar habitats in Central Anatolia (Böcük et al. 2009). These strong anthropic pressures on this new gypsophyte are responsible for rapid habitat destruction, and they could cause a dramatic decrease of the number of reproductive individuals in the near future. Therefore, in accordance with the criteria of the IUCN (2012), A. riyatguelii is here assessed as “Critically Endangered” (CR) B2ab(i,ii,iii), on account of its restricted distribution in Turkey with an inferred severe decline of the extent of occurrence, the occupancy area and quality of the habitat. In consequence, this new Irano-Turanian element stands among other Turkish threatened endemic taxa of Acantholimon (cfr. Doğan et al. 2011). Urgent legal measures should be implemented to ensure conservation of A. riyatguelii, which should be included in the red list of Turkish vascular plants. Similarly, the habitat in which it grows should also be protected, since gypseous outcrops of Central Anatolia host a remarkable phytodiversity with a high number of narrow endemics (cfr. Yıldırımlı 2012) in need of conservation.Published as part of Yildirim, Hasan & Crespo, Manuel B., 2014, Acantholimon riyatguelii (Plumbaginaceae), a threatened new unarmed species from Central Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 73-84 in Phytotaxa 175 (2) on pages 81-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.175.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/514371
'Project smells' - Experiences in Analysing the Software Quality of ML Projects with mllint
No full textMachine Learning (ML) projects incur novel challenges in their development and productionisation over traditional software applications, though established principles and best practices in ensuring the project's software quality still apply. While using static analysis to catch code smells has been shown to improve software quality attributes, it is only a small piece of the software quality puzzle, especially in the case of ML projects given their additional challenges and lower degree of Software Engineering (SE) experience in the data scientists that develop them. We introduce the novel concept of project smells which consider deficits in project management as a more holistic perspective on software quality in ML projects. An open-source static analysis tool mllint was also implemented to help detect and mitigate these. Our research evaluates this novel concept of project smells in the industrial context of ING, a global bank and large software- and data-intensive organisation. We also investigate the perceived importance of these project smells for proof-of-concept versus production-ready ML projects, as well as the perceived obstructions and benefits to using static analysis tools such as mllint. Our findings indicate a need for context-aware static analysis tools, that fit the needs of the project at its current stage of development, while requiring minimal configuration effort from the user. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Software EngineeringSoftware Technolog
Audiomobiles, Sculptures and Conundrums
No full textRoberto Gerhard was a pioneer of electronic music in England creating a number of substantial concert, theatre and radio works from as early as 1954. Gerhard’s electronic music is one of the richest repositories for understanding the development of the composer’s late compositional technique. Apart from the Symphony no.3, ‘Collages’, none of Gerhard’s electronic music is published. This paper will discuss aspects of Gerhard’s electronic music, focusing on Audiomobiles (1958-59) and Sculptures (1963)
Design for Portability of Reconfigurable Virtual Instrumentation
No full textA portable architectural design strategy is described for the implementation of reconfigurable virtual instrumentation based on programmable Systems-on-Chip integrating microprocessors and FPGA in the same physical device. The key role is played by a general purpose communication block as a means to efficiently separate the activities carried out in the microprocessor and in the FPGA. Both parts interact according to simple logic protocols by reading and writing data on the common memory resources of the communication block. The architecture of the proposed communication system can be easily implemented in practically any modern programmable System-on-Chip. With the proposed strategy, the porting of embedded software programs and associated FPGA designs among different device families and vendors is facilitated. A structured methodology is proposed for handling complex real-time systems based on these programmable Systems-on-Chip. We described a concrete communication block that has been successfully implemented and utilized for a quick implementation of a data acquisition system based on a Xilinx Zynq-7030 FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC) and a custom FMC module with an 8-bit 500 MSPS ADC
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