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    Pietro Verri’s Contribution to the Economic Theory of the 18th Century: Commercial Society, Civil Society and Governance of the Economy

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    'Count Pietro Verri (1728-97) - Schumpeter writes (History, p. 178) - - would have to be included in any list of the greatest economists'. Within the Milanese school, he certainly stands out, alongside with Cesare Beccaria, during one of the most interesting periods from a history of analysis point of view. Luigi Cossa's famous introduction to the study of political economy rates Pietro Verri to be inferior to Beccaria in ingenuity and scientific cultivation, but greatly to be ahead of him as an economist.1 This judgement by Cossa, in particular, seems to echo the relative position of the two men in the history of ideas, particularly after Beccaria's rise to fame with a book - On crimes and punishments - which had in fact been largely inspired by Verri himself and defended by him.2 It is proposed in the present paper to revisit some of the basic tenets of Pietro Verri's political economy, with more in view than dwell on specific intuitions and theorems: namely relate those to Verri's own - quite original - conception of the economy. The scholarly work of Pietro Verri - with a special reference to his Meditazioni sulla economia politica of 1771 - provides the first systematic contribution stemming from the quarters of Lombard enlightenment in the field of political economy, especially so if one considers that Cesare Beccaria's parallel work - namely his Elementi di economia pubblica, conceived and drafted at the same time as Verri's Meditazioni - would only be published posthumously several years later. From the vantage point afforded by Verri's political economy, we gain a considerably attractive view of the most significant elements and characteristic concepts of Lombard enlightenment during the latter half of the 18th century; Verri, moreover, as we shall see, builds on a number of them in a new and original way. This paper is aimed at discussing Verri's political economy mainly along two distinct, but related, lines. In the first place the conception of commercial society is considered such as it is treated by the author particularly in his Meditazioni. In this perspective the analysis of such issues as competition and the market or money and taxation occupy a central place. Secondly it will be necessary to emphasise that Verri's approach has little to do either with forms of pure economics on one side - largely yet to be born throughout the 18th century - or, on the other side, with such conceptions of the polis - contrariwise well alive among his own contemporaries - as are founded on a sovereign authority conceived to be situated above the law. What Verri's political economy ultimately amounts to is an economic conception of civil society. The latter has natural strong connections with his own fact-mindedness - emphasised by Schumpeter - as well as with his deep practical involvement in administrative affairs and in the reforming process taking place during the latter half of the 18th century in Milan. In our view, a thorough investigation along the mentioned lines is the precondition for an understanding of the intellectual stature and of the scholarly contribution of Pietro Verri. His main ground is distinctly analytical and only by appreciating his analysis is it possible to shed light on the meaning and intellectual significance also of his practical contributions. Moreover Verri's pronouncements on the criticism of despotic government, the relevance of intermediate powers or bodies and on multiple levels of governance will be examined in a new and original light, showing how close they are to the gist of his analysis.

    Design del mobile metallico tra le due guerre. Il caso della ditta Crespi : per un museo d'impresa

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    LAUREA MAGISTRALEAll’inizio del 2014 il FAI ha acquisito una nuova proprietà nel panorama Milanese. Si tratta di Casa Crespi, residenza di una famiglia borghese degli anni Trenta, la cui attività era di produzione di mobili metallici, registrata come “Ditta Pietro Crespi”, dal nome del suo fondatore. Nella tesi è stata raccolta la ricerca relativa a quest’impresa cessata da più di 30 anni, oltre alla documentazione di altre aziende affini alla Crespi per tipologia e periodo storico. Da questo studio è nata l’ipotesi di una musealizzazione della casa, con l’intento di mostrare l’architettura e l’ambiente della dimora come una “casa-museo”, oltre all’esposizione in un livello dedicato dei prodotti tubolari delle sei aziende considerate

    2nd BIM A+ International Conference in Building Information Modelling

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    José Granja, Pietro Crespi, Tomo Cerovšek, Claudio Mirarchi Editors 2nd BIM A+ International Conference in Building Information Modelling 6 and 7 October 202

    Response of Connections between Concrete Corbels and Safety Barriers

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    Post-installed anchor systems are widely used in several applications both for retrofit and new constructions due to their flexibility and easiness of installation. For these reasons, their use is very common to connect safety barriers to concrete corbels. However, the design requirements for fastening (Eurocode 2-Part 4, ACI 318 or for post-installed rebar (Eurocode 2-Part 1 can be hardly satisfied due to the geometric restrictions of the application. Additional complications arise for the refurbishment of bridge corbels, which usually requires the removal of the damaged top concrete layer. This paper presents a new anchoring system that consists of the use of additional post-installed U-shaped rebars connecting the lower existing portion of the corbel to the upper (rebuilt) layer, able to carry the required design loads. The proposed solution considers three anchors that transfer the external loads to the corbel, to the existing reinforcements, and to the U-shaped rebars. The system is tested experimentally and validated by using both theoretical (strut and tie modeling) and numerical analyses

    1. Preface 2. Chapter 1: Paradigms and Scenarios 3. Chapter 2: Design Strategies as Paradigms

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    Book 1 Design strategies and interdisciplinary dialogue Preface 1 The Assembled Enclosure, Graem Brooker, Royal College of Art Preface 2 A new Interior Design Syntax, Ico Migliore, Politecnico di Milano Foreword Luciano Crespi Chapter 1 Designing interiors: a guide for contemporary interiors landscape design Luciano Crespi Politecnico di Milano, Italy Chapter 2 Design strategies as Paradigms Luciano Crespi, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Chapter 3 SoftAssertions: A progressive paradigm for urban cultural heritage, interior urbanism and interior design Peter Di Sabatino, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Chapter 4 New Domestic Rituals: note on Design Anthropology Pietro Meloni, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy Chapter 5 A critical rhetorics for urban innovation: Art staging the Civic Mario Caeiro, Portugal Chapter 6 Art and Space. New boundaries of intervention Giulia Crespi, Italy Chapter 7 Between the Planned and the Lived City: New Road, Brighton drawn Susan Robertson, University of Brighton, England Chapter 8 Urban Interior Design: strategies for public living spaces Barbara Di Prete, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Chapter 9 Urban farming Pierluigi Nicolin. Politecnico di Milano, Italy Chapter 10 Design and restoration, a holistic approach Anna Anzani, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Book 2 Retail Design, Light Design, Interior Design, Exhibition Design, Sustainable Design and Tools Chapter 1 Practice of Consumption and Spaces for Goods Francesca Murialdo, University of Middlesex, England Chapter 2 Retail design: brand experiences through merging art, design and science Beatriz Itzel Cruz Megchun, American University of Sharja, United Arab Emirates Chapter 3 Workplace Design Revolution: Inside-Out Urbanism Zhonghua Gou, Griffith University, Australia Chapter 4 The Anthropocene Style: Towards a new decorative style at the age of Climate change Philippe Rahm, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Versailles, France Chapter 5 Searching for flexible interior design solutions for mass housing units in Istanbul Nilüfer Saglar Onay, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Chapter 6 Figuring out the interiors through the geometric tools of representation, Giuseppe Amoruso, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Chapter 7 The space between. On the relationship between drawing and design Gigi Trentin, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Chapter 8 Towards regenerative urban environments Xiaocun Zhu, Tongji University, China Chapter 9 Talk to me. On Exhibition Graphics Understood as a Space-Related Interface Aurelia Bertron, Germany Chapter 10 Improving Interior Design Decision-Making In Daylit Spaces. A Case Study Dalia Hafiz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, US

    Un manufatto storico a Pasturo. Analisi, consolidamento e funzionalizzazione

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    LAUREA MAGISTRALEL’argomento della tesi consistente nello studio dell’edificio Ex Cooperativa di Pasturo, in provincia di Lecco. Analizzato il territorio di Pasturo e le legislazioni vigenti, è stato riportato il rilievo accurato del manufatto, sono stati anche inseriti tutti quegli schizzi ed eidotipi necessari al rilievo in loco. Dopo aver evidenziato i materiali e degradi presenti sull’edificio si è passati all’analisi strutturale di quelle strutture più danneggiate, questa approfondimento è stato realizzato grazie all’appoggio del professor Pietro Giuseppe Crespi, successivamente è stato possibile ipotizzare degli interventi di consolidamento strutturale. L’ultima fase tratta la rifunzionalizzazione del manufatto con una particolare attenzione ai materiali utilizzati per le partizioni verticali, orizzontali e ai serramenti. L’obiettivo della tesi è quello di riuscire a connettere più ambiti di studio: il restauro con i rilievi e l’analisi legislativa; l’analisi strutturale con il consolidamento dell’edificio; il progetto vero e proprio per riportare in funzione un edificio abbandonato a se stesso.The topic of the thesis consisting in the study of the former Cooperative building of Pasturo, in the province of Lecco. Having analyzed the territory of Pasturo and the laws in force, the accurate survey of the building was reported, all the sketches and eidotypes necessary for the survey on the site were also included. After highlighting the materials and degradations present on the building we moved on to the structural analysis of those more damaged structures, this study was carried out thanks to the support of Professor Pietro Giuseppe Crespi, subsequently it was possible to hypothesize structural consolidation interventions. The last phase deals with the functionalization of the building with particular attention to the materials used for vertical and horizontal partitions and doors and windows. The aim of the thesis is to be able to connect more study areas: restoration with surveys and legislative analysis; structural analysis with building consolidation; the actual project to bring back a building abandoned to itself
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