1,721,466 research outputs found
A Tale of Chromatin and Transcription in 100 Structures
Full text linkTo celebrate a century of X-ray crystallography, I describe how 100 crystal structures influenced chromatin and transcription research
Struggling to let go: A non‐coding RNA directs its own extension and destruction
Full text linkIn addition to its role in DNA-dependent transcription, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity (Lehmann et al, 2007). In a study published in this issue of The EMBO Journal, Wagner et al (2013) report the first native cellular function of the RdRP activity of Pol II. The authors find that a mammalian non-coding RNA (ncRNA) can serve as a template for its own extension by Pol II, resulting in its destabilization and a decrease in its potency to repress Pol II
Biogenesis of multisubunit RNA polymerases
No full textGene transcription in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is carried out by three related multisubunit RNA polymerases, Pol I, Pol II and Pol III. Although the structure and function of the polymerases have been studied extensively, little is known about their biogenesis and their transport from the cytoplasm (where the subunits are synthesized) to the nucleus. Recent studies have revealed polymerase assembly intermediates and putative assembly factors, as well as factors required for Pol II nuclear import. In this review, we integrate the available data into a model of Pol II biogenesis that provides a framework for future analysis of the biogenesis of all RNA polymerases
Conservation between the RNA polymerase I, II, and III transcription initiation machineries
Full text linkRecent studies of the three eukaryotic transcription machineries revealed that all initiation complexes share a conserved core. This core consists of the RNA polymerase (I, II, or III), the TATA box-binding protein (TBP), and transcription factors TFIIB, TFIIE, and TFIIF (for Pol II) or proteins structurally and functionally related to parts of these factors (for Pol I and Pol III). The conserved core initiation complex stabilizes the open DNA promoter complex and directs initial RNA synthesis. The periphery of the core initiation complex is decorated by additional polymerase-specific factors that account for functional differences in promoter recognition and opening, and gene class-specific regulation. This review outlines the similarities and differences between these important molecular machines
Author response
Full text linkTo quantify gene regulation, a function is required that relates transcription factor binding to DNA (input) to the rate of mRNA synthesis from a target gene (output). Such a 'gene regulation function' (GRF) generally cannot be measured because the experimental titration of inputs and simultaneous readout of outputs is difficult. Here we show that GRFs may instead be inferred from natural changes in cellular gene expression, as exemplified for the cell cycle in the yeast S. cerevisiae. We develop this inference approach based on a time series of mRNA synthesis rates from a synchronized population of cells observed over three cell cycles. We first estimate the functional form of how input transcription factors determine mRNA output and then derive GRFs for target genes in the clb2 gene cluster that are expressed during G2/M phase. Systematic analysis of additional GRFs suggests a network architecture that rationalizes transcriptional cell cycle oscillations. We find that a transcription factor network alone can produce oscillations in mRNA expression, but that additional input from cyclin oscillations is required to arrive at the native behaviour of the cell cycle oscillator
La Greffe de l'Hévéa (Suite).
No full textCramer P. J. S. La Greffe de l'Hévéa (Suite).. In: Revue de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture coloniale, 10ᵉ année, bulletin n°102, février 1930. pp. 99-107
La Greffe de l'Hévéa.
No full textCramer P. J. S. La Greffe de l'Hévéa.. In: Revue de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture coloniale, 10ᵉ année, bulletin n°101, janvier 1930. pp. 3-10
Le greffage de l'Hevea en Indochine.
No full textCramer P. J. S. Le greffage de l'Hevea en Indochine.. In: Revue de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture coloniale, 13ᵉ année, bulletin n°138, février 1933. pp. 97-104
La production du Caoutchouc aux Indes Néerlandaises (suite et fin)
No full textCramer P. J. S. La production du Caoutchouc aux Indes Néerlandaises (suite et fin). In: Revue de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture coloniale, 21ᵉ année, bulletin n°239-240, Juillet-août 1941. pp. 425-457
La restriction de la production du caoutchouc et les producteurs hollandais (Suite et fin).
No full textCramer P. J. S. La restriction de la production du caoutchouc et les producteurs hollandais (Suite et fin).. In: Revue de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture coloniale, 11ᵉ année, bulletin n°124, décembre 1931. pp. 972-977
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