1,720,980 research outputs found
Incidental findings and the right not to know in clinical setting: Constitutional perspectives
Full text linkNext generation sequencing (NGS) induces frequent discoveries of incidental findings. This means that, during the sequencing, primary information concerning the alteration in gene for which the sequencing test was ordered goes with other information on different alterations. This problem is first faced by laboratories, followed by clinicians. The core question is whether to inform patients of those alterations. The first part of this paper overviews the guidelines adopted by the scientific community to set incidental findings. References are made to the 2016 European Guidelines for Diagnostic NGS, U.S. Recommendations adopted in 2013 and revised twice, in 2015 and in 2016, Italian Report of Bioethics Committee of 2016, and French Guidelines on secondary findings related to cancer gene of 2018. The second part of this paper discusses the rationale of “the right not to know” and analyses two main frameworks: autonomy and privacy. An attempt is made to consider the issue through different constitutional backgrounds: the U.S. and French notion of autonomy and freedom, and the Italian constitutional background. This paper argues that the right not to know is a negative right comprising a denial, but whose exercise requires positive obligations from clinicians to fulfil an effective and conscious choice. Recalling a famous U.S. debate on negative and positive liberty, a synthesis of the two sides could be managed through a procedural setting of consent, including information about family members. In this sense, the right not to know refers to a constitutional pattern of principles that is not limited to selfdetermination but entails solidarity and responsibility
Sindacato accentrato di costituzionalità e contributo alla normatività della Carta europea dei diritti fondamentali a vent’anni dalla sua proclamazione
No full textThis paper discusses the role of Italian Constitutional Court (ItCC) judicial review of legislation concerning the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in the light of the European integration process. The paper is divided in three parts. The first part and the second part move from an internal perspective, while the third part deals with the European level. The first part discusses the criteria that ordinary courts must comply with to involve the ItCC judgment when a law is suspected to violate both the Italian Constitution and the EU Charter. The second part considers some systemic problems that have arisen in the new course of ItCC, particularly the reconstruction of the EU Charter’s norms as interposed norms, i.e. their force and their limits, the infringement of the primacy of EU law and the patriation of the meanings of the Charter. The thesis is that the consideration of the EU Court f Justice case law, a deep reasoning, and the use of preliminary references as a new normality can mitigate these problems. The third part is devoted to the role of the EU Charter in the European system since its promulgation in 2000, with a special focus on the social norms of the Charter. The study recalls the years of hope, when the Charter aimed at constitutionalising the EU, and the years of disillusion, during the economic crisis. The vitality of the Charter is analysed in both the judicial side and the political side, showing a low degree of implementation. The thesis is that the ItCC can contribute to the normativity to the EU Charter through preliminary references, especially on the validity of EU secondary legislation, using arguments and words of a social and democratic constitutionalism
Diritti e principi sociali nella Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell'Unione europea. Profili costituzionali
No full textNuovo cammino europeo e cammino convenzionale della Corte costituzionale a confronto
No full textIl fil rouge del presente contributo è rappresentato dal confronto tra il nuovo cammino europeo intrapreso dalla Corte costituzionale con la sentenza n. 269/2017 e il cammino convenzionale inaugurato con le sentenze gemelle del 2007. Attraverso questo filo rosso, la giurisprudenza costituzionale relativa al parametro europeo e al parametro convenzionale viene analizzata sotto tre profili: lo sviluppo del modus decidendi della Corte costituzionale; la tenuta della distinzione tra parametri costituzionali utilizzati per dare ingresso al diritto convenzionale e al diritto europeo; infine, alcune considerazioni sui criteri individuati per indirizzare il potere/dovere del giudice comune di sollevare questione di legittimità costituzionale
45 Years of Law 194 in Italy. How Does Regional Politics Impact on the Right to Access Abortion?
Full text linkLaw 194 introduced the right to abortion in Italy in 1978. Since then, the literature reports a persistent ineffectiveness of the right to abortion throughout the country. This research addresses the relevance that regional political actors attach to this issue and the position they
take, investigating a sample of eight Italian regions over 10 years, from 2013 to 2023. The analysis is based on an original data collection, including legislative and oversight activities on the issue of abortion in the selected regions. The results show that the issue is of little relevance to Italian
parties, although there are some exceptions, and that, in terms of orientation, the center-left and the Five Star Movement generally adopt a pro-abortion stance, while the center-right parties tend to support anti-abortion positions. Analyzing the narrative behind these positions, the results also highlight the variety of arguments used by anti-abortionists to support their position
Law, Genetics and Genomics: An Unfolding Relationship, Editorial BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 1S (2021): Special Issue 1/2021
No full textThe relationship between genetics/genomics and the legal and ethical landscape has been long and varied, and it is continually evolving. Depending on the moment in history and the specific area involved, this relationship has proven tragic (consider eugenics and the laws it inspired), beneficial (consider the many criminal cases solved through forensic DNA) and promising (consider attempts to regulate emerging gene editing techniques) – but it has never been easy. The idea to dedicate a Special issue of BioLaw Journal to the origins, state of the art and future of this interrelation emerged during an international symposium organised by the Italian Chapter of the International Society of Public Law (ICON-S) in Florence in 2019, addressing the topic of New Technologies and the Future of Public Law. A stimulating discussion on the new challenges of genome editing convinced us that trying to bridge between past and present was important in order to better imagine the future
Europea e Costituzione
No full textLo scritti introduce gli scritti selezionati del professor Sergio Bartole in tema di rapporti tra diritto costituzionale e diritto sovranazional
Comparative study on the implementation of the ECHR at the national level
Full text linkA Comparative analysis of the application of the European Convention on Human Rights in the national legal framework of several contracting states to the Conventio
Vezio Crisafulli. Politica e Costituzione - Scritti "militanti" (1944-1955)
No full textPur non essendo stato eletto alla Costituente, Vezio Crisafulli, che aveva partecipato ai lavori preparatori, ne seguì i lavori commentandoli su giornali e riviste non giuridiche, e poi continuò stigmatizzando la mancata attuazione della Costituzione, ormai entrata in vigore, e le conseguenze istituzionali della restaurazione conservatrice che dominò la politica italiana. In quegli anni (1944-1955) Crisafulli fu il "costituzionalista di riferimento" del Partito comunista. Il suo impegno politico, che fu anche diretto, si espresse attraverso numerosi articoli pubblicati sul quotidiano e sui periodici del partito, ma anche in alcuni pareri resi direttamente a Palmiro Togliatti, che sono stati trascritti nell'appendice documentaria all'interno del volume
- …
