1,721,232 research outputs found

    Reclustering Techniques Improve Early Vision Feature Maps

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    We propose a recursive post-processing algorithm to improve feature-maps, like disparity- or motion-maps, computed by early vision modules. The statistical distribution of the features is computed from the original feature-map, and from this the most likely candidate for a correct feature is determined for every pixel. This process is performed automatically by a clustering algorithm which determines the feature candidates as the cluster centres in the distribution. After determining the feature candidates, a cost function is computed for every pixel, and a candidate will only replace the original feature if the cost is reduced. In this way, a new feature-map is generated which, in the next iteration, serves as the basis for the computation of the updated feature distribution. Iterations are stopped if the total cost reduction is less than a pre-defined threshold. In general, our technique is albe to reduce two of the most common problems that affect feature-maps, the sparseness, i.e. the presence of areas where the algorithm is not able to give meaningful measurements, and the blur. To show the efficacy of our approach, we apply the reclustering algorithm to several examples of increasing complexity, showing results for synthetic and natural images

    1999-2020, dalla Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali al Next Generation EU: momenti dell’integrazione europea attraverso le iniziative della Presidenza tedesca

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    I semestri a Presidenza tedesca hanno segnato due momenti fondamentali della storia dell’integrazione europea: nel 1999, il progetto di Carta europea dei diritti fondamentali; nel 2020, l’adozione di una forma di indebitamento comune. Un terzo momento fondamentale è consistito negli anni della crisi dei debiti sovrani, 2010-2014, che hanno visto la Repubblica Federale Tedesca motore politico dell’austerity europea. Questi tre momenti, diversi per presupposti, hanno in comune il fatto di reagire ad una crisi. Il presente contributo guarda ad essi per analizzare le aspettative e il grado di attuazione delle disposizioni sociali della Carta europea sia sul versante politico, sia sul versante giudiziale, quale aspetto della dimensione sociale europea. Attraverso le iniziative politiche tedesche si vuole mostrare come, nei vent’anni trascorsi dalla sua proclamazione, le linee di tensione politica e istituzionale a livello europeo e nazionale abbiano indebolito la capacità integrativa delle norme sociali della Carta, creando un nesso tra incertezza politica e cautela giudiziale. The Germany’s Presidencies of the European Semester captured fundamental moments of European integration, as the initiative for the European Charter of Fundamental Rights in 1999 and the proposal for a common debt in 2020. Moreover, during the sovereign debt crisis of 2010-2014, austerity was strongly supported by Germany, influencing the adoption of strong macroeconomic conditionality. The three moments of European integration had different causes, but they have in common the reaction to a crisis. This paper addresses these moments looking at the expectations and the degree of implementation of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights’ social norms from both the institutional side and the judicial side, as an aspect of the European social dimension. The German political and institutional climate is used to demonstrate how political fragmentation affected the capacity of integration of the Charter, the judicial self-restraint mirroring political uncertainty

    Per un elogio del primato, con uno sguardo lontano. Note a Corte cost. n. 67 del 2022

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    The Italian Constitutional Court (ItCC) judgment no. 67 of 2022 is marked by two aspects. Firstly, the recognition of primacy as the architrave of the European system and its values, and at the same time the driver of the domestic system, in a legal system in which the Courts assume and act as guarantors of reciprocal rights and obligations. Secondly, the persistent vitality of disapplication, the traditional way of guaranteeing the primacy of EU law, which the new approach introduced by the ItCC’s decision no. 269 of 2017 had made less certain. Arguably, the reasons for reaffirming the primacy do not depend on the case in question, but on the need, in the face of the rule of law crisis and, today, of a new war in the continent, to reaffirm the values on which the European Union is based. SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: il caso. - 2. Primi rilievi: una comunità di corti nazionali legate da convergenti diritti e obblighi. - 3. I criteri della disapplicazione. - 4. Il contesto: uno sguardo lontano, la rule of law e ora la guerra
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