308 research outputs found
Citation for author's submitted version Citation for publisher's version
No full text. Quantitative PCR confirms culture as the gold standard for detection of lower airway infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in Australian Indigenous children with bronchiectasis. Retrieved from http://espace.cdu.edu.au/view/cdu:38464 Citation for publisher's version Hare, Kim M., Marsh, Robyn Leanne, Binks, Michael John, Grimwood, Keith, Pizzutto, Susan, Leach, Amanda, Chang, Anne Bernadette and Smith-Vaughan, Heidi (201
Improved resistance to root pests: final report to Grape and Wine Research & Development Corporation
No full textThere were two major aims of this project, which was jointly funded by GWRDC and CRCV2. The first aim was to identify and characterise grapevine genes involved in the plantâ s interaction
with phylloxera and/or root-knot nematode. This information could be used to design strategies for engineering novel resistance to these pests in grapevine. The second aim of the project was to develop and use systems to rapidly assess candidate genes for preventing infestation of vine roots by phylloxera and/or root-knot nematode. Progress towards both goals was achieved despite premature termination of the project after 4, instead of 7 years.Project Leader: Dr. Robyn van Heeswijck until her retirement in July, 2002, then Prof. Steve Tyerman (in an administrative capacity); Author Details: Dr Tricia Franks (using text from the original application by Dr. Robyn van Heeswijck
A proposal for a standardised protocol to barcode all land plants
No full textWe propose in this paper to use three regions of plastid DNA as a standard protocol for barcoding all land plants. We review the other markers that have been proposed and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. The low levels of variation in plastid DNA make three regions necessary; there are no plastid regions, coding or non-coding, that evolve as rapidly as mitochondrial DNA generally does in animals. We outline two, three-region options, (1) rpoC1, rpoB and matK or (2) rpoC1, matK and psbA-trnH as viable markers for land plant barcoding.Mark W. Chase, Robyn S. Cowan, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Cassio van den Berg, Santiago Madriñán, Gitte Petersen, Ole Seberg, Tina Jørgsensen, Kenneth M. Cameron, Mark Carine, Niklas Pedersen, Terry A.J. Hedderson, Ferozah Conrad, Gerardo A. Salazar, James E. Richardson, Michelle L. Hollingsworth, Timothy G. Barraclough, Laura Kelly & Mike Wilkinso
'Making its own history': New Zealand historical fiction for children,1862-2008
No full textThis thesis considers historical fiction for children and young people dealing with New Zealand history from the arrival of the first Polynesian settlers to the end of the nineteenth century. It provides both a comprehensive survey of historical novels published between 1862 and the end of 2008, and an analysis of the way the same historical events and periods have been depicted in historical novels written at different times. Individual chapters discuss books set during specific historical periods or dealing with particular events - the pre-European period, early contact, nineteenth century immigration, the New Zealand Wars, the gold rushes, and the colonial period - in chronological order of publication. Since children's literature is particularly adept at reflecting and promoting the dominant ideas of the society in which it is produced, the chronological consideration of these texts reveals contemporary attitudes to such issues as race relations, gender roles, class, war and conflict, and concepts of national identity, as well as the way historical fiction has responded to societal changes since the 1860s.
The predominant themes of historical fiction set prior to 1900 are: the arrival of settlers in New Zealand; encounters with the country's indigenous inhabitants; the taming of the often hostile landscape; the assertion of the settlers' claims to 'belong' in their new land; and the establishment of New Zealand as a nation with distinctive characteristics. There are perceptible nuances and differences in the way these themes are discussed depending on the historical moment in which individual authors are writing. Novels of the Victorian period and early twentieth century reflect the imperialistic and evangelistic ethos of the time, and present the British settlers' right to colonize the land and the ensuing dispossession of Māori as largely unproblematic. Subsequent historical novels, particularly those written since the 1960s, offer a more inclusive version of New Zealand history, although the lack of historical fiction for children by Māori writers means that Eurocentric views of history continue to dominate, and that all representations of Māori and their history are mediated through Pakeha writers.
Shifts in social attitudes have resulted in changes in the treatment of Māori in historical novels for children, and similar changes have occurred in the portrayal of gender, class, and ethnicity. The passage of time has seen increased agency and a wider variety of roles allocated to Māori, female and working class characters, as well as greater ethnic diversity. Developments in New Zealand historiography are also reflected in fiction, although at times historical fiction prefigures written histories, or provides alternative views by depicting the experience of women, children and Māori, who often did not feature in conventional histories. While many historical novels for children, especially the earlier texts, are adventure stories set in the past and are not necessarily concerned with historical verisimilitude, an increasing number attempt to present authentic recreations of historical periods, including accounts of actual people and events, based on extensive research, and reinforced with peritextual material in the form of historical notes, bibliographies, maps and photographs.
The role of New Zealand historical fiction for children and young people has been not only to entertain young readers and inform them about their country's past, but to create and foster a sense of national identity
An Unsung Heroine: The Life & Radical Activism of Jewell Mazique
No full textThe past decade has given rise to the overdue acknowledgement of Black women of the Black Freedom Movement. Scholars such as Ashley Farmer, Erik McDuffie, Brittney Cooper, Robyn C. Spencer have produced critical scholarship that has shifted the male dominated historical narratives, which have underserved the roles of Black women in the freedom struggle. Black women of the Movement have undergirded the literal "movement" and organizational activities of key formations that have defined personalities, organizations, policies and thought. However, historical amnesia of the Black Freedom Movement undergirds how the so-called master narratives represent Black women
Contact time and its effect on cross-contamination of enterobacter aerogenes from surfaces to foods
No full textBacterial cross-contamination from surfaces to food can be a common factor contributing to foodborne disease outbreaks, while the popular culture notion of the "five second rule" states food dropped on the floor for less than five seconds is “safe”, because bacteria need time to transfer. The rule has been explored only to a limited degree in the published literature and popular culture. The cross-contamination rate of Enterobacter aerogenes was evaluated on common surfaces using scenarios that differ by surface type, food type, contact time (0, 5, 30 and 300 s), and inoculum matrix (TSB or peptone buffer). The surfaces used were stainless steel, ceramic tile, wood and carpet. The food types were watermelon, bread, bread with butter and gummy candy. Surfaces were spot inoculated with 1 ml of inoculum and allowed to dry for 5 h, yielding an approximate concentration of 107 CFU/surface. Foods were dropped on the respective surfaces from a height of 12.5 cm and left to rest for the appropriate time. Post transfer surfaces and food were placed in sterile filter bags and homogenized or massaged, diluted and plated on tryptic soy agar. The transfer rate was quantified by determining the log % transfer from the surface to the food. Contact time, food and surface type all had a highly significant effect (P < 0.000001) on log % transfer of Enterobacter aerogenes from surface to food. The inoculum matrix (TSB or peptone buffer) also had a significant effect on transfer (P = 0.012944), and most of the interaction terms had a significant effect on transfer. More bacteria transferred to watermelon (~ 0.2-97%) relative to other food types studied, while fewer bacteria transferred to gummy candy (~0.1-62%). Transfer of bacteria to bread (~0.02-94%) and bread with butter (~0.02-82%) were similar, and transfer rates under a given set of condition were more variable compared to watermelon and gummy candy.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Robyn C. Mirand
Neuroinflammation and COVID-19
No full textCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a historic pandemic of respiratory disease. COVID-19 also causes acute and post-acute neurological symptoms, which range from mild, such as headaches, to severe, including hemorrhages. Current evidence suggests that there is no widespread infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by SARS-CoV-2, thus what is causing COVID-19 neurological disease? Here, we review potential immunological mechanisms driving neurological disease in COVID-19 patients. We begin by discussing the implications of imbalanced peripheral immunity on CNS function. Next, we examine the evidence for dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Last, we discuss the role myeloid cells may play in promoting COVID-19 neurological disease. Combined, we highlight the role of innate immunity in COVID-19 neuroinflammation and suggest areas for future research
University effects on regional innovation
No full textThis paper analyzes empirically whether expansion of a university system affects local industry innovation. We examine how the opening of new university schools in Italy during 1985–2000 affected regional innovation. We find that creation of new schools increased regional innovation activity already within five years. On average, an opening of a new school has led to a seven percent change in the number of patents filed by regional firms. The evidence suggests that the effect is mainly generated by high quality scientific research brought to the region with new schools.Peer Reviewe
Morphometric, AFLP and plastid microsatellite variation in populations of Scalesia divisa and S. incisa (Asteraceae) from the Galápagos Islands
No full textScalesia divisa and S. incisa (Asteraceae), both endemic to the Galápagos Islands, are found only on San Cristóbal, where S. divisa grows in the north-west of the island while S. incisa occurs in the north-east. At localities in between, populations with deviating individuals occur. Here we analyse the population structure of S. divisa, S. incisa and two deviating populations based on morphology, AFLP markers and two plastid microsatellite loci. The deviating populations were collected from either side of the island. In a principal components analysis based on morphological characters they appeared to be intermediate between the presumed pure species. When using a discriminant analysis, the two populations that were geographically furthest apart were best discriminated. A Mantel test showed that there was a significant correlation between morphological differentiation and geographical distance, which was also indicated in a distance tree. A second distance tree based on AFLP characters revealed the same topology, but the branches were longer. This was explained by high within-population variation, as demonstrated by AMOVA. Although only a small proportion of the total variance was explained by the between-population component, the populations were distinct enough to be separated by a discriminant analysis. A high level of misclassification was only found between one of the S. incisa populations and one of the deviating populations. The plastid markers supported the results obtained from AFLP. We hypothesize that the pattern of variation is the result of hybridization between two formerly isolated species
Understanding the effect of the increase in the intellectual disability population: A system dynamic approach
No full textThe intellectual disability population increased from 65.545 people in 2011 to 116.200 people in 2020. In other words, the population almost doubled in less than ten years' time. Interventions are required to be able to make sure everyone receives the needed care. Therefore, the causes for the growth should be further examined before any decision on intervention can be taken. This thesis contributed to understanding the factors influencing the increase in the intellectual disability population and evaluating the behaviour of the sector. To improve the understanding, a System Dynamics model was designed analysing the influence of self-reliance on the intellectual disability population. The question of why there is an increase in the intellectual disability population has been attempted to be answered within this study. After evaluating multiple factors as a cause for the growth in the intellectual disability population, self-reliance was selected as being an important factor. In the conceptual model, three reinforcing feedback loops were found, indicating that when there is no intervention, the self-reliance of the intellectual disability population continuously decreases, resulting in more people applying for care from the Wlz. In the qualitative model, this proposition could not be rejected, indicating the importance of the role of self-reliance on the growth of the intellectual disability population. Especially for the population with an IQ score between 70 and 85, more attention should be paid to the increase or maintaining of self-reliance. In that way, the intellectual disability sector is always able to care for the ones who cannot live without. Engineering and Policy Analysi
- …
