117,451 research outputs found
Does evidence support the use of mobile phone apps as a driver for promoting healthy lifestyles from a public health perspective? A systematic review of Randomized Control Trials
No full textObjective: The aim of this systematic review was to find a scientific evidence on the efficacy of apps in promoting healthy lifestyles.
Methods: The research was carried out according to PRISMA Statement. Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar searches were carried out up to September 2016 focusing on randomized control trials (RCTs).
Results: Forty RCTs were selected. Most of the studies targeted weight management, PA and healthy eating (N = 35). A few RCTs focused on apps designed to sun protection, smoking cessation and alcohol
consumption (N = 5). Only 10 RCTs (25%) found statistical difference between intervention and control groups for all the outcomes measured. Most of the studies had a short follow-up (65%, less than 6 months)
and half of them a very small sample size (fewer than 100 subjects).
Conclusion: Overall, the evidence so far showed a modest efficacy of apps in health promotion. Practice implications: There is a need to improve the overall quality of intervention studies focused on
mobile apps in order to understand if they could became a valuable tool in support of health professionals and their efforts to promote education and health
Do polychlorinated biphenyls cause cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on risk of cutaneous melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
No full textIn 2015 a IARC Working Group upgraded the classification of PCBs to Group 1 “Carcinogenic to humans”, also on the basis of evidence from epidemiological studies showing an excess risk for melanoma. Increased risks for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and breast cancer were also reported though the evidence was limited. However, some recent reviews of studies on PCB exposure and risk of cancer provided discrepant findings. Therefore, we re-evaluated the association between exposure to PCBs and risk of melanoma and NHL by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We retrieved 11 independent cohort studies on occupationally exposed workers. About half of them showed increased standardized mortality or incidence ratios (SMRs or SIRs) for melanoma and none for NHL. The pooled SMRs were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.05e1.64) for melanoma and 0.94 (0.73e1.23) for NHL. Among population-based cohort and case-control studies with individual measures of PCB exposure, one only study was carried out on PCB exposure and melanoma, showing an odds ratio (OR) of 6.0 (2.0e18.2) for the highest compared to
lowest quartile of PCB distribution. 13 cohort and case-control studies evaluated the association between NHL and PCB concentration in blood or subcutaneous fat, with summary OR 1⁄4 1.5 (1.1e1.7) for the highest vs lowest quantile of PCB distribution. However, two cohort studies on people intoxicated by rice oil containing PCBs found no excess of deaths for skin cancer and inconsistent results for NHL. In conclusion, these findings do not provide a strong evidence that PCB exposure can increase the risk of melanoma and NHL in humans
Percezione e uso degli antibiotici in età pediatrica: indagine su un campione di popolazione nel contesto bresciano.
No full textAssessing the state of Web-based communication for public health: a systematic review
No full textBackground:
Communicating strategically is a key issue for health
organisations and, over the past decade, healthcare communication via social media and websites has generated a great
deal of studies. As for systematic reviews, there is, however,
fragmentary evidence on this type of communication. The aim
of this research was to summarise the evidence on Web
institutional health communication for public health authorities to evaluate aim-specific key points based on existing
studies.
Methods:
Guided by the PRISMA statement, we conducted a comprehensive review across two electronic databases (PubMed and
Web of Science) from 2011 until 7 October 2021, searching for
studies investigating institutional health communication. Two
independent researchers reviewed the articles for inclusion,
and assessment of methodological quality was based on the
Kmet appraisal checklist.
iii334 European Journal of Public Health, Volume 32 Supplement 3, 2022
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Results:
78 articles were selected. Most of the studies targeted health
promotion/disease prevention (n = 35), followed by crisis
communication (n = 24), general health (n = 13), and misinformation correction/health promotion (n = 6).
Engagement and message framing were the most analysed
aspects. Few studies focused on campaign effectiveness. Only
18 studies had an experimental design. Kmet evaluation was
used to distinguish studies presenting a solid structure from
lacking studies. In particular, considering the 075-point
threshold, out of 74 studies, 28 were excluded (378% of the
total). Studies above this threshold were used to identify a
series of aim-specific and medium-specific suggestions, as
communication strategies employed differ quite greatly.
Conclusions:
Overall, findings suggest that no single strategy works best in
the case of Web-based healthcare communication. The
extreme variability of outcomes and the lack of a unitary
measure for assessing the end-points of a specific campaign or
study leads us to reconsider the tools we use to evaluate the
efficacy of Web-based health communication.
Key messages:
This systematic review provides an overview on Web-based
health communication. Results suggest that no single
strategy works best and the need to reassess its evaluation
tools.
Communicating strategically is key for health organisations.
This systematic review analyses a corpus of texts, in an effort
to summarise and analyse existing, albeit fragmentary,
evidence
Bambini e qualità dell’aria: effetti dei tossici ambientali ed esposizioni precoci. Dagli studi sulle malattie ai modelli predittivi
No full textAntibiotic resistance: is knowledge the only driver for awareness and appropriate use of antibiotics?
No full textBackground: The fight against antibiotic resistance (AR) is nowadays a world priority. Antibiotic resistance is largely associated with the overuse of antibiotics and a lack of awareness of the problem. Considering the large use of antibiotics in the paediatric age, the aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and perception of antibiotic resistance in a sample of parents.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of parents of children aged 0-14. Data on antibiotic use and awareness of antibiotic resistance were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire. The potential predictors of the antibiotic resistance awareness were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 610 parents of which 91% (n=553) used antibiotics for their children. Summarizing the answers related to antibiotic resistance knowledge and perception, 36% of parents gave a correct answers to at least 9 of 12 questions. Fever seemed to represent a reason of anxiety in parents. Using a 10-point scale, the perceived anxiety by parents was measured based on a situation when the child wakes up in the morning with a fever at 38°C and the doctor suggests to wait at least 48 hours before administering the antibiotic. Almost half of parents (49%) indicated a low degree of anxiety (1-4), 31% medium (5-6), and 20% high (7-10). Multivariate analysis showed that a good level of education, healthcare occupation and low grade of anxiety are associated with antibiotic resistance awareness.
Conclusions: The awareness of antibiotic resistance is not strong. The study highlights the need to put effort on tailored education programs aimed to improve knowledge of antibiotic resistance and guide mainly anxious parents to appropriate management of disease of their children
Gioco d’azzardo: indagine conoscitiva sulle abitudini al gioco e fattori associati in un campione di popolazione online.
No full textMobile apps and health promotion: what is the evidence?
No full textThe aim of the study was to perform a systematic review in order to find a scientific evidence about the efficacy of apps in health promotion
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