217 research outputs found
Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum (Engl.) Dagallier & Couvreur 2022, comb. nov.
No full textUvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum (Engl.) Dagallier & Couvreur comb. nov. Figs 123, 124; Map 15F ≡ Uvariodendron giganteum (Engl.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 62, 1930; Uvaria gigantea Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 292, 1899; Uva gigantea (Engl.) Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. Type. Cameroon. Central Region; Yaoundé, Zenker G.A. & Staudt A. 108, 1895: lectotype designated by Fries (1930), p. 62, sheet destroyed at B, sheet here designated: P[P00362654]; isolectotype: COI[COI00004926]. Description. Differs from the type variety in having young branches and petioles covered with long soft hairs producing a whitish appearance quickly falling off (vs. young branches and petiole sparsely pubescent to glabrous); leaves 30-70 cm long and 8.2-22.5 cm wide (vs. 15.9-45 cm long and 4.3-11.8 cm wide), secondary veins 22 to 33 (vs. 15 to 24), and flowers with sepals 21-30 mm long (vs. 11-23 mm long); carpels 33 to 104 (vs. 20 to 70). Distribution. From southern Nigeria to Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Central and South-West regions. Habitat. a common variety; in lowland or premontane primary or old secondary rain forests, on inundated soils or along streams or rivers. Altitude: 100-1300 m a.s.l. Vernacular names (as assigned to U. giganteum): Obom, ossoé (Yaoundé, Biholong 279), Limboto (Bakweri, van Andel 3761). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cheek 2014b). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. This variety is more common and widespread than the type variety. Most of these characters provided above overlap with the type variety. Without the young branches covered with long soft hairs it can be hard to identify some specimens as var. Uvariodendron giganteum giganteum with certainty. The specimen Zenker G.A. & Staudt A. 108, defined to be the type specimen by Fries (1930), was not found in B (lost or destroyed), so we make the duplicate from P as the lectotype and the duplicate from COI as the isolectotype. Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Mont Mbam Minkon on trail 5 km from Nkol Nyada village, 3.96°N, 11.40°E, 21 March 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 419 (WAG,YA); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 1895, Zenker G.A. 108 (P); Yaundé, 3.86°N, 11.51°E, Feburary 1895, Zenker G.A. 698 (K). East Region: 80 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.16°N, 14.70°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1206 (MPU,WAG,YA); 66 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.08°N, 14.67°E, 08 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1229 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: Près d’Alati-Ancienne piste Alati-Mintom II, 2.2°N, 13.42°E, 17 January 1973, Biholong M. 279 (P,YA); Massif de Ngovayang village de Atog Boga, 3.22°N, 10.50°E, 04 September 2015, Droissart V. 2125 (BRLU); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 1898, Zenker G.A. 1438 (L). South-West Region: Nyasoso village on max’s trail to Mt 4.82°N, 9.699°E, 05 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1057 (WAG,YA); on trail from Ekongo village located 5 km before the entrance to Limbe 7 km on secondary road On flank of Mt Etinde 100 m in Mont Cameroon National Park, 4.07°N, 9.133°E, 16 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 512 (WAG,YA); Bakossi Mountains 1-8 km NNE of Menyum Village, 5.05°N, 9.612°E, 22 May 1987, Doumenge C. 473 (L,P); Ebondji, 4.76°N, 9.598°E, 08 June 2017, Kamdem N. 557 (YA); Forest trail 2 km south from Etube-Tape village, 4.85°N, 9.7°E, 02 February 1995, Lane P. 501 (K,WAG,YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.12°N, 9.187°E, 21 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3761 (U,WAG).Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 396-399, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.6143
Piptostigma goslineanum Ghogue, Sonke & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 193 2017
No full textPiptostigma goslineanum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 193, 2017 Fig. 87; Map 11B Type. Cameroon. Littoral Region; around Douala, Fleury F. 33134, Jun 1917: holotype: P[P02032174]; isotypes: P[P02032172, P02032173, P02032175]. Description. Tree, 8-30 m tall, d.b.h. 12-15 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 9.5-26 cm long, 3.5-10 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1.8 cm long, base obtuse to acute, papyraceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent to tomentose when young, pubescent to tomentose when old; secondary veins 17 to 33 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, peduncle like base 15-65 mm long, axial internodes 5-35 mm long, compact to lax, sympodial rachis 6-38 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, (1) 2 to 7 per inflorescence; pedicel ca. 7 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 10-15 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, tomentose; basal bract ca. 8 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide; upper bract ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 12 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 38-45 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 4 to 7, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 3 to 4, 20-35 mm long, 10-20 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to ovoid, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, smooth, bumpy when dry, pink reddish when ripe; seeds 4 to 5 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species; in the understory of submontane and lowland rain forests. Altitude 200-900 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Niock (Dial. Yaoundé, Fleury F. 33134). IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a i). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma goslineanum closely resembles P. glabrescens by the shape and the size of their leaf blades, but the inflorescences of P. goslineanum are generally shorter than 12 cm long with 2-7 flowers, while those of P. glabrescens can reach up to 55 cm long with 10-28 flowers. In addition, the monocarps of P. goslineanum are smooth and ovoid to ellipsoid in shape, while those of P. glabrescens are puncticulate and oblong in shape. In the check list of the plants of Mt. Kupe and Bakossi (Cheek et al. 2004), collections cited under Piptostigma sp. 1 belong to P. goslineanum. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Aux environs de Douala, 4.05°N, 9.7°E, 01 June 1917, Fleury F. 33134 (P); Tissongo, 3.58°N, 9.9°E, 08 July 1976, McKey D.B. 105 (K); Douala-Edea Reserve Lombe Camp, 3.48°N, 9.833°E, 01 November 1977, Thomas D.W. 510 (K); Lombe Camp Site Douala-Edea Reserve Cameroun, 3.48°N, 9.833°E, 30 May 1976, Waterman P.G. 801 (K). South-West Region: Nta Ali SE Mamfe, 5.55°N, 9.521°E, 17 June 1987, Achoundong G. 1267 (YA); Kupe village, 4.78°N, 9.683°E, 24 January 1995, Cable S. 787 (K,WAG,YA); Mungo River F.R., 4.78°N, 9.607°E, 30 November 1999, Cheek M. 10197 (K); Kupe village, 4.77°N, 9.701°E, 16 November 1995, Cheek M. 7849 (K,YA); Kupe village, 4.79°N, 9.701°E, 19 May 1996, Cheek M. 8328 (K,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.501°E, 26 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1017 (WAG,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary before Mbu river, 5.34°N, 9.487°E, 27 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1023 (WAG,YA); on trail leading to top of Mt Etinde after Ekonjo village, 4.07°N, 9.152°E, 01 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1030 (WAG,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park on the Bomona trail behind Bomona village 10 km NW from Idenau, 4.29°N, 9.100°E, 03 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1047 (WAG,YA); on top of hill near Small Ekombe village 3 km after Kumba on road to Ekondo Titi town, 4.62°N, 9.378°E, 13 January 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 983 (WAG,YA); Ezeze road Nyasoso between shrike and Max’s trail following the river upwards, 4.82°N, 9.691°E, 25 June 1996, Etuge M. 2420 (K,WAG,YA); Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.699°E, 09 July 1996, Etuge M. 2698 (K,WAG,YA); Massif Ntali pente NW 30 km SE Mamfé, 5.56°N, 9.482°E, 15 June 1982, Villiers J.-F. 1448 (P,YA).Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 287-288, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.6143
Piptostigma macrophyllum Ghogue, Sonke & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 199 2017
No full textPiptostigma macrophyllum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 199, 2017 Fig. 89; Map 11E Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; above small Koto village (Mt. Cameroon), Thomas D.W. 4493, 6 Mar 1985: holotype: YA[YA0002852]; isotypes: MO[MO3282523]; P[P00284016]. Description. Tree, 5-10 m tall, d.b.h. 10-20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 6-7 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 25-41 cm long, 9-16 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 2.5 cm long, base acute, papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 21 to 28 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary, pubescent all over, peduncle like base 5-10 mm long, axial internodes 5-15 mm long, compact to sub-lax, sympodial rachis up to 70 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 3 to 6 per inflorescence; pedicel 8-10 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 10-12 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, glabrous; basal bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide; upper bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 9-15 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 25-35 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 5, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma globose, densely pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 3, ca. 33 mm long, ca. 35 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, glabrous, verrucose to muricate with short projections, not ribbed, light red pink when ripe; seeds 2 to 4 per monocarp, 10-15 mm long, ca. 12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the South, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species; in primary or secondary lowland or premontane rain forests on black volcanic soils, sometimes in plantations. Altitude 550-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable B2ab(iii,iv) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a l). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma macrophyllum is morphologically close to P. pilosum by the large size and papery consistency of its leaf blade. However, the leaf blades of P. pilosum are mostly oblong or elliptic and only exceptionally narrowly obovate like those of P. macrophyllum. The inflorescences of P. pilosum are also less compact and less pubescent than those of P. macrophyllum. The monocarps of P. macrophyllum strongly resemble those of P. multinervium and P. macranthum being muricate to verrucose in texture with short projections. Piptostigma macrophyllum is distinguished from P. multinervium by its larger size of the leaf blades (25-41 cm long versus 13-21 cm long in P. multinervium), the lower side of the leaf blades being glabrous between the veins in P. macrophyllum and pubescent in P. multinervium; finally the sepals are narrowly ovate in P. macrophyllum while broadly triangular in P. multinervium. From P. macranthum it is distinguished by the leaves being obovate (versus narrowly oblong to oblong). Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest Reserve Djuma permanent camp on transect 5, 4.33°N, 10.23°E, 16 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 637 (WAG,YA). South Region: Bord de la Lobé 25 km E Campo, 2.37°N, 9.82°E, 01 January 1968, Letouzey R. 9156 (P,YA). South-West Region: Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.09°N, 9.054°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1034 (WAG,YA); on trail through palm oil plantation 3 km before lava flow and Seme Beach hotel when coming from Limbe, 4.06°N, 9.079°E, 18 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 518 (WAG,YA); Entre DikomeBalue (1200 m) et Ifanga Nalende (650 m) 35 km NNW-Kumba, 4.9°N, 9.29°E, 25 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14590 (P,YA); Etinde forest reserve Njonji lake, 4.13°N, 9.033°E, 25 January 1993, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 1053 (K); Disturbed forest Bomana and Koto II, 4.3°N, 9.05°E, 26 April 1996, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 1378 (K,YA); Mount Cameroon above small Koto village, 4.3°N, 9.1°E, 06 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4493 (YA); Between Ikenge and Esukutang ca 6 kms West of Ikenge, 5.28°N, 9.083°E, 03 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7645 (YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.12°N, 9.029°E, 20 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3728 (U,WAG).Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 294-295, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.6143
Monanthotaxis enghiana P. H. Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14 2017
No full textMonanthotaxis enghiana (Diels) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Figs 53, 54; Map 7D ≡ Popowia enghiana Diels, Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 213, 1911; Friesodielsia enghiana (Diels) Verdc. in Le Thomas Fl. Gabon No. 16: 240, 1969. = Oxymitra grandiflora Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 21: 116, 1951; Richella grandiflora (Boutique) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Fiesodielsia grandiflora (Boutique) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Yalibutu, 45 km NW of Yangambi, Germain R.G.A. 883, 22 Jan 1948: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: BR n.v.; isolectotypes: K [K000913652, K000913653]; MO n.v. = Unona obanensis Baker f., Cat. Pl. Oban 4, 1913; Oxymitra obanensis (Baker f.) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 156, 1916; Richella obanensis (Baker f.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17 a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia obanensis (Baker f.) Steenis, Blumea 12 (2): 359, 1964. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State, Oban, Talbot P.A. 1246, 1911: holotype: BM [BM000547069]. = Popowia mangenotii Sillans, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 24: 578, 1953. Type. Central African Republic: Lobaye, Station de Boukoko, Boukokok, Tisserant C. (Équipe) 1285 , 14 Dec 1948: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: P [P00363339]; isolectotypes: BR n.v.; K[K000913654]; P[P00363338]. = Popowia mangenotii f. concolor Sillans, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 24: 580, 1953. Type. Central African Republic, Lobaye, Station de Boukoko, Boukokok, 5 Apr 1951. C. Tisserant (Équipe) 2062 : lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: P[P00363336]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000547068]; BR n.v., P[P003633385, P01985781]. Type. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord Kivu; Fort Beni à Semliki, Mildbraed G.W.J. 2213, 1907-1908: holotype: B[B100153056]. Description. Liana, up to 15 m tall or up to canopy, d.b.h. to 6 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense erect dark-brown hairs 0.9-1.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10.8-35 cm long, 3.3-7.5 cm wide, narrowly oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen up to 5 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below whitish blue, densely pubescent to pubescent with erect brown hairs when young, pubescent to glabrous when old, above pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above densely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 11 to 20 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, (1)2 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 18-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 18-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; basal bract ca. 2 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; upper bract 3-5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 3-5 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 12-22 mm long, 7-14 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, brown-violet, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9-14 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, ovate to rhombic, apex acute, base truncate, brown-violet, margins flat, glabrous but pubescent towards base outside, glabrous but pubescent towards the base inside; stamens 90 to 110, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, cuneate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 40 to 60, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 2-5 mm long, 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 5 to 15, 14-18 mm long, 34 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, densely pubescent, smooth, constricted around seeds when more than 1, glaucous green when ripe; seeds 1 to 2(3) per monocarp, 11-12 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread west and central African species, from Guinea to Ivory Coast, and from Cameroon to the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic and Uganda; in Cameroon recorded from Adamaoua, Central, East, Littoral, South, South-West regions. Habitat. A very common and widespread species; in primary and young or old secondary rain forests, or semi-deciduous forests, submontane forests, gallery forests and swamp forests. Altitude 0-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Mavembegne (Pygmée name, language not specified). Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis enghiana is usually distinguished by the narrowly oblong to oblanceolate leaves that are whitish-blue below, and the long dense dark-brown erect hairs on the young foliate branches, petioles and lower side of leaf blades. Some specimens have oblong leaves and can be confused with M. hirsuta when sterile. However, this latter species has much larger flowers (the petals being more than twice as long) and its thecae cover more than half the stamen length, while in M. enghiana the thecae are very short covering less than half the stamen length. Monanthotaxis enghiana is also morphologically close to M. dielsiana and M. glaucifolia, but clearly differs in the pubescence type. This is one of the most common species of Annonaceae across the forest region of Cameroon. It is generally encountered as a sapling on the forest floor. As for most lianas, it resembles a scrambling shrub when juvenile, sometimes forming large clumps. Selected specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: Mbakaou, 6.00°N, 12.88°E, 12 January 2017, Kamdem N. 465 (YA). Central Region: Mefou proposed national park Near Mefou town, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 08 March 2004, Cheek M. 11499 (K,YA); Ottotomo Forest reserve 7 km north-west from Ngoumou 30 km south west from Yaoundé, 3.65°N, 11.28°E, 24 February 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 986 (WAG,YA); Ngoro, 5.07°N, 11.22°E, 29 April 2017, Kamdem N. 499 (YA). East Region: 18 km NW of Doumé along road to Nguélémendouka, 4.23°N, 13.45°E, 24 November 1961, Breteler F.J. 2137 (BR,P,WAG,YA); 75 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.73°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1201 (MPU,WAG,YA); Palisco forest consession 15 km along main road into consession, 3.48°N, 13.59°E, 27 March 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 754 (WAG,YA); Deng Deng, 5.20°N, 13.13°E, 27 July 2014, Kamdem N. 167 (YA); Route Bertoua-Deng Deng à 6 km au Sud de Mambaya, 4.91°N, 13.76°E, 26 January 1961, Letouzey R. 3248 (P,YA); A 15 km au S de Djouo (20 km E de Somalomo sur le Dja), 3.32°N, 12.93°E, 23 February 1962, Letouzey R. 4359 (P,YA); A 20 km au S de Mvoy I (45 km à l’Est de Yokadouma), 3.31°N, 15.51°E, 16 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5071 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1176 (MPU,WAG,YA); Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On Djashaka trail, 4.35°N, 10.24°E, 13 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 618 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.91°N, 10.77°E, 19 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 653 (WAG,YA); Ebo forest reserve ca 2500 m on Dicam trail from Bekob camp, 4.34°N, 10.40°E, 11 March 2007, Wieringa J.J. 5898 (WAG). South Region: 20 km from Kribi 2 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.01°N, 10.05°E, 12 December 1969, Bos J.J. 5818 (WAG); 24 km from Kribi ca 3 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.03°N, 10.08°E, 31 March 1970, Bos J.J. 6653 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); 20 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.33°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 466 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 669 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 691 (WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.71°E, 27 February 1997, Parren M.P.E. 23 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 May 1913, Zenker G.A. 357 (M,P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, 21 May 1996, Cable S. 2523 (K); Gully by Daniel Ajang’s saprophyte site, 4.78°N, 9.716°E, 07 July 1996, Cable S. 3683 (K,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.502°E, 25 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1003 (WAG,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.09°N, 9.057°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1037 (WAG,YA); on forest trail north of Ngomboku village, 4.91°N, 9.730°E, 06 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1065 (WAG,YA); Etome, 4.05°N, 9.116°E, 31 January 1997, Nning J. 212 (K,MO,YA); Bakingili, 4.06°N, 9.033°E, 15 February 1997, Nning J. 259 (K,YA); Mahole, 4.81°N, 9.615°E, 29 November 1999, Onana J.M. 947 (K,MO,WAG,YA).Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 192-195, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.6143
Revealing the secrets of African annonaceae : systematics, evolution and biogeography of the syncarpous genera Isolona and Monodora
No full textThe goal of this PhD project was to study the evolution, systematics and biogeography of two African genera from the pan-tropical Annonaceae family: Isolona and Monodora. Both genera are unique within the family in that the female reproductive parts (or carpels) are fused into a single unit. All other Annonaceae have freely arranged carpels. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of Isolona and Monodora at the intra-familial and intra-generic levels. In Chapter 2, we explore the influence of priors when using the novel Bayesian based posterior mapping to study the evolution of morphological characters. Up to now, it was unclear if these priors had any influence on the results. Using a family level molecular phylogeny of the Annonaceae, we study the evolution of two morphological characters under different prior values. We show that different prior values will return different results. Thus, inadequate prior values can lead to erroneous conclusions over the evolution of the studied morphological characters. We also indicate a practical way to choose the prior values when using the posterior mapping approach to study morphological character evolution. In Chapter 3, using the posterior mapping approach, we study the evolutionary origins of syncarpy in Annonaceae. The closest relatives of Isolona and Monodora are elucidated. We generate a well resolved phylogeny which included for the first time the majority of African Annonaceae genera. We also study additional morphological and palynological characters relevant to Annonaceae classification in general. Our phylogenetic analyses recover a fully resolved clade comprising twelve endemic African genera, including Isolona and Monodora, which was nested within the so-called long-branch clade. This is the largest and most species-rich clade of African genera identified to date within Annonaceae. Our results indicate that syncarpy arose by fusion of a moderate number of carpels. The alternative hypothesis that syncarpy arose by multiplication of an initial single carpel receives no support. In Chapter 4 we use African Annonaceae as a model family to study the biogeographical aspects of the evolutionary origins of African rain forests. It is generally thought that the large West-Central rain forest blocks was continuous during the Eocene with the now fragmented and smaller forests of East Africa, explaining the strong floristic affinities between both areas. Using dated molecular phylogenies we provide evidence of the recurring break-up and reconnection of this pan-African rain forest during the Oligocene and Miocene. The reconnections allowed for biotic exchange while the break-ups induced speciation enhancing the levels of endemicity, thus providing an explanation for present-day patterns in the distribution and diversity of plants in African rain forests. In Chapter 5, we perform a detailed analysis of pollen morphology within a strongly supported monophyletic group of five African genera, including Isolona and Monodora. We specifically assess if pollen characters are useful for classification purposes within Isolona and Monodora using a species-level molecular phylogeny. The results show a wide pollen morphological diversity. The pollen types defined within Isolona and Monodora provide little taxonomic information for major clades within both genera. However, pollen variation proves useful as a support of phylogenetic relatedness between groups of closely related species. Finally in Chapter 6, a monographic revision of both Isolona and Monodora is presented. Isolona consists of 20 species with five endemic to Madagascar and one newly described species. Monodora has a total of 14 species, three of which were described during this PhD project from Tanzania. Detailed descriptions as well as keys are provided. The conservation status of each species is assessed following the IUCN recommendations. Just under half of the total number of species from both genera is assigned to some level of threat (12 species or 60% in Isolona and four species or 28% in Monodora). <br/
Revealing the secrets of African annonaceae : systematics, evolution and biogeography of the syncarpous genera Isolona and Monodora
No full textThe goal of this PhD project was to study the evolution, systematics and biogeography of two African genera from the pan-tropical Annonaceae family: Isolona and Monodora. Both genera are unique within the family in that the female reproductive parts (or carpels) are fused into a single unit. All other Annonaceae have freely arranged carpels. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of Isolona and Monodora at the intra-familial and intra-generic levels. In Chapter 2, we explore the influence of priors when using the novel Bayesian based posterior mapping to study the evolution of morphological characters. Up to now, it was unclear if these priors had any influence on the results. Using a family level molecular phylogeny of the Annonaceae, we study the evolution of two morphological characters under different prior values. We show that different prior values will return different results. Thus, inadequate prior values can lead to erroneous conclusions over the evolution of the studied morphological characters. We also indicate a practical way to choose the prior values when using the posterior mapping approach to study morphological character evolution. In Chapter 3, using the posterior mapping approach, we study the evolutionary origins of syncarpy in Annonaceae. The closest relatives of Isolona and Monodora are elucidated. We generate a well resolved phylogeny which included for the first time the majority of African Annonaceae genera. We also study additional morphological and palynological characters relevant to Annonaceae classification in general. Our phylogenetic analyses recover a fully resolved clade comprising twelve endemic African genera, including Isolona and Monodora, which was nested within the so-called long-branch clade. This is the largest and most species-rich clade of African genera identified to date within Annonaceae. Our results indicate that syncarpy arose by fusion of a moderate number of carpels. The alternative hypothesis that syncarpy arose by multiplication of an initial single carpel receives no support. In Chapter 4 we use African Annonaceae as a model family to study the biogeographical aspects of the evolutionary origins of African rain forests. It is generally thought that the large West-Central rain forest blocks was continuous during the Eocene with the now fragmented and smaller forests of East Africa, explaining the strong floristic affinities between both areas. Using dated molecular phylogenies we provide evidence of the recurring break-up and reconnection of this pan-African rain forest during the Oligocene and Miocene. The reconnections allowed for biotic exchange while the break-ups induced speciation enhancing the levels of endemicity, thus providing an explanation for present-day patterns in the distribution and diversity of plants in African rain forests. In Chapter 5, we perform a detailed analysis of pollen morphology within a strongly supported monophyletic group of five African genera, including Isolona and Monodora. We specifically assess if pollen characters are useful for classification purposes within Isolona and Monodora using a species-level molecular phylogeny. The results show a wide pollen morphological diversity. The pollen types defined within Isolona and Monodora provide little taxonomic information for major clades within both genera. However, pollen variation proves useful as a support of phylogenetic relatedness between groups of closely related species. Finally in Chapter 6, a monographic revision of both Isolona and Monodora is presented. Isolona consists of 20 species with five endemic to Madagascar and one newly described species. Monodora has a total of 14 species, three of which were described during this PhD project from Tanzania. Detailed descriptions as well as keys are provided. The conservation status of each species is assessed following the IUCN recommendations. Just under half of the total number of species from both genera is assigned to some level of threat (12 species or 60% in Isolona and four species or 28% in Monodora)
Piptostigma submontanum Ghogue, Sonke & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 208 2017
No full textPiptostigma submontanum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 208, 2017 Fig. 92; Map 12B Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; Rumpi Mountains, between Lokando and Dikome Balue, 30 km NNW Kumba, Letouzey R.G. 14535, 23 Mar 1976: holotype: YA[YA0002870]; isotype: P[P02032181]. Description. Tree, up to 25 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, tomentose, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 40-49 cm long, 16-23 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate to mucronate, acumen 0.8-1.3 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate and narrowly cordate, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 58 to 65 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, peduncle like base 10-18 mm long, axial internodes 2-5 mm long, compact, sympodial rachis 20-40 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-6 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit ca. 25 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, tomentose; basal bract 7-8 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bract 4-6 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-8 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, light yellow to red, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 50-60 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 15, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescence not seen. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 2, 20-30 mm long, 10-25 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, tomentose, bumpy, brown when ripe; seeds 6 to 8 per monocarp, 6-12 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Endemic to Cameroon; known from the South-West and Littoral regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species; in submontane rain forests. Altitude 900-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a r). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. See under P. calophyllum. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest Reserve Djuma camp Djashaka trail, 4.36°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 625 (WAG,YA). South-West Region: Edip to Kodmin ca 1 hour’s walk, 4.96°N, 9.666°E, 02 December 1998, Cheek M. 9177 (K,P,WAG,YA); Mount Kupe Kodmin, 4.96°N, 9.683°E, 21 November 1998, Gosline W.G. 198 (K,P,WAG,YA); Abang road and then right to forest, 4.93°N, 9.731°E, 11 December 1999, Gosline W.G. 256 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Entre Lokando (900 m) et Dikome Balue (1200 m) 30 km NNW-Kumba, 4.85°N, 9.28°E, 23 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14535 (P,YA); Rumpi Hills near Madie River, 4.94°N, 9.123°E, 22 February 1995, Thomas D.W. 10496 (K).Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 307-308, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.6143
Figure 1 from: Chen J, Eiadthong W (2020) New species and new records of Artabotrys (Annonaceae) from peninsular Thailand. PhytoKeys 151: 67-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.51643
No full textFigure 1 AArtabotrys hexapetalus, with condensed lateral inflorescence branches borne on a peduncle that barely resembles a hook BArtabotrys suaveolens, with elongate lateral inflorescence branches (LIf) borne on a conspicuously hooked peduncle. HF1: Hook leaf 1; HF2: Hook leaf 2 (H. Sauquet HS164). Photos: A J. Chen B T.L.P. Couvreur
Uvariopsis citrata Couvreur & Niangadouma, PhytoKeys 68: 1 - 8 2016
No full textUvariopsis citrata Couvreur & Niangadouma, PhytoKeys 68: 1-8, 2016 Fig. 129; Map 15I Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Monts de Cristal, near first bridge after Kinguélé village, 0°46'66"N, 10°27'81"E, Couvreur T.L.P 1143, 14 Jun 2016: holotype: WAG; isotypes: LBV, P. Description. Tree, 4-10 m tall, d.b.h. 3-10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, pubescent when young, pubescent to glabrous when old, grooved on top, blade inserted on top of the petiole, strong lemon scent when crushed; blade 31.2-50 cm long, 8.8-12 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 2-3 cm long, base subcordate to cordate, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 17 to 19 pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious; inflorescences cauliflorous, sparsely spaced along the trunk mostly towards the lower half of the trunk. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, ovoid to conical in bud, 1 to 2 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences similar; pedicel 0-2 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit unknown; bracts up to 3, all basal, 1-2 mm long, 4 mm wide; sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, enclosing the petals in bud, 9-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, narrowly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent with hairs appressed outside, densely pubescent or glabrous towards base inside, margins flat; petals 4, 7-15 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brownish-greenish-yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; male flowers: stamen number unknown, 0.5 mm long, oblong, connective truncate, glabrous, pale yellow; female flowers: carpels free, ca. 60, ovary 4-5 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide, densely pubescent with long appressed hairs, stigma cylindrical coiled. Fruits unknown. Distribution. A species only known from southern Cameroon and two localities in Gabon (Monts de Cristal National Park, Mbé sector); in Cameroon known from the South Region. Habitat. A rare species; in mature or old secondary forests near rivers in periodically flooded soils, in flat valley bottoms or in well-drained forests on slope. Altitude 60-300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Ntala (Yaoundé, Letouzey 9017); Kakangula (Bagielli Pygmies, Letouzey 9017). IUCN conservation status. Data deficient (DD) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a x), but this assessment didn’t take in account the two specimens cited here form Cameroon. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis citrata resembles U. sessiliflora by its (sub)sessile flowers (pedicels 0-2 mm long), but is easily distinguished by its strong lemon scent, longer leaves (31-50 vs 12-18 cm) and (sub)cordate leaf base (vs acute). The strong lemon scent is unique in the genus. This character has also been reported in Uvariodendron angustifolium and in U. molundense var. citrata (endemic to Gabon). This species was suggested to be endemic to Gabon (Couvreur and Niangadouma 2016), however we identified two specimens from southern Cameroon that fit this species morphologically (young foliate branches pubescent; leaves ca. 35 cm long and sessile ovoid flowers). Neither specimen mentions the citrus scent of the leaves. Letouzey 9017 however does mention that the leaves emit a strong smell when crushed, and the leaves are used to prepare fish dishes which gives them an "aromatic taste" (translated from French, “goût aromatique"). Specimens examined. South Region: A 15 km au SSE de Zingui (soit à 50 km au SE de Kribi), 2.82°N, 10.97°E, 14 March 1968, Letouzey R. 9017 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Bibabimvoto, 2.21°N, 10.01°E, 13 May 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2869 (KRIBI,WAG,YA).Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 409-411, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.6143
Annickia affinis Versteegh & Sosef, Syst. & Geogr. Pl. 77 (1): 95 2007
No full textAnnickia affinis (Exell) Versteegh & Sosef, Syst. & Geogr. Pl. 77(1): 95, 2007 Figs 5, 7; Map 1B ≡ Enantia affinis Exell, J. Bot. 64, Suppl.: 9, 1926. Enantia chlorantha soyauxii = Enantia chlorantha (Oliv.) Setten & Maas var. soyauxii Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 70 1901. Type. Gabon. Estuaire, Munda, Sibange Farm, Soyaux H. 125, 21 Sep 1880: lectotype, designated by Versteegh and Sosef (2007), p. 95: B n.v.; isolectotypes: K[K001208605]; P[P00267979]. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Munze, ring at Buco Zau, Gossweiler J. 6675, 11 Sep 1916: holotype K[not seen]: isotypes: BM[BM000547034]; COI[COI00004913]; LISC[LISC000073, LISC000072, LISC000075, LISC000074]. Description. Tree, 3-30 m tall, d.b.h. 3-50 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, slash yellow. Indumentum of simple, bifid and fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 3.5-26 cm long, 1.5-9.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1 cm long, base narrowly cuneate to shortly attenuate, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, below pubescent when young and old with simple or bifid hairs pointing towards the leaf apex, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 13 pairs, sparsely pubescent below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 7-14 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 27 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 1-2, basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals absent; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-33 mm long, 5-15 mm wide, ovate to inversely Y-shaped ridged, apex acute, base broad and concave, greenish yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 110 to 175, in 5 to 6 rows, 2-4 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, glabrous, yellow; staminodes absent; carpels free, 35 to 70, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma lobed, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 10-40 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 34, 20-35 mm long, 9-14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to obovoid, apex sometimes mucronate, sparsely pubescent, smooth, glossy, black when ripe; seed 1, ca. 30 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Nigeria (one collection) to the Republic of Congo and the extreme west of the Democratic Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Littoral, Center and South-West regions. Habitat. A very common species; in lowland rain forests in primary and secondary habitats. Altitude 50-650 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Bololo, Bonuke, Bunuku bolobo (dial. Duala); Bululu, Mfo, Pobalo, Ufol, Moabé (dials. Ewondo, Bulu); M’Fo, Mofo, Mpuley (dial. Mab Kwasio, Foury 113, Service Forestier du Cameroun 84, Bates 1959); N’jie (Dials. Duala, Punu); Ogowa (Punguegaloa, De Wilde 8492); Moabi jaune (French); évué (dial. Bibaya, Baka). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a). Uses in Cameroon. medicine: bark as a malaria prophylaxis; construction: house building, furniture; dyes and tannins: as a yellow dye (Versteegh and Sosef 2007). Notes. Annickia affinis is distinguished by having overall glabrous branches and petioles and the lower side of the leaf blades which is sparsely pubescent with simple or bifid hairs pointing in the same direction. Annickia affinis is morphologically close to A. chlorantha from which it is distinguished by having a glabrous upper midrib surface (versus pilose in A. chlorantha). In addition, A. chlorantha has few simple hairs pointing in different directions combined with smaller bifid or trifid hairs. Annickia affinis is the most common species of Annickia and is generally found as a young plant in secondary forest, or as an adult in older secondary or primary forests. For a long time (and still now) Annickia affinis was confused with A. chlorantha (or even Enantia chlorantha), but the latter name is attributed to a different and rarer species (Versteegh and Sosef 2007). Thus, most literature refers to the old name A. (Enantia) Enantia chlorantha when referring to A. affinis (the common and widespread species). Previous reports of A. chlorantha outside Nigeria and Cameroon (e.g. Gabon) refer to A. affinis. Selected specimens examined. Central Region: near Ebolbom village 3 km est of Ngoumou 2 km north west of Otélé, 3.59°N, 11.28°E, 02 May 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 426 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 3 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 02 May 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 437 (WAG,YA); Mefou Proposed National Park, 3.62°N, 11.57°E, 15 March 2004, Etuge M. 5139 (K,YA); Mbam Minkom, 3.96°N, 11.36°E, 19 September 2013, Kamdem N. 143 (YA); Nguila 1, 4.77°N, 11.75°E, 30 April 2017, Kamdem N. 521 (YA); Colline entre Tcherikoy et Sokelle II (30 km NW Eséka), 3.78°N, 10.96°E, 14 December 1973, Letouzey R. 12361 (P,YA). East Region: 77 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.72°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1203 (MPU,WAG,YA); Deng Deng, 5.21°N, 13.44°E, 19 April 2016, Kamdem N. 422 (YA); 16 km E de Dimako, 4.38°N, 13.57°E, 15 December 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 7355 (BR,K,MO,P,PHA,WAG,YA); 15 km E of Dimako, 4.38°N, 13.57°E, 08 February 1966, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 7787 (BR,C,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Route Mintom I (70 km E de Djoum)- Alati (100 km SE de Djoum)-PK 63, 2.83°N, 13.35°E, 01 January 1973, Letouzey R. 11751 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On Djuma-Djuma trail, 4.33°N, 10.24°E, 14 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 621 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.90°N, 10.77°E, 20 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 657 (WAG,YA). South Region: Ebolowa, 2.96°N, 11.28°E, 01 January 1925, Bates G.L. 1959 (BM,BR,MO); on road Lolodorf-Bipindi ca half way near Mbiguiligui village (Mbikiliki), 3.16°N, 10.53°E, 26 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1153 (P,WAG,YA); 22 km east from Lélé village, 3.26°N, 10.10°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 469 (WAG,YA); ca 15 km east from Lélé village, 2.26°N, 13.29°E, 09 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 492 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 671 (WAG,YA); A 6 km à l’ouest de Masea (village situé à 50 km au SSW de Yokadouma), 3.14°N, 14.86°E, 05 July 1963, Letouzey R. 5412 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an area road Nko-elon-Mvini Akok Beryat rock, 2.36°N, 10.25°E, 30 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3784 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3839 (BM,BR,K,MO,P). South-West Region: Ekundu Kundu, 5.15°N, 8.883°E, 30 April 1996, Cheek M. 8297 (K,WAG,YA); Mungo river forest reserve North of Kumba-Tombel road entered ca 05 km West of Mungo bridge, 4.73°N, 9.55°E, 24 October 1998, Cheek M. 9354 (YA); Foot of Nyale Rock, 4.98°N, 9.616°E, 17 November 1998, Cheek M. 9654 (K,YA); on trail through palm oil plantation 3 km before lava flow and Seme Beach hotel when coming from Limbe, 4.05°N, 9.076°E, 18 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 519 (WAG,YA); Kupe village to Loum State Forest, 4.73°N, 9.716°E, 30 May 1996, Etuge M. 2049 (K,WAG,YA); Nyale forest and rock, 5°N, 9.633°E, 15 February 1998, Etuge M. 4235 (K,YA); Edensueh forest, 5.25°N, 9.576°E, 30 November 2000, Etuge M. 4850 (K); Kumba-Mbonge road 500 m W of Meme River bridge between Bole and Mabonji, 4.55°N, 9.25°E, 07 July 1986, Thomas D.W. 6327 (MO); Baro village, 5.27°N, 9.21°E, 03 March 1988, Thomas D.W. 7494 (K,MO,P,WAG).Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.6143
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