893 research outputs found
Radiative transfer modeling in structurally-complex stands: what aspects matter most?: Dataset
No full textThis repository is linked to the paper "Radiative transfer modeling in structurally-complex stands: what aspects matter most?" submitted to Annals of Forest Science and written by Frédéric ANDRÉ (corresponding author), Louis DE WERGIFOSSE, François DE COLIGNY, Nicolas BEUDEZ, Gauthier LIGOT, Vincent GAUTHRAY-GUYÉNET, Benoit COURBAUD and Mathieu JONARD.
The repository contains the three following files :
CalibrationResults.csv: Bayes factors and summary statistics of parameter estimates for each calibration run
ParameterPosteriorDistributions.csv: median values and 90% credible intervals for the parameter posterior distributions
StatisticalComparison.csv: statistics (Fractional bias, Root mean square error, Paired Student test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Parameters of the Deming regression between observed and predicted values) used to compare the 'Best model configurations'
For more information concerning this repository or the study, please do not hesitate to contact Frédéric ANDRÉ ([email protected]) or Mathieu JONARD ([email protected])
Scaling up qualitative data: with Professor Ken Benoit
No full textProfessor Benoit is the Principal Investigator in an ERC funded project QUANTESS developing innovative methods for the quantitative analysis of textual data in the social sciences. He is the co-author with Paul Nulty of the R software package for text analysis “quanteda”, and working on a book Quantitative Text Analysis Using R covering methods for managing, processing, and analysing textual data using the R programming language. He has taught quantitative text analysis extensively and has published research in this area targeting both methodology and political science applications
Thesium philosophicarum fasciculus
No full textquem ... praeside ... Io. Friderico Benoit ... publicè tutabitur Ioh. Rodolphus Kochius, HBernas, phil. stud. author & respondens, ad diem 5. Martii ...Diss. Hohe Schule Bern, 171
Perturbations, diversité et permanence des structures dans les écosystèmes forestiers
No full textThis study deals with the effects of disturbances on population and community structures in order to examine the relevance of implementing sylviculture treatments that may mimic natural disturbances. On the one hand, such a debate requires to deepen our understanding of the connection between patterns and processes. On the other hand, it also requires to develop concepts/tools shared both by ecologist and manger to evaluate the consequences of different ecological/management scenarios involving disturbances. In the first part, we study the disturbance-diversity relationship in plant communities. We show with simple patch models that such a relationship depends on (i) the nature of competitive interactions (founder effect, competitive hierarchy, indetermination in competitive interaction) (ii) the coexistence mechanisms (niche succession, competition-colonisation trade-offs), (iii) the mechanisms involved in the colonisation process (immigration, negative frequency dependence, recruitment limitation) and (iv) the indices of diversity (species richness, Shannon diversity index). We conclude that, to be more effective, mechanistic hypothesis encompassing all these features should be prefer to the less-informative Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis. Some research and management guidelines based on patch dynamics are proposed in the context of spruce-fir forests (north French Alps). In the second part, we recall stability concepts (equilibrium, resistance, resilience, temporal stability, persistence and permanence) usually used to characterise ecological systems experiencing one or several disturbance events. We emphasise the non-equilibrium concept of permanence that focuses on systems behaviour near specified boundaries. With an individual based model of spruce stands dynamics, we tested several damages scenarios and investigated their consequences on the permanence of stability properties (resistance to windstorms (diameters diversity, heights diversity), elasticity (cover of seedlings and saplings)) and protective function indicators (protection rock falls (sum of diameters) and against snow avalanches (maximum gap area)). Our results corroborate that high stability properties and high protective effects are not necessarily related. The main conclusion is that permanence of indicators depends on (i) the spatial configuration of damages (aggregated/random), (ii) the magnitude of damages and (iii) the nature of the hazard. Although not optimal, sylvicultural treatments based on gaps may be more effective to maintain high resistance, high resilience and effective protective function in mountain forests. As a conclusion, we highlight the idea that both permanence and gap (patch) dynamics may be useful concepts to investigate the relevance of mimicking natural disturbance in managed forests.Cette thèse traite de l'impact des perturbations naturelles et anthropiques sur les structures des populations et des communautés afin de discuter la problématique d'une gestion forestière qui s'inspire des - et compose avec les - perturbations naturelles. En première partie, nous étudions les effets d'un gradient de perturbations sur la diversité des communautés de plantes. A l'aide de modèles de dynamique en patchs ("patch models"), nous montrons que la relation perturbations-diversité dépend des mécanismes de compétition (hiérarchie compétitive, "founder effect"), des mécanismes de coexistence (compromis entre compétition et colonisation, niche de succession), des mécanismes affectant le processus de colonisation (limitation par le recrutement, fréquence dépendance négative des taux de colonisation et immigration) et enfin des mesures de diversité privilégiées (richesse en espèce, diversité de Shannon). L'élaboration d'hypothèses mécanistes intégrant les caractéristiques de l'agent de perturbations (dont les actions anthropiques), les descripteurs utilisés (intensité, fréquence, stochasticité etc.), les traits de vie des espèces, les mécanismes de coexistence et les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques contrôlés permettraient d'affiner les prédictions qualitatives et quantitatives sur la relation perturbations-diversité et de favoriser ainsi leurs dimensions opérationnelles. En seconde partie, nous rappelons différents concepts (équilibre, résistance, résilience, persistance, constance, permanence) permettant de caractériser le comportement des systèmes en présence de perturbations. Nous présentons une méthode d'analyse basée sur le concept de permanence qui permet d'évaluer différents scénarios écologiques ou scénarios de gestion. La permanence consiste à se focaliser sur le comportement des variables lorsque ces dernières sont proches de valeurs jugées critiques (ex. extinction d'une espèce). Nous appliquons cette méthode d'évaluation à la problématique des forêts de protection dans les Alpes du Nord. A partir d'un modèle de dynamique de pessières d'altitude, nous testons différents scénarios de gestion (prélèvements agrégés/aléatoire, différents taux de prélèvements) et déterminons leurs conséquences sur la dynamique d'indicateurs de propriétés de stabilité (diversité des hauteurs, diversité des diamètres) et d'indicateurs de fonction de protection (somme des diamètres pour les chutes de blocs, taille des trouées pour les avalanches). La possibilité d'améliorer conjointement propriétés de stabilité et efficacité de protection dépend de la nature et de l'intensité des interventions ainsi que du type de danger. Cette partie permet d'illustrer une réflexion de gestion basée sur des compromis plutôt que sur l'optimisation simultanée d'un ensemble d'indicateurs. En conclusion, nous replaçons nos résultats dans le contexte d'une gestion qui s'appuie sur la connaissance du processus de perturbation. La notion de dynamique en patchs (trouées) et la notion de permanence représentent, selon nous, des cadres conceptuels et méthodologiques intéressant pour établir un pont entre écologie des perturbations et gestion forestière. Nous ouvrons des perspectives de recherche à partir de l'exemple des sapinières-pessières dans les Alpes du Nord, exemple qui intègre à la fois la problématique de la coexistence des espèces et celle de la réalisation des fonctions de production et de protection dans des écosystèmes gérés où dominent les perturbations par le vent
Fables de La Fontaine: Une Anthologie proposée par Benoit Marchon
No full textHere are forty-three fables presented by an artist I have enjoyed twice elsewhere. The book's unusual shape (6½ x 10¾) is the first clue that it is going to present traditional material in a fresh way. Almost every presentation involves two pages and clever positioning of a few key images. GA (10-11) presents an ant with a sack of grain on his back marching across the page above a grasshopper moving upwards with a guitar on his back: character, load, and direction are all different. FC presents a cheese with its owner's name struck through and changed from Corbeau to Renard (12-13). WS shows a stork with a scissors for a head beside an x-ray of a wolf's digestive tract with the bone lodged down the throat (22-23). The spilt milk of MM is blotting out drawings of hens, pig, and cow (30-31). The surreal style fits the approach perfectly. Sometimes I have no idea why an object is presented the way Jarrie presents it; other times it is perfect. The bull in OF holds the frog by a tether as though the latter were a helium-filled balloon (32-33). Maybe best of all is The Rat and the Elephant (50-51). The elephant is segmented to make room for the text. Between the elephant's legs, mostly hidden from us, a cat reaches out a paw for the minuscule rat under the elephant's big belly. For sheer fun, try The Lion Defeated by a Man (78-79). The book has a place-holding ribbon, a short life of both La Fontaine and of Jarrie, and a helpful glossary of unusual language in the fables. This book fulfills its rear cover's promise of a fresh entry into a fabulous zoological park. Bravo, Jarrie!This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: FrenchJean de La Fontaine; Benoit Marcho
L’écriture impliquée: nouvelle forme de l’engagement littéraire chez fatou diome, Léonora Miano et Marie Ndiaye
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-18Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107270
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:37:00Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107270
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:42:08Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemCette thèse propose d’expliciter les manières dont l’implication se manifeste dans les textes de Fatou Diome, Léonora Miano et Marie NDiaye. Dans un contexte français de résurgence de l’engagement littéraire, elle exprime des manières d’intervenir par l’écriture sur des problèmes sociaux ou politiques qui traversent la société. L’originalité de notre thèse tient à l’intérêt d’avoir privilégié le contexte d’écriture de ces auteures. En effet, la critique des littératures africaines francophones lie l’émergence de nouvelles formes d’écriture, à partir de années quatre-vingt, à la présence des auteurs de cette littérature dans un espace qui n’est plus africain mais essentiellement parisien. Le choix de l’implication nous permet d’inscrire les écrivaines choisies pour notre analyse dans un lieu témoin de pratiques d’écritures nouvelles qui montrent des préoccupations qui ne sont plus uniquement d’ordre esthétique.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Malyoune Benoit, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-18 at 07:03.The student, Malyoune Benoit, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-04-18 at 07:11.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-04-18 at 17:39.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12334 on 2018-08-31 at 17:20:24U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107270 on 2020-09-05T09:15:26Z
L'étude des cadastres antiques : à propos d'Olbia de Provence
No full textThe study of antique cadastres : namely about Olbia in Provence
The knowledge about the way land is occupied, as well in uran as rural areas, gain increasing importance with the actual approach to antique societies. The study of Greek and Roman cadastres in the Mediterrannean contour concern also Southern Gaul, not without arising problems of method about their identification, their restitution and their dating. Starting from his recent cadastral analysis of the territory surrounding the Marseilles foundation at Olbia. J. Benoit remains reserved about the reliability, the limits, even the dangers of the diverse techniques of investigation generally in practice.
Inside a zone where cadastre is established, to the North of Olbia, J. Benoit has dissociated the area situated to the North- North-East of the antique settlement. After a critical interpretation and Mediterranean wide comparaisons, the author delimits an area relatively restricted (750 acres), spreading from the sea to the mountain, regulated by a rectangular module 105x52,5 m. This cadastre most probably established on the basic mesure of a foot of 29,6 cm, could belong to a periode of Greek colonization (middle of the fourth - beginning of the first century B. C).La connaissance des modes de l'occupation des sols, tant urbaine que rurale, prend de plus en plus d'importance dans l'approche actuelle des sociétés antiques. L'étude des cadastrations grecques et romaines du pourtour méditerranéen concerne également le Midi gaulois, non sans poser plusieurs problèmes de méthode pour leur identification, leur restitution et leur datation. Partant de ses récentes analyses sur la cadastration du territoire alentour de la fondation massaliote d'Olbia, J. Benoit s'interroge, en premier lieu, sur la fiabilité, les limites, voire les dangers des diverses techniques d'investigation généralement usitées.
A l'intérieur d'une zone cadastrée au Nord d'Olbia, J. Benoit dissocie celle située au Nord-Nord-Est de l'agglomération antique. Après une interprétation critique et des comparaisons méditerranéennes, l'auteur délimite une aire relativement réduite (305 ha), s'étalant entre mer et montagne, rythmée selon un module rectangulaire de 105 x 52,5 m. Ce cadastre, très probablement édifié sur la mesure d'un pied de 29,6 cm, pourrait se rapporter à l'époque de colonisation grecque (milieu du IVème - début du Ier s. av. J.-C).Benoit Jean. L'étude des cadastres antiques : à propos d'Olbia de Provence. In: Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, vol. 8, 1985. pp. 25-48
Solving eigenvalue response matrix equations with nonlinear techniques
No full textThis paper presents new algorithms for use in the eigenvalue response matrix method (ERMM) for reactor eigenvalue problems. ERMM spatially decomposes a domain into independent nodes linked via boundary conditions approximated as truncated orthogonal expansions, the coefficients of which are response functions. In its simplest form, ERMM consists of a two-level eigenproblem: an outer Picard iteration updates the k-eigenvalue via balance, while the inner λ -eigenproblem imposes neutron balance between nodes. Efficient methods are developed for solving the inner λ-eigenvalue problem within the outer Picard iteration. Based on results from several diffusion and transport benchmark models, it was found that the Krylov-Schur method applied to the λ -eigenvalue problem reduces Picard solver times (excluding response generation) by a factor of 2–5. Furthermore, alternative methods, including Picard acceleration schemes, Steffensen’s method, and Newton’s method, are developed in this paper. These approaches often yield faster k-convergence and a need for fewer k-dependent response function evaluations, which is important because response generation is often the primary cost for problems using responses computed online (i.e., not from a precomputed database). Accelerated Picard iteration was found to reduce total computational times by 2–3 compared to the unaccelerated case for problems dominated by response generation. In addition, Newton’s method was found to provide nearly the same performance with improved robustness
Dissecting Aliens, Imagining Futures. Rethinking the 1995 Roswell Autopsy Video Hoax
No full textQuesto articolo si ispira alla teoria delle apocalissi culturali di Ernesto De Martino per analizzare il video di una presunta "autopsia aliena" girato a Roswell nel dopoguerra e diffuso nel 1995 come preteso "found footage" che avrebbe documentato la presenza di alieni sulla Terra. L'articolo si concentra sulla costruzione della presunta veridicità che ha accompagnato la diffusione del video, inquadrando le narrazioni su UFO e alieni come espressione di ansie collettive e interrogativi riguardanti temi quali l’esobiologia, le teorie sull'anomia successiva a un possibile contatto con forme di vita extraterrestre e l'ingegneria genetica. Attraverso il caso del video di Roswell, l’articolo esplora come la figura dell'alieno sia stata integrata in diverse visioni escatologiche e concezioni di futuri interplanetari. La ricerca approfondisce inoltre l’analisi sull'ambizione dell’ufologia di ottenere una legittimazione scientifica e sulla sua diffidenza verso il potere e le istituzioni, tracciando parallelismi e divergenze tra i discorsi sugli UFO e quelli legati ai generi del fantastico. Per illustrare questi punti, la ricerca analizza anche un episodio del programma televisivo "Mixer", trasmesso dalla rete nazionale italiana, che presentò in diretta il video dell’autopsia aliena durante la seconda serata, scatenando polemiche riguardanti le prerogative del servizio pubblico. Infine, l'articolo propone un'autoetnografia dell'autore, riflettendo sulla ricezione del video all'interno di un contesto personale per evidenziare come questo falso documentario sia riuscito a stimolare dibattiti su concetti quali l’autorità epistemica e il pensiero trascendente.This article draws on Ernesto De Martino's theory of cultural apocalypses to analyze a video of a supposed "alien autopsy" filmed in post-war Roswell and released in 1995 as alleged "found footage," claiming to document the presence of aliens on Earth. The article focuses on the construction of the presumed authenticity that accompanied the video's dissemination, framing UFO and alien narratives as expressions of collective anxieties and questions related to themes such as exobiology, theories of anomie following potential contact with extraterrestrial life, and genetic engineering. Through the case of the Roswell video, the article explores how the figure of the alien has been integrated into various eschatological visions and concepts of interplanetary futures.
The research further delves into Ufology's ambition to achieve scientific legitimacy and its distrust of power and institutions, drawing parallels and distinctions between discourses on UFOs and those found in the genres of speculative fiction. To illustrate these points, the study also examines an episode of the Italian national television program "Mixer," which aired the alien autopsy video during prime-time, sparking debates over the role of public broadcasting. Finally, the article offers an autoethnography by the author, reflecting on the personal reception of the video to highlight how this fake documentary succeeded in provoking discussions on concepts such as epistemic authority and transcendental thought
Les objets de la vie quotidienne à Entremont chez Fernand Benoit et aujourd'hui
No full textEveryday objects from Fernand Benoit's excavations and recent work at Entremont. The conference which is in honour of the memory of Fernand Benoit and the fiftieth anniversary of the excavations at Entremont, presents the opportunity to consider the ways in which Fernand Benoit assessed the role of artisan objects and everyday life. His understanding of urban development relied on the presence of workshop structures and the objects and tools which lead him to define (sometimes with reticence) functional and social differences between the two parts of the town. Using the example of iron, we compare the quantitative and qualitative contributions of the early and more recent excavations. An analysis of the spatial distribution allows us to breach the rigid functional division that divides the two areas of the town. This also gives us the opportunity to follow up the discussion regarding the identification of room 2 in block 29 as a primitive shrine or a domestic and craft deposit. The author supports the latter interpretation through a detailed reconsideration of the data including sometimes-unpublished material. Finally, this anniversary prompts us to consider the future for the research that needs to be carried out in this area.Le colloque, organisé à la mémoire de Fernand Benoit pour le cinquantième anniversaire des fouilles d'Entremont, offre l'opportunité d'observer le rôle qu'ont joué les objets de l'artisanat et de la vie quotidienne dans la pensée et l'œuvre de Fernand Benoit. Sa compréhension du développement urbanistique de la ville s'appuie sur la présence des structures artisanales, des objets et des outils qui le pousse à définir, parfois avec réticence, une différence fonctionnelle et sociale entre les deux parties de la ville. Avec l'exemple du fer, on compare ici les apports quantitatifs et qualitatifs des fouilles anciennes et récentes. Une étude de répartition permet de battre en brèche une répartition fonctionnelle trop stricte entre les deux quartiers de la ville. L'occasion est aussi offerte de poursuivre la discussion sur l'identification de la pièce 2 de l'îlot 29, en tant que sanctuaire primitif ou dépotoir domestique et artisanal. L'auteur plaide pour cette dernière interprétation en reprenant dans le détail les indices, parfois inédits, pouvant fonder l'analyse. Enfin, cet anniversaire incite à faire le point des travaux qu'il reste à engager dans ce domaine.Willaume Martine. Les objets de la vie quotidienne à Entremont chez Fernand Benoit et aujourd'hui. In: Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, vol. 21, 1998. Entremont et les Salyens. Actes du colloque d'Aix-en-Provence 5-6 avril 1996. pp. 58-61
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