73 research outputs found
Search for parity violation in deep-inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by unpolarized deuterons
No full textAtwood WB, Cottrell RLA, DeStaebler H, et al. Search for parity violation in deep-inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by unpolarized deuterons. Phys.Rev. D. 1978;18(7):2223-2226
A Search for Parity Violation in the Inelastic Scattering of Polarized Electrons from Deuterium at 19.4-GeV
No full textPrescott CY, Atwood WB, Cottrell RLA, et al. A Search for Parity Violation in the Inelastic Scattering of Polarized Electrons from Deuterium at 19.4-GeV. In: AIP Conf. Proc. Vol 35. AIP; 1976: 315-320
Prepared Statement for the National Mediation Board Open Meeting Re: RLA Rulemaking Docket No. C 6964
No full textTestimony before the NMB hearings on the proposed rule change to the RLA that recommend changing the voting standard from the majority of eligible voters to the majority of votes cast. The testimony summarized findings from the first ever national academic study of organizing under the RLA. Based on findings that showed that under the RLA standard greater employer suppression is correlated with lower turnout while under the NLRB standard both the union and the employer work aggressively for high turn out, the author argued for changing the voting standard to majority of votes cast
A Search for Parity Violation in the Inelastic Scattering of Polarized Electrons from Deuterium at 19.4-GeV
No full textPrescott CY, Atwood WB, Cottrell RLA, et al. A Search for Parity Violation in the Inelastic Scattering of Polarized Electrons from Deuterium at 19.4-GeV. In: Bogolyubov NN, Dzhelepov VP, Kadyshevsky VG, et al., eds. Proceedings, XVIII International Conference on High-Energy Physics Volume 2: July 15-21, 1976 Tbilisi, USSR. 1976: B55-B56
Microbes in the mucosa: impacts of the mucosal immune system and oral vaccination with Lactobacillus acidophilus on the gut microbiome
No full text2021 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.The mucosal immune system is constantly balancing between the clearance of pathogens, tolerance of self-antigen and food, and maintenance of homeostasis within the microbiota. Vaccination via mucosal routes is advantageous because it provides protection at local mucosal sites and systemically. However, induction of efficacious responses are often difficult due to the inherent barriers of the mucosal tissues. We have developed a probiotic-based mucosal vaccination platform that utilizes recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus (rLA) to overcome these obstacles presented in oral vaccination. Here, we sought to determine whether repeated administration of rLA alters the intestinal microbiome as a result of L. acidophilus probiotic activity (direct competition and selective exclusion) or from the host's mucosal immune response against the rLA vaccine. To address the latter, IgA-seq was employed to characterize shifts in IgA-bound bacterial populations. Additionally, we determined whether using rice bran as a prebiotic would influence the immunogenicity of the vaccine and/or IgA bound bacterial populations. Our results show that the prebiotic influenced the kinetics of rLA antibody induction, and that the rLA platform does not cause lasting disturbances to the microbiome. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) has presented itself as an essential regulator of immune responses within the gastrointestinal tract. This innate immune receptor is expressed by several cell types, including both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells within the gastrointestinal tract. Mice harboring knockouts of NOD2 only in CD11c+ cells were used to better characterize NOD2 signaling during mucosal vaccination with rLA. We show that NOD2 signaling in CD11c+ cells is critical for mounting a humoral immune response against rLA. Additionally, disruption of NOD2 signaling in CD11c+ cells results in an altered bacterial microbiome profile in both vaccinated and unvaccinated mice
Electric Rocket Launcher Aircraft—Drone-Launched Short Range Rocket System
No full textThis paper is concerned with the idea of a significant improvement of state-of-the-art short-range rockets by means of using rocket artillery systems. Such a system consists of a rocket launcher aircraft (RLA) and a drone-launched short range rocket (DLSRR). An RLA is a reusable first stage of a military rocket. A DLSRR is the expendable second stage, which flies to the target. RLA-DLSRR systems have not yet been built, but they have been described in previous works by the author. State-of-the-art rocket systems are completely expendable and, hence, extremely expensive. No rocket artillery system with a reusable first stage has been built so far. Civilian spaceships with reusable first stages have been successful since 2015. In an electrically pumped rocket engine, the fuel and oxidizer are pumped into a combustion chamber by an electric-motor-driven pump. The electric motor is powered by a battery bank. Electrically pumped rocket engines would further decrease the cost of RLA-DLSRR systems. These engines are less expensive and more reliable then conventional rocket engines. In the present paper, it is shown that commercially available lithium polymer battery banks, as well as high specific power electric motors, provide sufficient power for the rocket engines needed for RLA-DLSRR systems. In the example given, it is calculated that an ERLA–DLSRR system with a liftoff mass of 15 tons can deliver a 210 kg payload to a range of up to 567 km with an impact velocity of up to 2415 m/s
International approaches to literacy for gender empowerment : a review of the literature and analysis in relation to Timor-Leste : a research project presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Development, Development Studies, Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
No full textAfter 400 years of colonial rule and illegal occupation Timor-Leste gained independence (World Bank, 2004). However, in the wake of this, as they sought to rebuild the country, the newly founded government was faced with numerous development challenges, such as wide spread illiteracy and a non-existent education system. Given this non-existent education system and the extent of illiteracy noted more in the rural areas and in relation to women, part of the solution to addressing the issue was to implement informal literacy programmes. It was argued that increasing women?s literacy was an important strategy for increasing women?s social, political and economic participation and achieving empowerment (Olufunke, 2011). However there are also debates contesting that participation in literacy programmes automatically leads to the empowerment of women, rather the programmes on offered need to be understood in the context of the place where they are being delivered (Stromquist, 2002).
With this in mind this research project seeks to critically explore firstly, international approaches to adult literacy with a specific focus on gender and empowerment, and secondly, the relevance of these international approaches to adult literacy as an empowering tool in relation to women in Timor-Leste. This desk-based exploration unpacks four international approaches to adult literacy, which come under the umbrella of critical literacy approaches, these are: „New Literacy Studies? (NLS), „Real Literacies Approach? (RLA), the „REFLECT? Method, and the „Community Literacy Approach? (CLA). These four approaches are critically discussed in relation to women?s empowerment focusing specifically on debates by Rowlands (1995, 1997) and Kabeer (1999), who draw on Freire?s (1970) concept of empowerment, conscientization.
Having interrogated these four approaches I then reflected upon them in terms of the Timor-Leste situation, focusing specifically on issues of effectiveness and appropriateness. I conclude that rural women can experience empowerment through participation in adult literacy programmes. In considering the REFLECT Method, the common empowerment dimensions experienced are the personal sphere or dimension (Rowlands, 1995, 1997), the achievement dimension (Kabeer, 1999), with evidence of „conscientization? or critical consciousness (Freire, 1970). The REFLECT Method is thus considered to be the most appropriate and effective
approach to adult literacy and gender in Timor-Leste. However, this approach can also be combined with other approaches (in particular the RLA), which is implemented nationwide in Timor-Leste. However it is important to note that literacy itself does not guarantee empowerment, there is a need to think beyond literacy and how (within) this process women can access their fundamental rights, as well as possibilities of power (Archer, 2002)
Safe Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Fixed-Wing Flight Control
No full textAs a branch of machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) has gained interest among researchers in the field of flight control. Flat reinforcement learning (FRL) methods often require many samples to achieve the desired training result, which is a time-consuming process. One learning method that has the potential to improve the learning efficiency is hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL); this learning method divides the control tasks or control inputs into several hierarchies and the hierarchies are solved by lower-level agents or lower-level actions. Besides, it is often unsafe to apply flat reinforcement learning models to the learning of flight control. This is because the exploration process of the RLA can lead the aircraft into unsafe states. The contribution of this research is mitigating the curse of dimensionality and improving the safety of an existing hierarchical reinforcement learning method on fixed-wing flight control. The curse of dimensionality is mitigated by embedding the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (DDPG) in the existing HRL based on the dynamic decomposition framework. The safety of reinforcement learning is improved by an auxiliary safety modification layer (SML) with prior knowledge of the system dynamics that corrects the action generated by the agent. In this research, both the HRL and safe reinforcement learning (SRL) methods are applied on fixed-wing flight control and further effects on sample efficiency and learning performance are investigated with a fixed-wing flight model. It has shown that the HRL based on dynamic decomposition method has higher sample efficiency than FRL method and the SRL by SML method can effectively ensure the safety of the HRL learning progress.Aerospace Engineerin
The Application of Resonance Ionisation Spectroscopy to III-V Semiconductor Surface and Depth Analysis
No full textResonance Ionisation Spectroscopy (RIS) is a relatively new analytical technique which is gaining increasing significance in the field of quantitative trace analysis. This work is principally concerned with the particular application of Resonance Ionisation Spectroscopy to surface and depth analysis of semiconductor material. For any new technique to succeed amidst a plethora of competing, proven technologies, it must offer some added advantage. The introductory chapter assesses some of the common electron, ion and laser based techniques already in existence, with which RIS is in direct competition, stressing fundamental problems in use which limit their degree of success. As a preamble to Chapter 2, the process of Resonance Ionisation Spectroscopy is also introduced at this stage. Chapter 2 deals with the physical principles behind RIS and its mass analysis derivative, RIMS, introducing the concept of atomically selective ionisation schemes used to discriminate between elements. A rate equation model, restricted to a three level system, allows determination of the necessary experimental conditions for efficient implementation of the process. In its most common form, with regards to its application to solid sample analysis, RIS is applied in a post-ionisation mode, in which case ion sputtering or laser ablation are employed in the sample vaporisation process. Of the two methods, ion sputtering is by far the more versatile and better understood. Chapter 3 introduces the physical concepts of ion sputtering and erosion and includes the necessary theory for modelling of the experimental conditions. With regard to depth profiling in particular, the factors contributing to the broadening of known concentration profiles are described in detail. A prerequisite for such analysis, is the ability to detect and recognise the species being analysed. To this end, a major portion of the project was devoted to the design and construction of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, responsibility for which was placed solely upon the author. Chapter 4 deals specifically with the instrumentation aspect of the project, detailing the operational principles of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the various components of the analysis system constructed, the vacuum and laser systems, the ion optical assembly and the sputter ion gun to name but a few. Chapter 5 is the first relating to actual experiments, and provides the basis for an estimate of the operational usefulness of the instrument. Both pulsed secondary ion (SIMS) and resonant ion (RIMS) analyses were carried out on Aluminium and Gallium by the author. The wavelength spectra allow an investigation of the effects of experimental parameters on the resonant process. Chapter 6 describes attempts at depth profiling of aluminium concentration through multilayered structures of GaAs and AlGaAs. During the design stage, familiarity with the problems associated with the secondary ion background prevalent in these experiments, led the author to devise a novel approach to experimental procedure and ion optical design. Chapter 7 discusses the solution in detail, and produces experimental data and computer simulation as confirmation of the usefulness of the method. Recent investigations by the author have led to the development of what has been termed Resonant Laser Ablation (RLA). Chapter 8 introduces this new concept which is derived from the combined mechanisms of laser ablation and resonant ionisation to offer enhancements in sensitivity and selectivity. The technique has generated a great deal of interest due to the possibilities it offers in the field of surface analysis. Experiments, carried out initially by the author and at a later stage in collaboration with Dr. Wang Li of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, on semiconductor and metal samples indicate that RLA may prove to be an interesting alternative technique to existing forms of laser spectrometry. Consequently RLA has become a subject for further investigations within the group. Finally, Chapter 9 discusses briefly the project as a whole and describes some interesting future developments which should enhance the position of RIS/RIMS in the fields of spectrometry and surface analysis
Hollins Columns (1968 Apr 9)
No full textTable of Contents: Ten Appointed To \u2768 Faculty Psychologist Osgood To Lecture Monday McCarthy Favored In Poll Smith Named Advisor Time Sponsors Mock Primary Grapheon To Hear Poets Taylor, Seay An American Tragedy Cal Days To Continute Senate Diplomacy Found Deficient Letter Receives A \u27Bravo\u27 Death Shatters Unconcern Hanoi Is Unmoved By Halt Academic Procession Spring Fever Mars Senate Efficiency Student Opinion Needed In Curriculum Evaluation Students Support Psych Convention Program Stresses Writing Fund To Hold Drive RLA Projects Varied Paris To Lecture On Author Rabelais Hollins Status Evaluated Wages Raised Voluptuous Or Fat -- A Mirror Tells All Students Comments On Perfume (ahem) Kendler Will Speak On Cognitive Factors Barn Dinner Theatre Presents Ghostly Comedyhttps://digitalcommons.hollins.edu/newspapers/1934/thumbnail.jp
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