17 research outputs found
Community-Based Determinants of Community Engagement: A Meta-Analysis Research
No full textIn literature, several variables, both individual and collective level, have been utilized to explain community engagement: the active, voluntary involvement of individuals and groups in changing problematic conditions in communities. The purpose of this study is to identify the main community-based variables and, via meta-analysis research, calculate the effects of these variables on community engagement. These variables include sense of community, community identity, social well-being, place identity, trust in the community, trust in institutions, and community cohesion. The overall and partial effect sizes and heterogeneity between studies were calculated. Some study characteristics (i.e. type of sample, size of sample, percentage of women in the sample, and mean age) were used as moderators for subsample analysis and meta-regressions. The first six major variables (sense of community, community identity, social well-being, place identity, trust in the community, and trust in institutions) show a positive but moderate relationship with community engagement. As for the moderating variables were not found substantial variations. The data are very heterogeneous and highlight the complex and multivariate nature of community engagement. Theoretical and methodological implications were discussed
Spanish adaptation of the Participatory Behaviors Scale (PBS)
No full textAbstractThe aim of this study was to adapt the Participatory Behaviors Scale (PBS) and validate the results for use among the Spanish population. Using snowball sampling methodology, 501 individuals from all areas of Spain were selected to participate in the study. The Participatory Behaviors Scale (PBS) and questionnaires that measure a sense of community, belief in a just world and Machiavellianism were used to analyze the criterion validity of the adapted scale. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the items on the questionnaire fit a second-order model with four factors, which corresponded to the four dimensions proposed by the original authors, namely, disengagement, civil participation, formal political participation and activism. Additionally, it has been found that the scale is related to a sense of community, belief in a just world and Machiavellianism. In light of these results, we concluded that the questionnaire is methodologically valid and can be used by the scientific community to measure participatory behavior
L’autoritarismo come difesa della percezione di perdita dei confini della propria comunità
No full textItLo scopo di questo lavoro è provare che l’autoritarismo può essere visto come una difesa psicologica all’ansia provocata dalla percezione che la propria comunità stia perdendo la stabilità dei suoi stessi confini. Tale reazione è tanto più forte quanto maggiore è il bisogno dell’individuo di vivere in un contesto stabile e ordinato. A tale scopo il presente lavoro illustrerà i risultati di due ricerche: la prima (Studio Uno: 208 ss) ha lo scopo di costruire lo strumento empirico per misurare il costrutto della Perdita di Confini della Comunità; la seconda ricerca (Studio Due: 276 ss) è, invece, mirata a falsificare l’ipotesi proposta e, cioè, che l’autoritarismo sia da intendere come possibile difesa dall’angoscia procurata dalla sensazione di perdita di confini.EnThe present research aims to demonstrate that authoritarianism can be seen as a psychological defense against anxiety people perceive when they feel that their community is going to lose the stability of its borders. More specifically, it is assumed that this reaction is stronger, the higher the individual need to live stably and orderly. For this purpose, the research presented will describe the results of two studies; the first study (Study One: 208 ss) aims to build the empirical tool to measure the construct of Community boundaries loss. In addiction, the second study (Study Two: 276 ss ) aims to falsify the hypothesis proposed, i.e. authoritarianism is to be described as a potential psychological defense mechanism against anxiety people feel in consequence of their perception that community they live in loses boundaries.FrLe but de cet travail est demontrer que l'autoritarisme peut être considéré comme un moyen de défense psychologique contre l'anxiété causée par la perception que sa communauté soit en train de perdre la stabilité de ses propres frontières. Cette réaction est aussi forte tant que le besoin de l'individu de vivre dans un environnement stable et ordonné. À ce propos, le présent travail décrit les résultats de deux études: la première (étude un: 208 ss) vise à définir les outils empiriques permettant de mesurer le concept de perte des frontières de la Communauté, et la deuxième (étude deux: 276 ss ), au contraire, est destinée à falsifier l'hypothèse proposée, c’est à dire que l'autoritarisme est à comprendre comme un moyen de défense possible contre l’angoisse procurée par le sentiment de perte des frontières
CCB validation
No full textThe Composite Conspiracy Belief (CCB) scale is a new measure of generalist conspiracy thinking, unrelated to belief in specific conspiracy theories. It is composed of the covariation of two aspects of conspiracy belief: the source of the threat and the type of threat. The sources are seven: the government, Jews, cultural elites, scientists, aliens, multinational corporations, and Freemasonry. The sources are six: manipulation of information, control over political decisions, influence over minds, covert government of the economy, determination of historical facts, and influence over health and body
Building community e cittadinanza attiva. Un confronto tra il Salento e il resto d'Italia
No full textNEGATIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL SENSE OF COMMUNITY: DEVELOPMENT OF A MEASURE AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS
No full textPsychological sense of community (PSOC) has been a focus of extensive research investigation. However, despite the emphasis on the positive aspects of PSOC, scholars have paid relatively little attention on its negative aspects. The present work assumes PSOC to be a bipolar construct (Brodsky, 1996), introduces negative psychological sense of community (NPSOC) as a centrifugal force that drives individuals away from the community, and reports the development of the NPSOC scale. Community residents (N = 612) were sampled and surveyed to examine the statistical validity and the psychometric properties of the NPSOC scale. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) revealed that the second-order factor structure of NPSOC (consisting of four first-order factors) yielded the most satisfactory fit indices, with correlational analyses supporting the construct validity of NPSOC. To lay the foundation for future directions, the concept of NPSOC was further discussed in relation to its implications and to the construct of PSOC
How Diverse Is This Community? Sense of Community, Ethnic Prejudice and Perceived Ethnic Heterogeneity
No full textIn this paper, the relationship between territorial sense of community (SoC), perceived ethnic heterogeneity within the community and ethnic prejudice was analyzed. Specifically, the moderating role of perceived ethnic heterogeneity within the community on the SoC–prejudice relationship was tested in a sample of residents (N = 603) of the Salento region, Italy. Results showed that the relationship between SoC and prejudice was moderated by perceived contextual heterogeneity. For blatant and subtle prejudice, when perceived ethnic heterogeneity was low, SoC was negatively associated with prejudice. In the case of modern prejudice, SoC was positively associated with prejudice when perceived ethnic heterogeneity was high. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Multiple senses of community and acculturation strategies among migrants
No full textBased on the theoretical framework of multiple psychological sense of community (MPSOC) and acculturation models, the study explored the relationships between territorial (TPSOC) and ethnic PSOC (EPSOC) and the acculturation behaviors of 2 groups of immigrants who settled in Italy, namely, Albanians (N = 230) and Sri Lankans (N = 131). Based on survey data and quantitative analyses (general linear models), TPSOC and EPSOC were considered first separately and then combined, according to a bidimensional model of MPSOC that resulted in four combinations (dual membership, receiving society membership, ethnic membership, and no membership). The findings highlighted significant variations across groups. Among Albanian participants, both TPSOC and EPSOC were positively associated with integration and negatively with marginalization. Dual membership was positively associated with integration, prevailing ethnic membership with separation, and no membership with marginalization. Among Sri Lankan participants, EPSOC showed a positive association with separation. Dual membership was associated with marginalization, prevailing receiving society membership with assimilation, prevailing ethnic membership with separation, and no membership with integration
