1,723,369 research outputs found
Marriage choices, social homogamy and modernization in Milan, 1890-1899 and 1950-1959
No full textMarriage patterns are a key element in the social reproduction of inequalities because, through marriage, socio-economic resources are distributed among individuals and households. Furthermore, the measure by which individuals from different groups marry each other can be considered as an indicator of the grade of openness of a society. From a historical perspective, modernization theory has traditionally predicted a decrease in marital homogamy by social origin. Long-term trends in social homogamy have been investigated in the social history field, and empirical evidence is quite diverse across contexts and periods. We analyzed patterns of social homogamy in Milan using new couple-level data on marriages between the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. Following the modernization framework, we hypothesized that the transition towards an industrial society should be accompanied by an increase in social heterogamy. Results show that, net of changing marginal distributions across social classes, patterns of couple formation remain substantively the same across time. Men appear less mobile than women, who have a higher tendency towards upward marital mobility. As for intermarriage among social classes, boundaries between the top and bottom classes, and barriers between manual and non-manual workers remained strong across time. These results, as previously found in other contexts, do not fully corroborate the modernization theory
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Sills and dikes emplacement at shallow crustal levels:the role of hydrofracturing and host rock mechanical discontinuity (eastern Elba Island, Italy)
No full textIl Ruolo della Scienza del Suolo per gli Obiettivi dello Sviluppo Sostenibile - Guida all'Escursione del Primo Congresso Congiunto SISS-SIPe, Palermo 10 – 13 settembre 2018
No full textQuesta breve guida rappresenta una finestra dalla quale volgere uno sguardo sull’isola della Sicilia
cogliendone i principali aspetti storici, geografici, culturali, ambientali. Vengono qui riportati alcuni
contributi sintetici i) sulla Storia dell’Isola, che ha forgiato la cultura e la società siciliana, ii) sulle
principali caratteristiche geomorfologiche e pedologiche, iii) sull’agricoltura, iv) la diversità e
complessità dei paesaggi, v) sui boschi e i sistemi agroforestali, che caratterizzano molti paesaggi
siciliani, vi) sule peculiarità, endemismi e rarità della flora isolana, vii) sulla viticoltura, che
rappresenta un settore strategico dell’agricoltura isolana.
Nella seconda parte della guida, una breve descrizione dei paesaggi che saranno illustrati durante
il tragitto da Palermo alla Salina Calcara di Nubia (Trapani) meta dell’escursione scientifica e
culturale del congresso. Vengono riportati alcuni cenni della storia e l’organizzazione della salina e
le attività che caratterizzano ancora oggi la coltivazione sostenibile del sale.
Infine, i primi risultati del lavoro di studio sui suoli della Salina Calcara, condotto in collaborazione
tra il Gruppo di Lavoro “SUOLI IDROMORFI E SUBACQUEI” della Società Italiana della Scienza del
Suolo e la Società italiana di Pedologia. Il campionamento, la descrizione e la valutazione dei suoli
di salina sono l’oggetto principale dell’escursione.
Un sentito grazie a tutti gli autori che hanno collaborato all’edizione della guida
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mating Market and Dynamics of Union Formation
Full text linkThe paper investigates the relationship between structural partner market constraints and the timing and educational sorting of unions in Germany (1985–2018). We integrate the literature on the effect of the reversed gender gap in education on educational assortative mating, with a focus on mating dynamics and the measurement of the partner market over the life course. We concentrate on two particular educational groups, low-educated men and highly educated women, those with worsening mating prospects and more subject to experience hypogamous unions. Our results show that the local education-specific mating squeeze influences union formation, its timing, and educational sorting. Indeed, for the two groups, the increasing supply of highly educated women in the partner market increases the likelihood of remaining single or establishing an hypogamous union, where she is higher educated than he. In line with search theory, we find the effects of the mating squeeze to become particularly visible after people turn 30 years of age. This is true for the risk of remaining single and forming an hypogamous union. We underline the necessity to study assortative mating and union formation from a dynamic perspective, taking into account changing structural conditions during the partner search process
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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