1,721,017 research outputs found
Mesenchymal stem cells from extra-fetal tissues in the horse: in vitro and in vivo studies for the allogenic application in regenerative medicine
No full textObiettivo di questo lavoro è stato quello di mettere a punto protocolli per
l’isolamento, l’espansione e la caratterizzazione in vitro di popolazioni omogenee di
cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC) isolate da tessuti extra-fetali equini (matrice
cordonale e amnios), valutandone il possibile impiego nella terapia delle lesioni
tendinee. Dai risultati ottenuti emerge che le popolazioni cellulari isolate sono
caratterizzate dall’espressione di marker di mesenchimalità e pluripotenza,
dall’assenza di espressione di marker di immunogenicità, da un’intensa capacità
proliferativa e differenziativa nella linea mesodermica ed ectodermica e sono in
grado di tollerare la crioconservazione senza perdere tali proprietà.
Per la prima volta in campo equino, MSC allogeniche di derivazione amniotica sono
state inoltre utilizzate per il trattamento di lesioni tendinee acute. L’assenza di
reazioni al trapianto e la rapida evoluzione riscontrata nei soggetti trattati,
probabilmente stimolata da un’intrinseca attività antinfiammatoria di questa
popolazione cellulare, confermano l’interesse sempre crescente rivolto agli invogli
fetali come fonte alternativa e facilmente accessibile di cellule staminali
multipotenti.
Durante il periodo di ricerca trascorso presso il Centro di Medicina Rigenerativa
dell’Università di Edimburgo, è stata messa a punto un’innovativa tecnologia basata
sull’impiego di nanoparticelle biodegradabili in grado di veicolare in maniera
altamente specifica fattori di crescita utili al mantenimento delle caratteristiche di
pluripotenza di cellule staminali embrionali di topo. Tale approccio, trasferibile ad
altri tipi cellulari, si propone in prima istanza di ridurre significativamente il rischio
di alterazioni fenotipiche o cromosomiche per le cellule che richiedono cicli ripetuti
di espansione in vitro, per un loro impiego efficace nella medicina rigenerativa
Nanotechnology for mesenchymal stem cell therapies
No full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) display great proliferative, differentiative, chemotactic, and immune-modulatory properties required to promote tissue repair. Several clinical trials based on the use of MSC are currently underway for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this article is to examine the current trends and potential impact of nanotechnology in MSC-driven regenerative medicine. Nanoparticle-based approaches are used as powerful carrier systems for the targeted delivery of bioactive molecules to ensure MSC long-term maintenance in vitro and to enhance their regenerative potential. Nanostructured materials have been developed to recapitulate the stem cell niche within a tissue and to instruct MSC toward the creation of regeneration-permissive environment. Finally, the capability of MSC to migrate toward the site of injury/inflammation has allowed for the development of diagnostic imaging systems able to monitor transplanted stem cell bio-distribution, toxicity, and therapeutic effectiveness
Fetal adnexa derived stem cells from domestic animal: progress and perspectives.
No full textThe fetal adnexa such as umbilical cord, amnion and amniotic fluid have been proposed as ideal sources of different stem cell lineages. Use of adnexal tissue has many potential advantages, including the noninvasive nature of the isolation procedure, the large tissue mass from which cells can be harvested with high efficiency and the potential of these cells to differentiate. Moreover, particularly in human medicine, the harvesting of these tissues is more ethically acceptable making these sources of stem cells very attractive for regenerative therapies and biotechnological applications. The adnexal tissue cells preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive embryonic layers from which they originate. Indeed, many studies indicate that these stem cells exhibit some features of embryonic stem cells as expression of embryonic markers and proliferation capability, without showing immunogenicity. However, the differentiation potential of these cells, either in vivo or in vitro, is intermediate between the pluripotent embryonic stem cells and the multipotent adult stem cells. Non-embryonic extra-fetal derived stem cells have opened new perspectives for developmental biology and for regenerative medicine, not only in humans but also in animals. In this update, we report the state of the art of fetal adnexa-derived stem cells from domestic animals and analyze their applications and potential uses in veterinary medicine
Tenogenic differentiation of equine mesenchymal progenitor cells under indirect co-culture.
No full textPurpose: Adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are a potential cell source for tendon repair in direct cell therapy and tissue engineering investigations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tenogenic induction of undifferentiated BM-MSCs under indirect co-culture technique with trimmed native tendon tissue. Since the horse represents a preferred species to study tendon regenerative strategies, this work was conducted on equine BM-MSCs. Methods: Equine BM-MSCs were co-cultured in a transwell system with tendon tissue fragments. The BM-MSC tenogenic differentiation was evaluated by cytochemical staining and real time PCR for gene expression. Cell viability in tendon fragments and cultured cells was analyzed. Results: Our results indicate that under indirect co-culture with native and healthy tendon tissue the BM-MSCs expressed tendon-specific markers such as decorin, tenomodulin, tenascin-C, and collagen type I. They also retained a tenocyte-like phenotype during monolayer culture. Conclusions: Data are very encouraging for future in vitro investigations into committing cells to the tenogenic lineage without adding growth factors or serum to the culture medium for both cell therapy and tissue engineering
Characterization of equine amnion-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) after cryopreservation
No full textDerivation of Presumptive Stem Cells from the Bovine Amnion
No full textAmnion is a noncontroversial, inexhaustible source that can be harvested noninvasively at low cost; moreover, presumptive stem cells are not acutely rejected when transplanted. As in human medicine, stem cells isolated from animal term placenta are promising candidates for disease treatment, specifically for their plasticity and their reduced immunogenicity and high anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of this work was to obtain, for the first time, presumptive stem cells from the epithelial (AECs) and mesenchymal (AMCs) portions of the bovine amniotic membrane to be used for clinical applications, in particular for the treatment of mastitis. AECs and AMCs were isolated following the method used by Lange Consiglio et al. (2010) in horse. Our preliminary results show that cells from epithelial portion displayed a polygonal morphology whereas those from mesenchymal site were fibroblastic-like. Both cell lines were able to adhere to the plastic dishes and resulted positive for MSC-markers (CD44, CD29, CD105, CD73 and CD166) and negative for the hematopoietic marker (CD34) from passage 1 (P1) to P3. Obtained cells showed a pluripotent profile by expressing c-Myc, Oct-4 but not Nanog at every passage studied. AECs and AMCs MHC-I at every passage whereas only AMCs did not express MHC-II at the first passage. Further studies, including pre-clinical and a deeper evaluation of immunological properties, need to be performed for the in vivo applications in order to better understand the role of these cells in cellular therapy
Convergence of osteoimmunology and immunomodulation for the development and assessment of bone biomaterials
No full textThe traditional biological principle for the development of bone biomaterials is to directly induce osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic lineage cells. With this principle, most of the efforts are spent on optimizing the biomechanical and physicochemical properties of biomaterials to enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Given the vital roles of immune cells in bone dynamics, we propose a new concept “osteoimmunomodulation” in recognition of the importance of immune response during biomaterial-mediated osteogenesis. The paradigm of bone biomaterials design is also suggested to shift to an osteoimmunomodulatory material, and the possible evaluation strategies for the osteoimmunomodulation property of bone biomaterials are summarized. It is expected that bone biomaterials with favorable osteoimmunomodulation properties will be more clinically relevant to control new bone formation and biomaterial degradation in a controllable and biologically suitable manner
Characterization and differentiation of equine tendon-derived progenitor cells.
No full textMesenchymal stem cells have been recently investigated for their potential use in regenerative medicine. Population of adult stem cells were recently identified in human and lab animal tendons, but no detailed investigations have been made in the equine species. The aim of our study is to identify a progenitor cell population from tendon tissue (TSPCs) in the horse superficial digital flexor tendon that are able to be highly clonogenic, to grow fast and to differentiate in different induced cell lineages as well as bone marrow derived progenitor cells (BM-MSCs). The hypothesis that TSPCs possess a mesenchymal stem cell behavior opens a new prospective for tendon regenerative medicine approaches. TSPCs were expanded more rapidly and showed higher plating efficiency when compared with BM-MSCs. Both cell lines expressed identical stem cell markers in vitro and they were able to differentiate towards osteogenic and adipogenic lineages as demonstrated with cytochemical staining and mRNA gene expression. TSPCs showed a positive but limited chondrogenic differentiation compared with BM-MSCs as demonstrated by histological and biochemical analyses. According to our results, equine TSPCs have high clonogenic properties and proliferating potential, they express stem cell markers and have the capability to be multipotent as well as BM-MSCs. These findings suggest that TSPCs may represent a good model for stem cell biology and could be useful for future tendon regenerative medicine investigations
Mesenchymal stem cells from amnion and amniotic fluid in the bovine.
No full textAmnion and amniotic fluid (AF) are noncontroversial and inexhaustible sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be harvested noninvasively at low cost. As in humans, also in veterinary field, presumptive stem cells derived from these tissues reveal as promising candidates for disease treatment, specifically for their plasticity, their reduced immunogenicity, and high anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of this work is to obtain and characterize, for the first time in bovine species, presumptive MSCs from the epithelial portion of the amnion (AECs) and from the AF (AF-MSCs) to be used for clinical applications. AECs display a polygonal morphology, whereas AF-MSCs exhibit a fibroblastic-like morphology only starting from the second passage, being heterogeneous during the primary culture. For both lines, the proliferative ability has been found constant over the ten passages studied and AECs show a statistically lower (P<0.05) doubling time with respect to AF-MSCs. AECs express MSC-specific markers (ITGB1 (CD29), CD44, ALCAM (CD166), ENG (CD105), and NT5E (CD73)) from P1 to P3; in AF-MSCs, only ITGB1, CD44, and ALCAM mRNAs are detected; NT5E is expressed from P2 and ENG has not been found at any passage. AF-MSCs and AECs are positive for the pluripotent markers (POU5F1 (OCT4) and MYC (c-Myc)) and lack of the hematopoietic markers. When appropriately induced, both cell lines are capable of differentiating into ectodermal and mesodermal lineages. This study contributes to reinforce the emerging importance of these cells as ideal tools in veterinary medicine. A deeper evaluation of the immunological properties needs to be performed in order to better understand their role in cellular therapy
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