1,721,069 research outputs found
Italian industry in the new globalization
No full textJust when the Italian economy seemed finally to emerge from the longest post-war crisis, new difficulties arise from the deterioration of international macroeconomic condition and from a new wave of technological innovations that national firms and institutions appear ill-equipped to cope. The article looks at the causes and potential consequences of the slowdown in international trade that the new protectionist tendencies are worsening. These phenomena are not so much attributable to a retreat of globalization, but to new forms of transnational organization of production, driven by the growth of complexity and competitiveness of emerging economies, as well as by a new generation of digital technologies. Therefore, it is just an illusion try to rebuild a supposed national economic sovereignty within the old pattern of international relations. Instead, we must set a new agenda of economic policy aimed to strengthen the knowledge creating processes and the educational institutions as engines of development, including the promotion of new models of corporate governance, more open to the involvement of critical actors for innovation
Multigranular scale speech recognition: tehnological and cognitive view
Full text linkWe propose a Multigranular Automatic Speech Recognizer. The hypothesis is that
speech signal contains information distributed on more different time scales.
Many works from various scientific fields ranging from neurobiology to speech
technologies, seem to concord on this assumption. In a broad sense, it seems
that speech recognition in human is optimal because of a partial
parallelization process according to which the left-to-right stream of
speech is captured in a multilevel grid in which several linguistic analyses take
place contemporarily. Our investigation aims, in this view, to apply these new
ideas to the project of more robust and efficient recognizers
Estimating hidden fishing activity hotspots from vessel transmitted data
Full text linkMonitoring fishery activity is essential for resource planning and guaranteeing fisheries sustainability. Large fishing vessels constantly and continuously communicate their positions via Automatic Identification System (AIS) or Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMSs). These systems can use radio or Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to transmit data. Processing and integrating these big data with other fisheries data allows for exploring the relations between socio-economic and ecosystem assets in marine areas, which is fundamental in fishery monitoring. In this context, estimating actual fishing activity from time series of AIS and VMS data would enhance the correct identification of fishing activity patterns and help assess regulations' effectiveness. However, these data might contain gaps because of technical issues such as limited coverage of the terrestrial receivers or saturated transmission bands. Other sources of data gaps are adverse meteorological conditions and voluntary switch-offs. Gaps may also include hidden (unreported) fishing activity whose quantification would improve actual fishing activity estimation. This paper presents a workflow for AIS/VMS big-data analysis that estimates potential unreported fishing activity hotspots in a marine area. The workflow uses a statistical spatial analysis over vessel speeds and coordinates and a multi-source data integration approach that can work on multiple areas and multiple analysis scales. Specifically, it (i) estimates fishing activity locations and rebuilds data gaps, (ii) estimates the potential unreported fishing hour distribution and the unreported-over-total ratio of fishing hours at a 0.01 degrees spatial resolution, (iii) identifies potential unreported fishing activity hotspots, (iv) extracts the stocks involved in these hotspots (using global-scale repositories of stock and species observation data) and raises an alert about their possible endangered, threatened, and protected (ETP) status. The workflow is also a free-to-use Web Service running on an open science-compliant cloud computing platform with a Web Processing Service (WPS) standard interface, allowing efficient big data processing. As a study case, we focussed on the Adriatic Sea. We reconstructed the monthly reported and potential unreported trawling activity in 2019, using terrestrial AIS data with a 5-min sampling period, containing similar to 50 million records transmitted by similar to 1,600 vessels. The results highlight that the unreported fishing activity hotspots especially impacted Italian coasts and some forbidden and protected areas. The potential unreported activity involved 33 stocks, four of which were ETP species in the basin. The extracted information agreed with expert studies, and the estimated trawling patterns agreed with those produced by the Global Fishing Watch
Industrial districts responses to network economy: vertical integration versus pluralist global exploration
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of global networking on industrial districts (IDs). In IDs we can observe a trend towards opening-up of the local value chain and beyond traditional links. Our analysis is based on four empirical cases, that show differents ways to evolve in the new competitive environment
Apertura internazionale della produzione nei distretti italiani
No full textIl tema della insufficiente internazionalizzazione produttiva delle piccole e medie imprese è spesso addotto come uno dei fattori che limitano la competitività del sistema economico italiano.\ud
In questo contributo si dimostra come le piccole e medie-imprese, specie quando sono caratterizzate da forti legami di filiera, hanno invece seguito percorsi di integrazione produttiva internazionale molto significativi. Nel caso dei distretti produttivi, questo ha portato al rafforzamento delle capacità competitive e ad una serie di effetti positivi sui sistemi economici locali di appartenenza.\ud
I processi di internazionalizzazione dei sistemi di PMI seguono d’altra parte forme e fasi molto diverse da quelle delle grandi imprese. Nel nostro contributo, suggeriamo una metodologia di misurazione della internazionalizzazione basato sulle strategie delle piccole e medie-imprese, ovvero l’integrazione che avviene attraverso i flussi di commercio internazionale. \ud
Proponiamo a titolo di esempio la misurazione del grado di apertura produttiva attraverso l’analisi dei flussi di beni intermedi di alcune filiere rappresentative del Made-in-Italy
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