1,764,561 research outputs found
Nova Persiæ Armeniæ Natoliæ et Arabiæ / per Cornelis Danckerts
No full textDie Digitalisierung wurde durch die Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek im Rahmen des von der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien (BKM) geförderten Programms NEUSTART KULTUR ermöglicht.Maßstab in grafischer Form (Milliaria Germanica communia)Titelkartusche unten rechts, Maßstabskartusche unten links"Cum Previlegie"Mit Bergzeichnung und WindroseAltkarteErscheinungsjahr nicht vor 1684, da Justus Danckerts und seinen Söhnen Theodore und Cornelis in diesem Jahr das Druckprivileg verliehen wurde, welches die Karte träg
YscP, a key player in the type three secretion system of "Yersinia enterocolitica"
No full textThe Yersinia injectisome needle has a constant length of around 60nm. Mutants affected in the yscP gene display abnormally long needles, suggesting that needle length is genetically controlled and that YscP is involved in this process. First, both N- and C-term of YscP were shown to be required for proper needle length control. In contrast, the central part could be shortened or lengthened without loss of function, but giving a needle length strictly proportional to the number of residues of YscP. This led us to assign the function of a ruler to YscP. In addition to its role in the determination of the needles length, YscP is required for Yop secretion. The C-term part of YscP, required for proper needle length control, was shown to be also crucial for Yop secretion. Thus it is probably involved in the substrate-specificity switch of the machinery, from the needle component YscF to Yops. The study of this region by Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis led to a characterization of a new domain that we called T3S4 (TypeSecretion SubstrateSpecificity Switch) and which can be found in all counterparts of YscP in other injectisomes but also in flagellum. The conservation of the T3S4 structure suggests a similar function for all these proteins. The T3S4 domains found in injectisomes happened to be partially exchangeable. The overall structure of the domain seems to be the critical point. This is further supported by the fact that single alaninereplacement of the few conserved amino acids not affecting the structure, did not impact the functions. Since YscP is secreted by the injectisome, we analyzed whether its export is necessary for its functions. Two original export signals were found in YscP: one in the N-term (aa 1-35) and one more central (aa 97-137). These two signals exactly correspond to the N-term regions involved in needle length control. When YscP is deprived from its export signals, it still switches the substrate specificity but it cannot control needle length any more. These data suggest a model in which YscP export is linked to needle length control. Having evolved such a complex process for length control stresses the necessity of a certain length. Indeed, the length has evolved to match specific structures at the bacterial and host cell surfaces
Brief von Johann Dolaeus an Cornelis Bontekoe
No full textBRIEF VON JOHANN DOLAEUS AN CORNELIS BONTEKOE
Brief von Johann Dolaeus an Cornelis Bontekoe (176r
Leeven en dood der doorlugtige heeren gebroeders Cornelis de Witt, ruwaard van den lande van Putten, enz. enz., en Johan de Witt, raad pensionaris van Holland en Westvriesland, enz. enz. /
No full textIncludes index.Engraved half-title, by Romeyn de Hooghe; portraits of Johan and Cornelis de Witt, and a large folding plate depicting their mutilated bodies, by C. Huybrechts [i.e. Cornelis Huyberts].Includes indexes.Mode of access: Internet.Bound in old vellum; edges sprinkled red; ownership inscription of Lisa & Leonard Baskin on rear pastedown, and his printed labels for Fort Hill and Lurley Manor on front pastedown
Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-Visited
No full textUnder Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, nonpermanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate change. While there is not doubt that biological sink activities help mitigate climate change and should not be neglected, in this paper we demonstrate that these activities cannot be included in carbon trading schemes.carbon offset credits, climate change, duration of carbon sinks, Environmental Economics and Policy,
The discovery of SycO reveals a new function for type three secretion effector chaperones
No full textThe Type Three Secretion (T3S) system is a device used by many Gram-negative pathogens that allows bacteria to deliver effector proteins straight into the eukaryotic cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with various signaling pathways to subvert the host cell functions. The secretion machinery of the T3S system consist of a basal body spanning the bacterial inner and outer membrane followed by a stiff hollow needle outside the bacterium. The fully assembled secretion apparatus constitute a continuous hollow conduit that connects the bacteria to the eukaryotic target cell. After cell contact, virulence proteins -called effectors- are injected directly into the cytosol of the host cell via the T3S apparatus. Several effectors of the T3S system require the assistance of specific cytosolic chaperones to be efficiently exported. There are three classes of T3S chaperones. Effector proteins are assisted by Class I chaperones. Although Class I chaperones are well characterized, their main function is still a matter of controversy. In this thesis, we demonstrate that orf155 encodes a specific chaperone for the effector YopO that we called SycO. We showed that SycO enhances YopO secretion in vitro and is required for translocation of YopO into infected cells. By pulldown assay we demonstrated that residues 20 to 77 of YopO are required and sufficient for SycO binding. Using crosslinking experiments and size exclusion chromatography analysis, we determined the stoichiometry of purified SycO and YopO-SycO complexes. SycO alone forms dimers in solution and the YopO-SycO complex has a 1:2 stoichiometry. These results suggested that SycO is a typical chaperone of the Class I. YopO is a serine/theronine kinase that interacts with Rho and Rac and disrupts the cytoskeleton of the target cells. YopO has been shown to localize at the cell plasma-membrane. By transfection of YopO-EGFP hybrid proteins into HEK293T cells, we demonstrated that the chaperone-binding domain (CBD) coincides with the membrane localization domain of YopO. Nevertheless, the CBD was not needed for the kinase activity of YopO. By ultracentrifugation, we also showed that the CBD causes YopO aggregation in the bacteria, when SycO does not cover it. Further, we show that the CBD of YopE and YopT also caused aggregation in the bacteria in the absence of SycE and SycT respectively. YopE, YopT and T3S effectors in other systems also act at the membrane of the eukaryotic host cell. We propose a new hypothesis concerning the role of T3S chaperones. The sub-cellular localization domain of effectors is aggregation-prone and creates the need for a chaperone inside bacteria. We propose that masking such aggregation-prone localization domains may be a general function for type III effector chaperones
Capnocytophaga canimorsus. interaction with the innate immune system
No full textWe show that Capnocytophaga canimorsus strain 5 (Cc5) is even more resistant to phagocytosis and killing by murine macrophages (J774.1) and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) than Yersinia enterocolitica, which is known as a model bacterium for resistance against phagocytosis due to its type 3 secretion system (Grosdent et al., 2002). We observed that Cc5 even becomes completely resistant to phagocytosis at high multiplicity of infection (moi of 50). In addition, we demonstrate that the Cc5 transposon mutant Y1C12, identified during a serum sensitivity screen, has an increased sensitivity to phagocytosis and killing by either murine macrophages or human PMNs even in the unopsonized state. This indicated that not an increased susceptibility for antibody binding or complement deposition led to an increased phagocytosis of the mutant, but that rather the outer surface was more readily recognized by the phagocytes.
Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cc5 induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps upon infection of human PMNs in vitro and that Cc5 is trapped and killed within neutrophil extracellular traps, indicating sensitivity of Cc5 towards antimicrobial peptides present in PMN granules.
Analysis of serum resistance in Cc5 revealed that serum resistance is probably linked to its lipopolysaccharide, which prevents deposition of the membrane attack complex on the bacterial surface.
Moreover, we have observed that upon growth in the presence of cells, Cc5 releases or modifies factor(s) in the medium, which interfere with the killing ability of macrophages. Investigating the underlying mechanism, we could show that Cc5 does not affect phagosome maturation, but blocks the oxidative burst. This capacity was shown to depend on the release of the zinc metallopeptidase pitrilysin by Cc5.
First analyses on the prevalence of the hypothetical virulence factors serum resistance and interference with the oxidative burst indicated that C. canimorsus strains might display strain variability. While 59% of the strains (50% of case strains, 61% of dog isolates) were able to block the killing ability of macrophages, 60% of the strains were highly serum resistant (100% of case strains, 54% of dog isolates). However, serum resistance could not be directly linked to a specific polysaccharide structure in C. canimorsus.
November 2009, Salome Casutt-Meye
Nieuwe caerte op Java gheteeckent, van de eylanden van Java, Sumatra, Borneo tot Mallaca toe
No full textIn 1598 publiceerde de Amsterdamse uitgever Cornelis Claesz. D'Eerste boeek. Historie van Indien [...] door G.M.A.W.L., waarin kaarten en platen gebonden waren. Na het 18de hoofdstuk staat vermeld: 'Hier stelt het Caertgien van Iava ende Sumatra', dit kaartje ontbreekt in alle bekende edities. Blijkbaar is het de bedoeling geweest dat deze Nieuwe caerte [...] in dit boek bijgebonden zou worden. Wellicht is het te laat gereedgekomen om nog gebruikt te worden. Ook in de latere edities van D'Eerste boeck ontbreekt het.
De Nieuwe caerte [...] is de eerste afzonderlijke gedrukte kaart van de Indische archipel. Ze is vervaardigd met hulp van Petrus Plancius naar hoofdzakelijk Portugese gegevens, in 1596 verkregen te Bantam vooral van de piloot (stuurman) Pedro de Tayde. De kaart is gegraveerd door Baptista van Doetecum. De auteur van de kaart en van het boek geeft alleen zijn initialen: G.M.A.L. respectievelijk G.M.A.W.L. Deze letters worden door dr. Rouffaer verklaard als: Guillam Alias (Willem) Lodewijcksz. Willem Lodewijcksz. maakte de reis van Cornelis de Houtman, de eerste Nederlandse reis naar Oost-Indië (1595-1597) mee. Hiervoor had hij de Compagnie van Verre (een voorloper van de V.O.C., die in 1602 is opgericht) beloofd, de op de reis te verkrijgen gegevens niet aan derden mede te delen. De toch gedrukte journalen zijn niet ondertekend, Lodewijcksz. voorzag zijn werk van ondoorgrondelijke initialen.
Literatuur: Rouffaer, G.P. en J. W. IJzerman, De Eerste Schipvaart der Nederlanders naar Oost-Indië onder Cornelis de Houtman 1595-1597, deel I en III (Werken uitgegeven door de Linschoten-Vereeniging VII en XXXII), ''s-Gravenhage 1915 en 1929
Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales. Ouvrage enrichi De plus de 320 Tailles douces, des plus curieuses,..., Avec les Antiquitez de ces Pays & particulièrement celles du Fameux Palais de Persepolis,...
No full textPreface: Bruyn, Cornelis deDedication:Content description: IndexIllustration: (Views ,portraits ,antiquities ,varia ,)Pagination: PP12+252P,PP4+253-469PVolumes: 2Text Genre:ProseIllustration: (τοπία ,πορτραίτα ,αρχαιότητες ,άλλα θέματα ,
- …
