31 research outputs found
Redox‐active cysteines in TGACG‐BINDING FACTOR 1 (TGA1) do not play a role in salicylic acid or pathogen‐induced expression of TGA1‐regulated target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
No full textSummary Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule of the plant immune system. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SA biosynthesis is indirectly modulated by the closely related transcription factors TGACG‐BINDING FACTOR 1 and 4 (TGA1 and TGA4, respectively). They activate expression of SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, the gene product of which regulates the key SA biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1. Since TGA1 interacts with the SA receptor NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) in a redox‐dependent manner and since the redox state of TGA1 is altered in SA‐treated plants, TGA1 was assumed to play a role in the NPR1‐dependent signaling cascade. Here, we identified 193 out of 2090 SA‐induced genes that require TGA1/TGA4 for maximal expression after SA treatment. One robustly TGA1/TGA4‐dependent gene encodes for the SA hydroxylase DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6‐LIKE OXYGENASE 1, suggesting an additional regulatory role of TGA1/TGA4 in SA catabolism. Expression of TGA1/TGA4‐dependent genes in mock/SA‐treated or Pseudomonas‐infected plants was rescued in the tga1 tga4 double mutant after introduction of a mutant genomic TGA1 fragment encoding a TGA1 protein without any cysteines. Thus, the functional significance of the observed redox modification of TGA1 in SA‐treated tissues remains enigmatic.Dorothea‐Schlözer‐Fellowship (Göttingen University)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/50110000165
The approaches to human capital investment appraisal
No full textThe article is concerned with basic principles investment of human capital. The author syste matizes different methods of valuation of human resources investment. This methods was developed by such scientifics-economists as Adam Smith, Lester Carl Thurow, U. Farr, Ernst Engel, Thomas Mincer and etc. The author examines the two basic approaches to return rate calculation. The fi rst approach is founded on profi ts and expenses calculation. The second approach is based on non-monetary resources of education
Recent Development of Volumetric PIV with a Plenoptic Camera
No full textThe recent development of a volumetric PIV system utilizing the unique light-field capturing capabilities of a plenoptic camera is described. The fundamental concept of a plenoptic camera, including a distinction between plenoptic 1.0 and plenoptic 2.0 is given, along with an illustration of the ability to computationally refocus an image after it has been acquired. A synthetic image generator for plenoptic cameras was developed and used to simulate plenoptic imaging of the motion of 3D particle fields. For volumetric reconstruction, the MART algorithm was adapted for use with the plenoptic camera through a reformulation of the weighting matrix that is consistent with the optical properties of the plenoptic camera. A prototype camera was designed and constructed based on the modification of a 16 MP PIV camera such that a microlens array can be mounted near the image sensor. This camera was used to show the proof-of-concept of the camera\u92s ability to measure a 3D velocity field through experiments performed in a subsonic turbulent boundary layer and a supersonic jet. In both cases, the feasibility of plenoptic PIV was demonstrated with noted strengths being the simple set-up and operation of the system in addition to the ability to make 3D measurements over relatively large volume
The Separated and Balanced Constitution
No full textDiscusses the concept of separation of powers though The Federalist papers 47-51. The article goes through the order of Madison’s argument, the threat to liberty, democracy and the separation of powers, the common good and the balance constitution. The author concludes that the separation of powers is what makes people capable of governing themselves
Treatment in Psychiatry: Patient Inclusion and Epistemic Justice
No full textThe author has granted permission for their work to be available to the general public.The concept of 'treatment' has been underexamined in psychiatry and philosophy of psychiatry. Psychiatrists, philosophers of psychiatry and patients all have different and at times, conflicting, understandings and expectations of what counts as 'psychiatric treatment'. To the extent that there are models of treatments in psychiatry and philosophy of psychiatry, they sidestep the patient's conceptualization of what constitutes their treatment. This thesis draws attention to the epistemic and ethical implications of patient minimization, through which patient perspectives are epistemically excluded both in the treatment room and the process of making psychiatric treatment decisions. Patient minimization also has ethical implications, some of which may extend to dehumanizing practices in clinical contexts. The thesis addresses these problems by developing a conceptual framework for understanding treatment in psychiatry. In conversation with feminist work in the continental tradition, social and standpoint epistemology, and recent developments in the medical humanities and philosophy of psychiatry, I argue for a framework that makes central patient inclusion in conceptualizing treatment. This means that both patient and psychiatrist offer situated expert testimony, which, if taken in conjunction with each other, would maximize objectivity, rigor, and patient-psychiatrist trust. In practice, patient negotiation must be clinically required in the psychiatric treatment decision-making process on epistemic grounds. Once patient-situated testimonies are included in decisions about treatment, the mental healthcare provider is able to promote the four principles of medical ethics: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice.Philosoph
Three-Dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Plenoptic Camera
No full textA novel 3-D, 3-C PIV technique is described, based on volume illumination and a plenoptic camera to measure a velocity field. The technique is based on plenoptic photography, which uses a dense microlens array mounted near a camera sensor to sample the spatial and angular distribution of light entering the camera. Various algorithms are then used to reconstruct a volumetric intensity field after the image is taken, and cross-correlation algorithms extract the velocity field from the reconstructed volume. This paper provides an introduction to the concepts of light fields and plenoptic photography, and describes the algorithms used to reconstruct the measurement volume. A comparison is made between the use of a combined computational refocusing and thresholding approach versus a direct tomographic reconstruction approach. This discussion lays the groundwork for a more detailed study of reconstruction accuracy, achieveable particle number density, reconstruction ambiguities (e.g., ghost particles), and other factors in a following study. Additionally, the construction of a prototype camera based on a 16-megapixel interline CCD sensor is described and preliminary experimental renderings are given.Aerodynamics, Wind Energy & PropulsionAerospace Engineerin
Light-Field Imaging Toolkit
No full textAbstractThe Light-Field Imaging Toolkit (LFIT) is a collection of MATLAB functions designed to facilitate the rapid processing of raw light field images captured by a plenoptic camera. An included graphical user interface streamlines the necessary post-processing steps associated with plenoptic images. The generation of perspective shifted views and computationally refocused images is supported, in both single image and animated formats. LFIT performs necessary calibration, interpolation, and structuring steps to enable future applications of this technology
On Growth and Income Distribution in a Globalizing World
No full textThe basic idea explaining the relationship between economic growth and income distribution is the “U- shaped hypothesis” postulated by Simon Kuznets. This can be shown in a dual-economy model with technical progress. Initially, inequality is low, but as labour participation in the modern sector increases, higher wages in this sector tend to increase inequality. However, if enough labour is incorporated in the modern sector, wage inequality begins to diminish. Income inequality continues to worsen between the two sectors, if a new modern economy (e.g. IT-based technical change) is introduced and potential GDP shifts to a new trajectory before the turning point is reached. In a globalised word, the substantial unskilled-labour-saving technical progress puts pressure on wages of unskilled workers (in industrialized countries). Also, globalization may be blamed for leaving many nations and millions of people out from reaping the benefits of globalization. This problem can only be overcome by appropriate reforms of the international economic system.Economic Growth, Income Distribution, Globalization
Case study in emerging market (Brazil) real estate development feasibility analysis
No full textThesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-144).In 2003, Renata Oliveira, a young Portuguese architect, has re-discovered the Point of Corumbau in Bahia, Brazil, and, like the Portuguese adventurers who had discovered Brazil 500 years earlier in the same location, found it to be an area that is wild, beautiful and undeveloped. It is also sitting right at the edge of perhaps the most promising resort and second home real estate market in the world: the Northeast coast of Brazil. The case challenges students to conduct market and project feasibility analysis in an emerging market environment, with data and contextual information supplied in the case. It considers the effectiveness of such analysis, and raises questions about the usefulness of time-series data in markets that are changing in fundamental ways, the importance of macro- and international economics in weighing real estate investments, the methods available for evaluating emerging market risk, the challenges of managing development and construction in a foreign environment, and the role, if any, for a developer's personal vision in the value creation system. Part II of the case allows students to re-consider these questions in the light of subsequent events. At the same time, the case examines two of the most exciting real estate markets in the world today: Southeastern Brazil's urban housing market, and the resort and vacation home market of the coastal Northeast.by Paul B. Clayton.S.M.in Real Estate Developmen
Wild salmon and the shifting baseline syndrome: application of archival and contemporary redd counts to estimate historical Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production potential in the central Idaho wilderness
No full textThe “shifting baseline syndrome” (SBS) is the paradigm whereby recent species abundances and environmental conditions are accepted as reflecting historical conditions. This leads to false impressions of the past, inaccurate baselines, and unrealistic recovery goals. Idaho biologists have counted Chinook salmon redds for >60 consecutive years, generating an invaluable database; however, inaccurate historical baselines compromise the utility of even such high-quality, long-term databases. To develop an accurate baseline, we integrated archival (1951–1964), maximum redd counts with contemporary (1995–2017), continuous counts and spawn timing datasets to estimate historical (1950s–1960s) wild Chinook salmon production potential. Current salmon populations average 3% of 1950s–1960s abundances, which may have been 30% of precommercial fishery (1880s) populations. Notably, the SBS has influenced contemporary managers as reflected in minimum viable abundance, sustainable escapement, and adequate seeding objectives equaling 10.4%, 17.9%, and 20.4%, respectively, of 1950s–1960s potential. Our approach provides a framework for utilizing archival and contemporary data to reconstruct historical baselines and repress SBS. Contrasting contemporary goals with maximum production potential provides new reference points and perspectives for managers to consider.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
