1,720,979 research outputs found
Meta-analysis
No full textThis dataset contains data used to perform a meta-analysis: Cordonier, N., Schaffner, E., Zeroual, L., & Fossard, M. (2024). Time reference in aphasia: Are there differences between tenses and aphasia fluency type? A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.132253
Storytelling-in-sequence task
No full textThis dataset contains data, procedures and materials from a storytelling-in-sequence task in which participants had to tell a story within a given temporal frame. The stories to be told were presented in the form of comic strips, and the temporal framework was set by a carrier sentence. In total, each participant told 6 stories, 2 for each temporal framework (past, present, future). Participant's productions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The number of inflected verb forms produced was counted for past, present, and future tenses. Some files are in French
Temporality tasks
No full textThis dataset contains data, procedures and materials from three tasks assessing temporality: a task of assessment of temporality conveyed by temporal adverbs, a task of assessment of the completeness of action, and a questionnaire on temporality
Constraint tasks
No full textThis dataset contains data, procedures and materials from six verbal inflection tasks (three tasks assessing the grammatical marking of tense and three tasks assessing the grammatical marking of grammatical aspect). Participants had to produce or select the inflected verb form or the temporal adverb corresponding to an incomplete sentence. Some files are in French
Differential impairments in irony comprehension in brain-damaged individuals: Insight from contextual processing, theory of mind and executive functions
Full text linkObjective: The comprehension of irony can be affected after brain injuries. The cognitive mechanisms accounting for such disorders remain yet unclear. The heterogeneity of cognitive profiles of brain-damaged individuals and the use of independent tests to measure the links between these mechanisms and the comprehension of irony might contribute to this lack of clarity. The present study aimed to further explore the underlying mechanisms of irony understanding disorders (i.e., context processing, executive functions (EF), and theory of mind (ToM)) in patients with brain lesions. Method: We used a paradigm manipulating these mechanisms within an irony task to identify different patterns of pragmatic performance associated with cognitive profiles. We administered this task and standard neuropsychological tests assessing EF, and ToM to thirty acquired brain injured (ABI) and thirty healthy control (HC) participants. Results: A cluster analysis revealed that two-thirds of the ABI participants (3 sub-groups out of 4) presented atypical pragmatic and neuropsychological patterns. The most severe disturbances in understanding irony, characterized by insensitivity to the context, were associated with a joint impairment on ToM and EF in one subgroup. In the two other context-sensitive subgroups, an isolated deficit in EF co-occurred with difficulties dealing with literal or ironic statements when the EF demand of the irony task was increased. However, the effect of this EF demand could be negated by the presence of markers helping the comprehension of irony. Conclusions: These results have important clinical implications for the evaluation and therapy of pragmatic disorders in ABI individuals
Prise en charge des troubles de la communication consécutifs à un traumatisme crânio-cérébral : une revue systématique
Full text linkSuite à un traumatisme crânio-cérébral, plusieurs individus présentent des troubles de la communication pouvant affecter la prosodie, le discours et/ou la pragmatique. Ces déficits sont une source importante de handicap, dans la mesure où ils constituent un frein à la réintégration professionnelle et sociale, et ce encore plusieurs années après le traumatisme. Le diagnostic de tels déficits et la mise en place d’une prise en charge adaptée sont par conséquent capitaux. Malheureusement, les outils d’évaluation et les pistes de prise en charge pour aider les logopédistes dans leur travail sont encore peu nombreux. Par conséquent, cet article vise à donner un aperçu de l’état actuel des données sur les traitements de la communication consécutifs à un traumatisme crânio-cérébral, par le biais d’une recherche systématique de littérature. Nous décrirons ainsi les modalités et types de thérapies utilisés pour traiter divers domaines de la communication et rapporterons les résultats prometteurs de ces études concernant la question de leur efficacité à court et long terme. Quelques pistes de réflexion et perspectives découlant de ces résultats seront finalement discutées., After a traumatic brain injury, many individuals experience communication disorders, affecting especially prosody, discourse and/or pragmatics. These deficits are an important source of disability, as they constitute an impediment to professional and social reintegration, even several years after the injury. The diagnosis of such deficits and the introduction of appropriate therapies are crucial. Unfortunately, there are still few assessment tools and rehabilitation pathways to assist speech therapists in their work. This article aims to provide an overview of the current state of the evidence on communication treatments following a traumatic brain injury, through a systematic search of the literature. We will describe the modalities and types of therapies used to address various areas of communication and will report the promising results of their shortand long-term efficiency. The results and further perspectives are finally discussed
La compréhension de l'ironie et des requêtes indirectes non conventionnelles chez des individus cérébrolésés droits et traumatisés crâniens : profils pathologiques, développement d'un outil d'évaluation et prise en charge
Full text linkSoutenue à l'Université de Neuchâtel en cotutelle avec Aix-Marseille Université, École doctorale ED 336 - Cognition, langage, éducationLes troubles de compréhension du langage non littéral (par exemple, l’ironie et les requêtes indirectes) sont fréquemment rapportés chez les individus cérébrolésés droits (CLD) et traumatisés crânio-cérébraux (TCC). Les mécanismes cognitifs pouvant sous-tendre ces troubles – le traitement du contexte, les fonctions exécutives et la théorie de l'esprit – restent toutefois sujets à controverse, en raison notamment de l’hétérogénéité caractéristique de ces populations. De plus, l’inadéquation communicative résultant d’une mauvaise compréhension du langage non littéral peut impacter la vie sociale et professionnelle des individus affectés, rendant le diagnostic et le traitement de ces troubles primordiaux. À l’heure actuelle, les outils d’évaluation et les prises en charge de ces déficits restent pourtant lacunaires.
Dès lors, les objectifs de la présente thèse étaient triples. Un premier objectif visait à identifier des profils cognitivo-pragmatiques chez des individus CLD et TCC. Le recours à des analyses en cluster et l’utilisation de deux tâches de compréhension de l’ironie et des requêtes indirectes, manipulant en leur sein les mécanismes sous-jacents, ont permis d’objectiver la présence de quatre profils pragmatiques associés à des atteintes cognitives variées. Le second objectif consistait à valider et normer les deux tâches précitées. Les résultats ont démontré que ces tâches présentaient de bonnes qualités psychométriques et un potentiel diagnostic différentiel important. Le troisième objectif visait à élaborer une prise en charge des troubles de compréhension de l’ironie et des requêtes indirectes sur la base des résultats d’études recensées dans deux revues narrative et systématique de littérature. Cette nouvelle thérapie a été administrée avec succès auprès d’un individu TCC. L’ensemble des résultats apporte un nouvel éclairage aux connaissances actuelles et a des implications méthodologiques et cliniques importantes.Disorders of the understanding of non-literal language (i.e., irony and indirect requests) are frequently reported after right hemisphere damages (RHD) or traumatic brain injuries (TBI). However, the cognitive mechanisms that may underlie these disorders - context processing, executive functions, and theory of mind - remain controversial, mainly because of the characteristic heterogeneity of these populations. Additionally, the communicative inadequacy resulting from a poor understanding of non-literal language can impact affected individuals’ social and professional lives, making the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders paramount. At present, however, the assessment tools and therapy of these disorders remain scarce.
Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were threefold. The first objective was to identify cognitive-pragmatic profiles in RHD and TBI individuals. The use of cluster analyses and two tasks of understanding irony and indirect requests, manipulating the underlying cognitive processes within them, allowed objectifying the presence of four pragmatic profiles associated with various cognitive impairments. The second objective consisted of validating and standardizing the two tasks mentioned above. The results showed that these tasks had good psychometric qualities and a significant differential diagnostic potential. The third objective was to develop a therapy for irony and indirect requests comprehension disorders based on empirical results identified in narrative and systematic reviews. This new therapy has been successfully administered to a TBI participant. The full results shed new light on current knowledge and have important methodological and clinical implications
Irony and unconventional indirect requests comprehension in individuals with right hemisphere damage and traumatic brain injury : pathological profiles, development of an assessment tool and therapy
No full textLes troubles de compréhension de l’ironie et des requêtes indirectes sont fréquemment rapportés chez les individus cérébrolésés droits (CLD) et traumatisés crânio-cérébraux (TCC). Les mécanismes cognitifs pouvant sous-tendre ces troubles – le traitement du contexte, les fonctions exécutives et la théorie de l'esprit – restent toutefois sujets à controverse. De plus, ces déficits peuvent impacter la vie sociale et professionnelle des individus affectés, rendant leur diagnostic et traitement primordiaux. À l’heure actuelle, les outils d’évaluation et les prises en charge de ces troubles restent pourtant lacunaires. Dès lors, les objectifs de la présente thèse étaient triples. Un premier objectif visait à identifier des profils cognitivo-pragmatiques chez des individus CLD et TCC. Le recours à des analyses en cluster et l’utilisation de deux tâches de compréhension de l’ironie et des requêtes indirectes, manipulant en leur sein les mécanismes sous-jacents, ont permis d’objectiver la présence de quatre profils pragmatiques associés à des atteintes cognitives variées. Le second objectif consistait à valider et normer les deux tâches précitées. Les résultats ont démontré que ces tâches présentaient de bonnes qualités psychométriques et un potentiel diagnostic différentiel important. Le troisième objectif visait à élaborer une prise en charge des troubles de compréhension de l’ironie et des requêtes indirectes. Cette nouvelle thérapie a été administrée avec succès auprès d’un individu TCC. L’ensemble des résultats apporte un nouvel éclairage aux connaissances actuelles et a des implications méthodologiques et cliniques importantes.Disorders of the understanding of non-literal language (i.e., irony and indirect requests) are frequently reported after right hemisphere damages (RHD) or traumatic brain injuries (TBI). However, the cognitive mechanisms that may underlie these disorders - context processing, executive functions, and theory of mind - remain controversial. Additionally, the communicative inadequacy resulting from a poor understanding of non-literal language can impact affected individuals’ social and professional lives, making the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders paramount. At present, however, the assessment tools and therapy of these disorders remain scarce.Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were threefold. The first objective was to identify cognitive-pragmatic profiles in RHD and TBI individuals. The use of cluster analyses and two tasks of understanding irony and indirect requests, manipulating the underlying cognitive processes within them, allowed objectifying the presence of four pragmatic profiles associated with various cognitive impairments. The second objective consisted of validating and standardizing the two tasks mentioned above. The results showed that these tasks had good psychometric qualities and a significant differential diagnostic potential. The third objective was to develop a therapy for irony and indirect requests comprehension disorders based on empirical results identified in narrative and systematic reviews. This new therapy has been successfully administered to a TBI participant. The full results shed new light on current knowledge and have important methodological and clinical implications
Temporality tasks
No full textThis dataset contains data, procedures and materials from three tasks assessing temporality: a task of assessment of temporality conveyed by temporal adverbs, a task of assessment of the completeness of action, and a questionnaire on temporality
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