1,721,095 research outputs found
Anne-Marie Moulin, Le dernier langage de la médecine : Histoire de l’immunologie de Pasteur au Sida, Préf. par Niels K. Jerne (Paris : PUF, 1991). «Pratiques théoriques»
No full textCorbellini Gilberto. Anne-Marie Moulin, Le dernier langage de la médecine : Histoire de l’immunologie de Pasteur au Sida, Préf. par Niels K. Jerne (Paris : PUF, 1991). «Pratiques théoriques». In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 45, n°2-3, 1992. Etudes sur Galilée. pp. 371-372
Anne-Marie Moulin, Le dernier langage de la médecine : Histoire de l’immunologie de Pasteur au Sida, Préf. par Niels K. Jerne (Paris : PUF, 1991). «Pratiques théoriques»
No full textCorbellini Gilberto. Anne-Marie Moulin, Le dernier langage de la médecine : Histoire de l’immunologie de Pasteur au Sida, Préf. par Niels K. Jerne (Paris : PUF, 1991). «Pratiques théoriques». In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 45, n°2-3, 1992. Etudes sur Galilée. pp. 371-372
L'evoluzione del dialogo tra scienza e società sulle aspettative conoscitive e applicative dell'ingegneria cellulare
No full textRoma, Accademia Nazionale dei Lince
Immunological memory from Thucydides to Burnet and beyond
Full text linkImmunological memory has been observed since ancient times because those who recovered from an epidemic (infec-tious) disease usually did fell sick it a second time. For cen-turies, fanciful hypotheses were put forward on the origin of this acquired refractoriness to specific diseases, which mainly imagined the depletion in the host of some factor that nor-mally allowed the production of the pathologies. In 1890, the antibody was discovered, and the problem became twofold. On the one hand, as the result of an infectious or antigenic stimulus in the body, how could specific antibodies appear, and how were antibodies made?On the other hand, what does immunological memory depend on, that is, how is the specific trace of the encounter with the infectious challenge or an antigen preserved? Immunochemi-cal research demonstrated the intrinsic or spontaneous diversi-ty of antibodies. The specificity of recognition is not absolute or exclusive to one antibody but rather the result of a multi-plicity of partial recognitions by antibodies with different af-finities for the antigenic determinant(s). Furthermore, a com-parison of successive immune responses showed that a second stimulus with the same antigen elicits faster and more chemi-cally effective antibodies. At that point, diversity could be imagined and then established to pre-exist, i.e. it resulted the condition that allowed the immune response to be thought of as adaptive. In the meantime, each specific antibody was syn-thesised by differentiated cells undergoing clonal expansion. Therefore, the functional logic of immunological memory was based on the formation of B or T cells, which spontaneously express on their surfaces receptors with predefined specificity and undergo clonal expansion following the encounter with the antigen. Selected antibodies made by plasma cells can re-main in circulation for some time. Some B and T cells evolve into memory cells ready to be activated in case of a further stimulus from the same antigen. Explaining the functional logic of immunological memory has inspired one of the most successful neurobiological models of how the brain works as a selective system, Gerald Edelman’s theory of neural Darwinis
Biotecnologie, incompetenze istituzionali e abuso politico della precauzione: nuove dimensioni dell’appropriatezza
No full textJervis e i pregiudizi "di sinistra" contro la biologia
No full textGiovanni Jervis' (1933-2009) latest psychological and political views partially adopted the naturalistic or evolutionary and neurocognitive theories and discoveries about the functioning of human social behaviour. The ideas expressed by Jervis negatively surprised some leftist intellectuals, who still maintain ideological reservations about pertinence and safety of using naturalistic or evolutionary approaches by social and political sciences. The paper by Luigi Cavallaro (2010) is a typical example of the nature and appearances of such doubts, while this commentary tries to show that Jervis' considerations for evolutionary developments of knowledge applied to human social and political behaviours were consistent with his epistemological tension to identify a more scientific foundation to social and political sciences. Copyright © FrancoAngeli
- …
