1,721,074 research outputs found
The agony and the ecstasy: drugs, media and morality
No full text[About the book]
Informed debate on how, why, or even if, drugs and those who use them should be controlled, needs an insight into the background of such controls, how effective they have been, and what reasonable alternatives there may be. Providing such an insight, this book reviews the important aspects of past and current drug control policies in Britain and America. The international compliment of expert contributors explore the rationality of the reasoning which produced the initial controls, the continuing relevance of those currently employed, and provide alternative scenarios for future policy
Key Concepts in Crime and Society
No full textThis book is an introduction to key issues in the area of crime as it connects to society. The book is divided into three parts:\ud
Understanding Crime and Criminality: introduces topics such as the social construction of crime and deviance, social control, the fear of crime, poverty and exclusion, white collar crime, victims of crime, race/gender and crime.\ud
Types of Crime and Criminality: explores examples including human trafficking, sex work, drug crime, environmental crime, cyber crime, war crime, terrorism, and interpersonal violence.\ud
Responses to Crime: looks at areas such as crime and the media, policing, moral panics, deterrence, prisons and rehabilitation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Fear of Crime in Time and Place: Developing and Testing a New Momentary Social-Psychological Model of Victimisation Worry
No full textScholars have studied fear of crime for many years, with a number of predictors of
crime fear identified. Despite the growing body of fear of crime literature, the measurements,
methods, and theories currently used to examine fear of crime are in need of significant
innovation. Specifically, scholars continue to rely on single item measures to gauge fear of
crime, ignoring its multidimensionality. Moreover, existing methods used to capture fear of
crime and risk have restricted researchers’ ability to examine its spatio-temporal features,
thereby preventing the development of momentary models of fear of crime. The present
dissertation reconceptualises the quantitative study of fear of crime by: (a) testing alternative
measures of fear of crime; (b) introducing novel methods used to collect context-dependent
information about fear of crime; and (c) developing new theoretical models of fear of crime.
To achieve these goals, three studies were conducted and included in the current dissertation
by series of publications. The current research was guided by an overarching research
question: How can we better understand fear of crime and perceived victimisation
experiences in time and place using alternative measures of crime fear, innovative
technologies, and momentary models of victimisation worry?
The first study (Chapter 2) evaluated alternative measures of fear of crime in the
Australian context with a random sample of Gold Coast residents (N = 713). In this study,
alternative measures and an established model of victimisation worry developed by Jackson
(2005) were used to test fear of crime. According to this established model, fear of crime
comprises five distinct dimensions of victimisation worry: frequency of worry, perceptions of
the likelihood of victimisation risk, perceptions of the consequences of victimisation
experience, perceived levels of control over victimisation and beliefs about the prevalence of
crime. These five distinct dimensions are shaped by individuals’ perceptions of the physical and social environment. Data collected from residents indicated that these alternative measures of victimisation worry had acceptable scaling properties, supporting their crosscultural
validity. Provided with the knowledge that these measures were valid and reliable in
the Australian context, the next step of this research was to examine what new knowledge
could be produced from the victimisation worry model. Specifically, data from Study 1 were
assessed in Chapters 3 and 4 to show how the model could be used to provide new insights
into current issues related to fear of crime. Moreover, results presented in these chapters
indicated that the model of victimisation worry could be used to explain individual
differences in fear of crime when considering awareness of community crime prevention
programs underway in a neighbourhood (Chapter 3) and gender (Chapter 4). Collectively,
results from the first study suggest that alternative measures of victimisation worry capture
the complex affective and cognitive components of fear of crime and can be used to explain
individual-level variability in fear of crime. Because this model was deemed reliable and
could be used to understand reactions to crime and disorder, the remaining studies of this
dissertation focused on how researchers could advance the victimisation worry model by (a)
collecting more ecologically valid data about fear of crime experienced in the proximate
environment; and (b) extending the original model to a more process oriented momentary
model that considers place, time, and psychological state.
The second study (Chapter 5) expanded the alternative measures of fear of crime
replicated in Study 1 by exploring whether mobile technology could be leveraged to collect
meaningful data about context-dependent fear of crime. In this study, a new set of data was
collected from college students (N = 20) living on the Gold Coast of Queensland, Australia,
using their mobile devices. Results of the pilot study showed that measures of victimisation
worry were reliable when administered via smartphones. Moreover, hypothesised
connections between these measures were supported and in the implied directions. Provided
with the knowledge that more ecologically valid information about the various dimensions of fear of crime could be derived from mobile technology, the final study of this dissertation
introduced and tested a new momentary model of victimisation worry that was guided by the
original process model tested in Chapters 2 through 5.
The final study (Chapter 6) enhanced the knowledge informed by Studies 1 and 2, by
developing the new momentary model of victimisation worry. In addition to momentary
measures of victimisation worry, questions about momentary psychological state were
included in the model and their influence on individuals’ perceptions of the physical and
social environment were examined. A new set of data was collected and analysed from
mobile initiated ecological momentary assessments (N = 499) from young adults living in
Southeast Queensland, Australia. Results presented in Chapter 6 suggested that the new
momentary model of victimisation worry could explain key relationships between theoretical
predictors of fear of crime. For example, momentary worry about crime was shaped by
perceptions of immediate risk, perceptions of disorder and lack of community cohesion, and
negative affectivity.
Collectively, the three studies presented in this dissertation by series of publications
make a significant contribution to our existing empirical and theoretical knowledge by
advancing the measurement, methods, and theories/models used to currently examine fear of
crime. Each study builds off the previous, with new measurement, methodological, and
theoretical insights into fear of crime introduced in each chapter. The dissertation concludes
with a discussion and synthesis of the overall research findings, limitations of the research, and implications for future fear of crime research in Chapter 7.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Crim & Crim JusticeArts, Education and LawFull Tex
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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