3,732 research outputs found
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LARGE SIZE NON-TRACKING SOLAR COOKER
No full textA large size novel non-tracking solar cooker has been designed, developed and tested. The cooker has been designed in such a way that the width to length ratio for reflector and glass window is about 4 so that maximum radiation falls on the glass window. This has helped in eliminating azimuthal tracking that is required in simple hot box solar cooker towards the Sun every hour because the width to length ratio of reflector is 1. It has been found that stagnation temperatures were 118.5oC and 108oC in large size non-tracking solar cooker and hot box solar cooker respectively. It takes about 2 h for soft food and 3 h for hard food. The cooker is capable of cooking 4.0 kg of food at a time. The efficiency of the large size non-tracking solar cooker has been found to be 27.5%. The cooker saves 5175 MJ of energy per year. The cost of the cooker is Rs. 10000.00 (1.0 US$ = Rs. 50.50). The payback period has been calculated by considering 10% annual interest, 5% maintenance cost and 5% inflation in fuel prices and maintenance cost. The payback period is least, i.e. 1.58 yr., with respect to electricity and maximum, i.e. 4.89 yr., with respect to kerosene. The payback periods are in increasing order with respect to fuel: electricity, coal, firewood, liquid petroleum gas, and kerosene. The shorter payback periods suggests that the use of large size non-tracking solar cooker is economical
Development and Performance Evaluation of High Insulation Box Type Solar Cooker
No full textThis paper presents the design, development and performance evaluation of high insulation box type solar cooker. The solar cooker is capable of boiling food for five persons per day. Stagnation test and the water boiling test of the solar cooker were performed during April, 2017. The resulting values of first figure of merit (F1), second figure of merit (F2) and standardized cooking power (Ps) was 0.1200C, 0.424 and 45 W, respectively, which categorized the cooker as class A. This high insulation solar cooker was found to have high values of F1 and F2 (F1>0.12 and F2>0.40) during different seasons of the year. The overall efficiency of the high insulation box type solar cooker was 26.5%. The cooker is estimated to save 1293.8 MJ of energy per year. The cost of the cooker is INR 4500.00. The payback period of the solar cooker as compared to firewood, electricity, coal, LPG and kerosene based cooking was estimated to be 1.49, 1.94, 2.42, 3.12 and 6.99 years, respectively. The high insulation box type solar cooker can reduce about 815.30 kg of CO2 emission on annual basis
Effects of thermoplastic resin content of anisotropic conductive films on the pressure cooker test reliability of anisotropic conductive film flip-chip assembly
No full textThe flip-chip technology using anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) is gaining growing interest due to its technical advantages such as environmentally friendly, simpler, and lower cost processes. Electrical performances and reliability of ACF flip-chip assembly depend on thermomechanical properties of ACF polymer resins. In this paper, the changes in ACF resin morphology due to the phase separation of thermoplastics, and subsequent changes of physical and mechanical properties were investigated as a function of thermoplastic contents of ACF formulation. Furthermore, the pressure cooker test (PCT) reliability of ACF flip-chip assemblies with various thermoplastic contents was also investigated. As thermoplastic contents increased, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of ACFs increased, and elastic modulus (E') of ACFs decreased. In contrast, water absorption rate decreased as thermoplastic content increased. As a result, PCT reliability of ACF flip-chip assembly was improved adding up to 50 wt.% content of thermoplastic.Financial support from the Center for Electronic
Packaging Materials (CEPM) of Korea Science and
Engineering Foundation is gratefully acknowledged
Design and Construction of a Domestic Solar Cooker
No full textOver the years, increase in energy demand has stirred up research interest aimed at harnessing the abundant energy from the sun to meet human’s energy needs. One of such needs is feeding, and this is achieved through cooking. Most of the conventional cooking methods affect the ecological system negatively. Hence, the study aimed to design and construct a solar cooker. The solar cooker is made up of four main parts viz: the pot, the parabolic reflective dish, the bracket and the dish stand with its base. The selection of materials for the construction of the solar cooker is governed by material properties, local availability, the service condition and cost. The quantity of heat needed for cooking a 2.5 kg of beans, for 120 minutes and the lowest solar insolation value of Owerri city recorded in December as 33.19 MJ/m2/day were used as the criteria for the dish sizing to ensure effective performance all year round. As a result, the area of the solar dish was constructed to be 3.6 m2 with a diameter of 2.15 m and a focal length of 1.0 m. Results of the performance evaluation carried out on the solar cooker showed that at a solar insolation value of 412.15 W/m2, the cooking time for 2.5kg each of beans, rice, yam, and boiling of 2.5kg of water were 120, 93, 67, and 13 minutes respectively. The efficiency of the unit is relatively stable within slight changes in solar insolation; a 6% change in the solar intensity would only affect the efficiency of the solar cooker by 0.7%.The study noted that solar insolation value plays a major role in the performance of the solar cooker because increase in the solar insolation value increases the heating rate, thereby reducing the cooking time. This suggests that in areas of the country with more hours of sun light and higher solar insolation, the use of concentrated solar panels for cooking is a viable option during day time
Design and Construction of a Domestic Solar Cooker
No full textOver the years, increase in energy demand has stirred up research interest aimed at harnessing the abundant energy from the sun to meet human’s energy needs. One of such needs is feeding, and this is achieved through cooking. Most of the conventional cooking methods affect the ecological system negatively. Hence, the study aimed to design and construct a solar cooker. The solar cooker is made up of four main parts viz: the pot, the parabolic reflective dish, the bracket and the dish stand with its base. The selection of materials for the construction of the solar cooker is governed by material properties, local availability, the service condition and cost. The quantity of heat needed for cooking a 2.5 kg of beans, for 120 minutes and the lowest solar insolation value of Owerri city recorded in December as 33.19 MJ/m2/day were used as the criteria for the dish sizing to ensure effective performance all year round. As a result, the area of the solar dish was constructed to be 3.6 m2 with a diameter of 2.15 m and a focal length of 1.0 m. Results of the performance evaluation carried out on the solar cooker showed that at a solar insolation value of 412.15 W/m2, the cooking time for 2.5kg each of beans, rice, yam, and boiling of 2.5kg of water were 120, 93, 67, and 13 minutes respectively. The efficiency of the unit is relatively stable within slight changes in solar insolation; a 6% change in the solar intensity would only affect the efficiency of the solar cooker by 0.7%.The study noted that solar insolation value plays a major role in the performance of the solar cooker because increase in the solar insolation value increases the heating rate, thereby reducing the cooking time. This suggests that in areas of the country with more hours of sun light and higher solar insolation, the use of concentrated solar panels for cooking is a viable option during day time.</div
Self-compression of 4.9 µm pulses to sub-40 fs with 2 mJ energy in Zinc Sulfide
No full textNonlinear self-compression of few-cycle multi-mJ pulses at 4.9 µm in ZnS is presented. 80 fs input pulses are compressed to 37 fs with 2.1 mJ energy at a 1 kHz repetition rate. © 2024 The Author(s
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