4,030 research outputs found
Rapporteur’s report – innovative geotechnologies for energy transition
No full textThe 9th Society for Underwater Technology (SUT) International Conference on Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics (OSIG) closed with a Rapporteur’s report given by the author. This paper provides a record of that report, transcribed from a video recording. The presentation slides are shown as Figures.</p
DEFRApH - Sample collection and handling procedures
No full textAll chemical and biogeochemical process in the sea are affected by the acidity of the water. Acidity is therefore fundamental property of seawater. The growing concern that the acidity of the oceans might be increasing has revealed weaknesses in our knowledge of this fundamental property and its variation in space and time. In 2008 the DEFRApH project (DEFRA contract ME4133) was initiated to provide this missing information in UK related waters. It required sampling for and analysis of the total inorganic carbon and total alkalinity content of samples. This reports documents the procedures sued for sampling. A companion document Hartman Dumousseaud and Roberts (NOC Internal Document No. 01) describes in detail the analytical procedures used and the calculation of the results
Author Correction:Prefrontal cortical ChAT-VIP interneurons provide local excitation by cholinergic synaptic transmission and control attention (Nature Communications, (2019), 10, 1, (5280), 10.1038/s41467-019-13244-9)
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Wilma D.J. van de Berg, which was incorrectly given as Wilma D.J. van den Berg. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</p
Sunitinib treatment exacerbates intratumoral heterogeneity in metastatic renal cancer
No full textThis work was supported by the Chief Scientist Office, Scotland (ETM37; to G.D. Stewart, A.C.P. Riddick, M. Aitchison, and D.J. Harrison), Cancer Research UK (Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre; to T. Powles, London and D.J. Harrison, Edinburgh), Medical Research Council (to A. Laird and D.J. Harrison), Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (to A. Laird), Melville Trust (to A. Laird), Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12018/25; to I.M. Overton), Royal Society of Edinburgh Scottish Government Fellowship cofunded by Marie Curie Actions (to I.M. Overton), Renal Cancer Research Fund (to G.D. Stewart), Kidney Cancer Scotland (to G.D. Stewart) and an educational grant from Pfizer (to T. Powles).Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF targeted therapy (sunitinib) on molecular intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in metastatic clear cell renal cancer (mccRCC). Experimental design: Multiple tumor samples (n=187 samples) were taken from the primary renal tumors of mccRCC patients who were sunitinib treated (n=23, SuMR clinical trial) or untreated (n=23, SCOTRRCC study). ITH of pathological grade, DNA (aCGH), mRNA (Illumina Beadarray) and candidate proteins (reverse phase protein array) were evaluated using unsupervised and supervised analyses (driver mutations, hypoxia and stromal related genes). ITH was analysed using intratumoral protein variance distributions and distribution of individual patient aCGH and gene expression clustering. Results: Tumor grade heterogeneity was greater in treated compared to untreated tumors (P=0.002). In unsupervised analysis, sunitinib therapy was not associated with increased ITH in DNA or mRNA. However, there was an increase in ITH for the driver mutation gene signature (DNA and mRNA) as well as increasing variability of protein expression with treatment (p<0.05). Despite this variability, significant chromosomal and transcript changes to key targets of sunitinib, such as VHL, PBRM1 and CAIX, occurred in the treated samples. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sunitinib treatment has significant effects on the expression and ITH of key tumor and treatment specific genes/proteins in mccRCC. The results, based on primary tumor analysis, do not support the hypothesis that resistant clones are selected and predominate following targeted therapy.Peer reviewe
Reply to the discussion by McCarron on “Modelling spatial variability in as-laid embedment for high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) pipeline design”
No full textN/AThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Is the biology of breast cancer changing? A study of hormone receptor status 1984-1986 and 1996-1997
No full textUsing archived tumours, those from 1984-1986 and 1996-1997 underwent immunohistochemistry for hormone receptors and grade analysis. A significant shift towards more ER-positive and low-grade disease was found; this appears to reflect screening practices, but could still influence survival
Critical Issue 3: Prison Social Climates
No full textIn this chapter, we focus on the influence of the prison social climate on institutional violence. The climate of a prison represents the middle level of the ecology, shaped by individual, subcultural, organisational, and community-level factors. We argue that there is a need to both conceptualise and define the climate of a prison, as well as find ways to operationalise key constructs such that valid and reliable data can be collected and used to drive prevention efforts. Both psychological and sociological conceptualisations of the prison social climate are considered, along with suggestions for how to prevent violence by strengthening or improving the social climate. Finally, some recommendations for future research in this area are proposed.Jennifer J. Galouzis, Andrew Day, Catia G. Malvaso, and Rhiannon Pilkingto
Preventing Prison Violence
No full textIn this chapter, we explore the implications of adopting a public health approach to prison violence prevention. Building on the WHO's violence prevention approach, we apply a four-stage approach: (1) defining the problem, including the scope and scale of prison violence and the outcomes we want to achieve; (2) understanding why prison violence occurs; (3) designing, implementing, and evaluating efforts to reduce prison violence; and (4) implementing multi-faceted preventative interventions. We also identify numerous challenges to implementing a public health approach, including those associated with the need to routinely collect high-quality data that can be linked to data from adjacent agencies, connect data to theory, develop an evidence base on effective preventative interventions, and address the inherent difficulties of rigorous evaluation in this area. We have, albeit cautiously, suggested that the public health model provides a useful framework from which to develop a comprehensive violence prevention strategy. However, it is also clear that this will require significant engagement with stakeholders—from people in prison to politicians—and sustained investment not only in specialist violence prevention programmes but also to support the longer-term goals of successful rehabilitation, reintegration, and improving social and emotional wellbeing.Catia G. Malvaso, Andrew Day, Jennifer J. Galouzis, Rhiannon Pilkingto
Wavelength tunable 10-GHz 3-ps pulse source using a dispersion decreasing fiber-based nonlinear optical loop mirror
No full textWe experimentally demonstrate the use of a dispersion decreasing fiber (DDF)-based nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) for the generation of wavelength tunable soliton-like pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz. We compress ~12 ps Gaussian pulses from an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) (followed by 125 m of DCF for preliminary linear dispersion compensation) into 3 ps pedestal-free pulses using both high-order soliton compression and nonlinear switching effects within an 8.5 km DDF-based loop mirror. The output pulses from the DDF-based NOLM show considerable pedestal reduction compared to those obtained by directly compressing the EAM seed pulses via a single passage through the DDF. Wavelength tuning of the compressed pulses over a ~15 nm bandwidth (from 1541 to 1556 nm) is demonstrated without a significant increase in pulse duration or degradation in pulse quality
An Approach to Preventing Prison Violence
No full textIn this chapter, we outline an approach to preventing prison violence that is informed by the other chapters in this book. We adopt a broad public health approach to prevention based on the identification of risk factors and an understanding of why prison violence occurs before discussing the importance of returning “data to source” and partnering with key stakeholders to identify prevention initiatives that are likely to work in the specific setting or context under consideration. The chapter concludes with a discussion about some of the challenges faced by those seeking to implement violence prevention initiatives in prisons.Andrew Day, Catia G. Malvaso, Jennifer J. Galouzis, and Rhiannon Pilkingto
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