21,821 research outputs found
Brave new worlds: experimentalism between the wars
No full textIntroduction: trajectories of twentieth-century music Nicholas Cook with Anthony Pople; 1. Peripheries and interfaces: Western music and its others Jonathan Stock; 2. Music of a century: museum culture and the politics of subsidy Leon Botstein; 3. Innovation and the avant-garde, 1900 1920 Christopher Butler; 4. Music, text and stage: the tradition of bourgeois tonality, 1900 1930 Stephen Banfield; 5. Classic jazz to 1945 James Collier; 6. Flirting with the vernacular: America in Europe, 1900 1945 Susan Cook; 7. Between the wars: traditions, modernisms and the ‘‘little people’ from the suburbs’ Peter Franklin; 8. Brave new worlds: experimentalism between the wars David Nicholls; 9. Proclaiming a mainstream: Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern Joseph Auner; 10. Rewriting the past: classicisms of the interwar period Hermann Danuser; 11. Music of seriousness and commitment: the 1930s and beyond Michael Walter; 12. Other mainstreams: light music and easy listening, 1920 70 Derek Scott; 13. New beginnings: the international avant-garde, 1945 62 David Osmond-Smith; 14. Moderate modernisms: individualism and accessibility, 1945 75 Arnold Whittall; 15. After swing: modern jazz and its impact Mervyn Cooke; 16. Music of the youth revolution: rock through the 1960s Robynn Stilwell; 17. Expanding horizons: the international avant-garde, 1962 75 Richard Toop; 18. To the millennium: music as commodity Andrew Blake; 19. Ageing of the new: the museum of musical modernism Alastair Williams; 20. (Post)-minimalisms, 1975 2000: the search for a new mainstream Robert Fink; 21. History and class consciousness: pop music towards 2000 Dai Griffiths; 22. ‘Art’ music in a cross-cultural context: Africa towards 2000 Martin Scherzinger; Appendices: 1. Personalia Peter Elsdon with Björn Heile; 2. Chronology Peter Elsdon and Peter Jones
A-0165: Avon, Utah, David H. Cook residence. Sec 11 T9n R1 e. 1960s
No full textA-0165: Avon, Utah, David H. Cook residence. Sec 11 T9n R1 e. 1960
Djeboa obovata Cook 1966
No full textDjeboa obovata (Cook, 1966) (Figs. 31 A–F) Mideopsis (Djeboa) obovata Cook 1966: 240. Material examined: Type series: FMC, Liberia; holotype female, Congo Town area, water filled ditch, 30.vii. 1958 Cook (Coll. 105); paratype male, same data as holotype. General features: Idiosoma tapering posteriorly, obovoid in shape (L/W ratio 1.1–1.2), dorsal shield without medial depression; muscle scars with weakly pronounced thickenings, located anterior and posterior to the postocularia; colour pattern unknown; gnathosomal bay Y-shaped, narrowing in posterior half; tips of Cx-I ending posterior to frontal margin; medial margin of Cx-IV not reduced to a median angle; Cx-III and -IV with a few longitudinal striae (two or three pairs on Cx-IV) Palp (Fig. 31 D): P- 1 without a dorsal seta; P- 2 with slightly concave ventral and convexly bowed dorsal margin; P- 3 ventral margin slightly concave; P- 4 equally narrowing from the base to distal edge. Legs: I-L (Fig. 31 E) with I-L- 6 dL/H ratio 3.2; IV-L: Fig. 31 F. Discussion: Differing from all known species of the genus in the obovate idiosoma shape. Distribution: Liberia (Cook 1966).Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Cook, David, Gerecke, Reinhard & Smit, Harry, 2013, The water mite family Mideopsidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia): a contribution to the diversity in the Afrotropical region and taxonomic changes above species level, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 3720 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3720.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28502
Evolution of cooperation among tumor cells
No full textThe evolution of cooperation has a well established theoretical framework based on game theory. This approach has made valuable contributions to a wide variety of disciplines, including political science, economics, and evolutionary biology. Existing cancer theory suggests that individual clones of cancer cells evolve independently from one another, acquiring all of the genetic traits or hallmarks necessary to form a malignant tumor. It is also now recognized that tumors are heterotypic, with cancer cells interacting with normal stromal cells within the issue microenvironment, including endothelial, stromal, and nerve cells. This tumor cell???stromal cell interaction in itself is a form of commensalism, because it has been demonstrated that these nonmalignant cells support and even enable tumor growth. Here, we add to this theory by regarding tumor cells as game players whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness. We marshal evidence that tumor cells overcome certain host defenses by means of diffusible products. Our original contribution is to raise the possibility that two nearby cells can protect each other from a set of host defenses that neither could survive alone. Cooperation can evolve as byproduct mutualism among genetically diverse tumor cells. Our hypothesis supplements, but does not supplant, the traditional view of carcinogenesis in which one clonal population of cells develops all of the necessary genetic traits independently to form a tumor. Cooperation through the sharing of diffusible products raises new questions about tumorigenesis and has implications for understanding observed phenomena, designing new experiments, and developing new therapeutic approaches.Author manuscript. Published in final edited form as: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 September 5; 103(36): 13474-13479.The final published version of this article is located at: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0606053103NIH U56 CA113004; to David E. AxelrodR.A. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant SES-0240852. D.E.A. was supported by NSF Grant IIS-0312953, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant U56 CA113004, and New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research Grant 1076-CCR-SO. K.J.P. is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor and is supported by NIH Grants CA69568, CA102872, and CA093900.NIH CA69568; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA102872; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA093900; to Kenneth J. PientaNSF SES-0240852; to Robert AxelrodNJ Commission on Cancer Research 1076-CCR-SO; to David E. AxelrodAlso available in PubMed Central. PMCID: PMC155738
Djeboa bomiensis Cook 1966
No full textDjeboa bomiensis (Cook, 1966) (Figs. 10 A–F) Mideopsis (Djeboa) bomiensis Cook 1966: 239. Material examined: Type series: FMC, Liberia; holotype female, Suehn road, approximately four miles north of Bomi Hills Road, 30.xi. 1957 Cook (Coll. 84); paratypes: same site and date as holotype 3 / 3 /0; Coll. 36, 1/0/0; Coll. 41, 1/0/0; Coll. 76, 0/ 1 /0; Coll. 83, 3/ 1 /0; Coll. 88, 1/ 4 /0; Coll. 89, 0/ 2 /0; Coll. 91, 0/ 1 /0; Coll. 93,3/ 2 /0; Coll. 94, 2/ 3 /0; Coll. 95, 1/ 2 /0; Coll. 96, 1/ 2 /0 (see Cook 1966 for more details). General features: Dorsal shield oval (L/W ratio 1.1–1.2), with medial depression (Fig. 10 A); muscle scars with slightly pronounced thickenings, located anterior and posterior to the postocularia; dorsal shield blue in colour except periphery; gnathosomal bay of a modified Y-shape, noticeably narrowing in posterior half; tips of Cx-I ending posterior to frontal margin; medial margin of Cx-IV reduced to a median angle; Cx-III and -IV with a few longitudinal striae (two pairs on Cx-IV). Palp (Fig. 10 D): P- 1 without a dorsal seta; P- 2 with straight ventral and convexly bowed dorsal margin; P- 3 maximum height proximally, ventral margin concave; P- 4 equally narrowing from the base to tip. Legs: I-L (Fig. 10 E) with I-L- 6 L/H ratio 2.6; IV-L: Fig. 10 F. Discussion: In shape and setation of palp (with P- 1 lacking seta), Djeboa bomiensis is similar to D. rotundata K. Viets, 1914. The latter differs most noticeably in the rounded shape of the idiosoma, and also in a more slender P- 3 and P- 4 (Cook 1966). A re-examination of type material shows that the statement of Cook (1966) that swimming hairs are absent in D. bomiensis (followed later in the key of K.O.Viets 1970) is erroneous. Distribution: Liberia, widely distributed and numerous.Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Cook, David, Gerecke, Reinhard & Smit, Harry, 2013, The water mite family Mideopsidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia): a contribution to the diversity in the Afrotropical region and taxonomic changes above species level, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 3720 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3720.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28502
Djeboa liberiensis Cook 1966
No full textDjeboa liberiensis (Cook, 1966) (Figs. 25 A–F) Mideopsis (Djeboa) liberiensis Cook, 1966: 234. Material examined: Type series: FMC, Liberia; holotype female, Bomi Hills road, stream at bridge 19, 8.xii. 1957, Cook (Coll. 85); paratypes: same date and site, 3 / 1 /0; same site, 6.i. 1957 (Coll. 27), 3 / 9 /0; same site, 23.i. 1957 (Coll. 36), 7 / 7 /0; Coll. 40, 1/0(0; Coll. 41, 8/ 8 /0; Coll. 42, 9/ 23 /0; Coll. 50, 0/ 3 /0; Coll. 51, 1/0/0; Coll. 74, 1/0/0; Coll. 76, 1/ 9 /0; Coll. 83, 0/ 2 /0; Coll. 84, 1/ 2 /0; Coll. 87, 2/ 2 /0; Coll. 88, 6/ 3 /0; Coll. 91, 6/ 5 /0; Coll. 92, 4/ 3 /0; Coll. 93, 1/ 13 /0; Coll. 94, 4/ 3 /0; Coll. 95, 1/0/0; Coll. 96, 1/ 2 /0; Coll. 98, 0/ 1 /0 (for details see Cook 1966). General features: Dorsal shield almost perfectly circular (L/W ratio 1.0), with extended medial depression occupying most of the shield (Fig. 25 A); muscle scars located anterior and posterior to the postocularia, with moderately pronounced thickenings; anterior and central portion of dorsal shield blue; edges of ventral shield with large serrations; gnathosomal bay Y-shaped, noticeably narrowing in posterior half; tips of Cx-I ending posterior to frontal margin; medial margin of Cx-IV reduced to a little more than median angle; Cx-III and -IV with a series of longitudinal striae (three pairs of on Cx-IV). Palp as shown in Fig. 25 D: P- 1 with a dorsal seta; P- 2 with straight ventral and convexly bowed dorsal margin; P- 3 proximally thicker than distally, ventral margin with an proximal inflation, distally slightly concave; P- 4 slender, equally narrowing from the base to tip. Legs: I-L (Fig. 25 E) with I- L- 6 dL/H ratio 2.6–2.7, ventral margin distally convexly protruding; IV-L: Fig. 25 F. Remarks: In the round idiosoma shape, D. liberiensis resembles D. multidentata (K. Viets, 1911) which differs in possessing a patch violet in colour on the anterior dorsum and larger dimensions (Cook 1966). Distribution: Obviously the most frequently collected and most widely distributed species in Liberia.Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Cook, David, Gerecke, Reinhard & Smit, Harry, 2013, The water mite family Mideopsidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia): a contribution to the diversity in the Afrotropical region and taxonomic changes above species level, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 3720 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3720.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28502
Djeboa expansipalpis Cook 1966
No full textDjeboa expansipalpis (Cook, 1966) (Figs. 19 A–F, 37 F) Mideopsis (Djeboa) expansipalpis Cook 1966: 232. Material examined: Type series: FMC, Liberia; holotype female, Bomi Hills Road, stream at bridge 132, 31.i. 1958, Cook (Coll. 93); paratypes: same data as holotype, 2 / 2 /0; Coll. 50, 0/ 1 /0; Coll. 74, 0/ 1 /0; Coll. 86, 0/ 1 /0; Coll. 88 0/ 1 /0; Coll.92, 1/ 2 /0; Coll. 95, 1/0/0 (for details see Cook 1966). New records: Côte d’Ivoire, River N’zi near Tinbé, (T) drift day, 11.vii. 1977 Statzner 0/ 1 /0 (mounted). General features: Dorsal shield oval (L/W ratio 1.1–1.2), with medial depression; muscle scars anterior and posterior to postocularia with well pronounced thickenings; second pair of muscle scars extending to the edge of dorsal depression (Fig. 37 F); central portion of dorsal shield purple; gnathosomal bay V-shaped; tips of Cx-I ending slightly posterior to frontal margin; medial margins of Cx-IV reduced to a median angle and well separated from each other; posterior margin of Cx-IV extending posterolaterally. Palp (Fig. 19 D): P- 1 with a dorsal seta; P- 2 strongly inflated, with straight ventral and convexly bowed dorsal margin; P- 3 much higher proximally than ventrally, ventral margin slightly concave, dorsal margin strongly convex; P- 4 slender, basally thickened, from here to anterior tip equally narrowed. Legs: I-L (Fig. 19 E) with I-L- 6 L/H ratio 2.0, ventral margin distally convexly protruding; IV-L: Fig. 19 F. Discussion: The present species is similar to Djeboa compressa K. Viets, 1914 in shape of idiosoma and palp (P- 1 with dorsal seta, P- 4 slender, much longer than high) but differs in dorsal muscle scars, more pronounced and purple rather than blue, central portion of dorsal shield, the medial margins of Cx-IV more distanced from each other, and P- 3 even more expanded and lacking the characteristic dorsal indentation. Distribution: Liberia; first record from Côte d’Ivoire.Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Cook, David, Gerecke, Reinhard & Smit, Harry, 2013, The water mite family Mideopsidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia): a contribution to the diversity in the Afrotropical region and taxonomic changes above species level, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 3720 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3720.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28502
Colon_Crypt_Model_041321.nlogo
No full textTitle: Colon_Crypt_Model_041321.nlogo
Research genre: Computer program
Creator: Axelrod, David E.
Date Created: 2021
Extent: 1 digital file (393 KB)
Intended Audience: Science
Description: Computer program that simulates and plots the dynamics of stem cells, transient amplifying cells, differentiated cells, and mutant cells in normal human colon crypts and early colon cancer. It has been calibrated with measurements of human biopsy specimens. Includes graphical user interface, detailed information text, and annotated code. Experiments can be run from the GUI without knowledge of coding, or from the Behavior Space Tool using example code or modified code. It has been used to simulate human colon cancer initiation, therapy, and prevention. Different chemotherapy or prevention intermittent dose schedules can be input. Chemotherapy of heterogeneous and drug resistant early colon cancers can be simulated. Circadian cell proliferation can be selected to investigate chronomodulated chemotherapy dose schedules. Simulated output can be saved in spreadsheet format, or as images of plots of cell numbers as function of time.
The model was developed in the application NetLogo version 5.3.1, and revisions made to also run in NetLogo version 6.2.0. The model will not run on the Web version of NetLogo. NetLogo is a multi-agent programmable modeling environment. It is authored by Uri Wilenski and developed at The Center for Connected Learning (CCL) and Computer-Based Modeling. It is multi-platform (Mac, Windows, or Linux) open source application.
NetLogo version 6.2.0, can be downloaded at http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/download.shtml. To download the computer program click on the red link “NLOGO" to the left.
Earlier versions of the model and its use have been described in the following publications: Theoret Biol Med Model. 2013;10:66-89. Cancer Chemother Pharmcol 2017;79:889-898. Converg Sci Phys Oncol 2017;3:035004. Cancer Inform 2019;18:1-8. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2020;4:514-520. A forthcoming publication will describe results of circadian-timed chemotherapy.
Research Domain: Science
Subjects: Chronotherapy: Circadian: Colorectal cancer: Chemotherapy: Agent-based model
Rights statement: The author owns the copyright to this work
Djeboa unimaculata Cook 1966
No full textDjeboa unimaculata (Cook, 1966) (Figs. 34 A–F, 40 K–L) Mideopsis (Djeboa) unimaculata Cook, 1966: 236. Material examined: Type series: FMC, Liberia; holotype female, one mile north of Suehn, stream, 30.vi. 1958, Cook (Coll. 99); paratypes: same site as holotype, 20.ii. 1958 (Coll. 96); Coll. 88, 2/0/0 (details see Cook 1966). New records: Côte d’Ivoire, River N’zi near Fetekro (F), drift day, 13.i. 1977 Statzner 0/ 1 /0 (mounted); Ghana: Namini stream, Kakum NP, 5 º 23.396 N, 1 º 23.294 W, 12.ii. 2013 Smit 1 /0/0; Ankasa River, Ankasa NP, 5 º 13.011 N, 2 º 39.126 W, 13.ii. 2013 Smit 1 /0/0; tributary of Oguntwe, Ankasa NP, 5 º 16.563 N, 2 º 38.733 W, 78 m asl., 14.ii. 2013 Smit 0/ 1 /0; Ankasa Exploration Base stream, Ankasa NP, 5 º 16.413 N, 2 º 38.810 W, 81 m asl., 14.ii. 2013 Smit 1 / 1 /0; Ankasa Exploration Base trail stream, Ankasa NP, 5 º 16.415 N, 2 º 38.751 W, 80 m asl., 14.ii. 2013 Smit 1 / 1 /0; Plunge pool, Tsatsudo Falls, 7 º 07.390 N, 0º 23.365 E, 179 m asl., 22.ii. 2013 Smit 0/ 2 /0. General features: Dorsal shield oval (L/W ratio 1.1), with medial depression; muscle scars with little pronounced thickenings, located anterior and posterior to the postocularia; colour pattern consisting of an anterior blue patch (Figs. 40 K–L); gnathosomal bay Y-shaped, noticeably narrowing in posterior half; tips of Cx-I ending posterior to frontal margin; medial margin of Cx-IV reduced to a median angle; Cx-III and -IV with a series of longitudinal striae (four or five pairs on Cx-IV). Palp (Fig. 34 D): P- 1 with a dorsal seta; P- 2 with straight ventral and convexly bowed dorsal margin; P- 3 proximally thicker than distally, ventral margin concave; P- 4 slender, equally narrowing from the base to tip. Legs: I-L (Fig. 34 E) with I-L- 6 L/H ratio 2.0– 2.3, ventral margin strongly protruding; IV-L: Fig. 34 F. Remarks: The dorsal colour pattern of D. unimaculata resembles that of D. multidentata K. Viets, 1911, but in the latter the patch is violet in colour. Furthermore, the idiosoma of D. multidentata is much smaller and proportionally narrower and the palp segments are proportionally much shorter (Cook 1966). Distribution: Liberia (Cook 1966), Côte d’Ivoire (first record), Ghana (first record).Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Cook, David, Gerecke, Reinhard & Smit, Harry, 2013, The water mite family Mideopsidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia): a contribution to the diversity in the Afrotropical region and taxonomic changes above species level, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 3720 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3720.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28502
O sistema natural indica as saídas [entrevistado por Flavia Pardini]
No full textA análise sistêmica, baseada na ciência, é o caminho para ajudar os homens a reduzir os impactos sociais e ambientais de suas atividades e possibilitar que todos tenham uma vida realizada, diz David Cook, principal executivo do The Natural Step (TNS). Uma organização nascida na Suécia há 15 anos, o TNS tem experiência com empresas e na área educacional. Agora quer influenciar também as políticas de modo mais amplo
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