194 research outputs found
CLaRO: a Data-driven CNL for Specifying Competency Questions
No full textCompetency Questions (CQs) for an ontology and similar artefacts aim to provide insights into the contents of an ontology and to demarcate its scope. The absence of a controlled natural language, tooling and automation to support the authoring of CQs has hampered their effective use in ontology development and evaluation. The few question templates that exists are based on informal analyses of a small number of CQs and have limited coverage of question types and sentence constructions. We aim to fill this gap by proposing a template-based CNL to author CQs, called CLaRO. For its design, we exploited a new dataset of 234 CQs that had been processed automatically into 106 patterns, which we analysed and used to design a template-based CNL, with an additional CNL model and XML serialisation. The CNL was evaluated with a subset of questions from the original dataset and with two sets of newly sourced CQs. The coverage of CLaRO, with its 93 main templates and 41 linguistic variants, is about 90% for unseen questions. CLaRO has the potential to facilitate streamlining formalising ontology content requirements and, given that about one third of the competency questions in the test sets turned out to be invalid questions, assist in writing good questions
Report on industrial attachment with CNL Technologies Pte Ltd
No full textAuthor was attached to CNL Technologies Private Limited as an Assistant Engineer for the period of six months. He was attached to Sales and Marketing department and completed the CNLTech.com project and also attached to Project and Enginnering team to spearhead the eeTelco.come project
CLaRO: a Controlled Language for Authoring Competency Questions
No full textCompetency Questions (CQs) assist in the development and maintenance of ontologies and similar knowledge organisation systems. The absence of tools to support the authoring of CQs has hampered their effective use. The few existing question templates have limited coverage of sentence constructions and are restricted to OWL. We aim to address this by proposing the \cqcnl~template-based CNL to author CQs. For its design, we exploited a new dataset of 234 CQs that had been processed automatically into 106 patterns, which we analysed and used to design a template-based CNL, with an additional CNL model and XML serialisation. The CNL was evaluated, showing coverage of about 90\% with the 93 templates and their 41 variants. \cqcnl~has the potential to facilitate streamlining formalising ontology content requirements and, given that about one third of the CQs in the test sets turned out to be invalid questions, assist in writing good questions
A Comparative Study on the Impacts of Interface Traps on Tunneling FET and MOSFET
No full textIn this paper, the impacts of interface traps on tunneling FET (TFET) are examined in terms of different trap energies and distributions, charge neutrality level (CNL), and effects of random trap fluctuation, in comparison with MOSFET. It is found that the V-th shifts and subthreshold swing (SS) degradation induced by interface traps in TFET and MOSFET have the same trends, but the impacts on I-ON are different because of the novel conduction mechanism of TFETs when compared with MOSFETs. Moreover, nTFET is intrinsically more immune (or susceptible) to Vth shift induced by acceptor- (or donor-) type interface traps than nMOSFET. Therefore, reducing the potential degradation induced by the interface traps can be achieved by optimizing the position of CNL. The results indicate that nTFET is more immune to the Vth shift than nMOSFET with CNL below a critical energy. In addition, the trap-induced SS degradation of TFET is severer than MOSFET in electrostatics. Moreover, it is found that the I-ON, Vth, and I-OFF fluctuations in nMOSFET and nTFET are also dependent on the position of CNL. With CNL below the critical energy, the I-ON fluctuation and Vth fluctuation of nTFET are smaller than those of nMOSFET. The results are helpful for the interface optimization of TFETs.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000337753300010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Engineering, Electrical & ElectronicPhysics, AppliedSCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]
A controlled natural language interface for authoring access control policies
No full textWith increasingly distributed computing systems, the management task of controlling access to shared resources becomes more and more complicated. Policy based access control systems may provide a solution to this problem, but the issue then becomes one of how to easily specify access control policies. We have designed and implemented a user interface that enables novice users to author their own access control policies using a controlled natural language (CNL) interface. With this interface, users are able to author their policies by typing sentences in a sub set of the English language. The sentences are then parsed and output as a machine readable policy, ready for automatic enforcement by a policy decision point (PDP). In this paper we describe the details of the design and implementation of this CNL interface, along with a summary of the user evaluation
Construction and demolition waste management in Hong Kong
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: J Jian-li HaoAuthor name used in this publication: C N L Fan2005-2006 > Academic research: refereed > Chapter in an edited book (author)Version of RecordPublishedPublisher permissio
Constituent solubility and dissolution in a CuCl-HCl-H2O ternary system
No full textThe copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle has significantly lower temperature requirements than most other cycles of thermochemical hydrogen production. The cycle involves multiple steps which include multiphase transport processes. Thermodynamic equilibrium of ternary mixtures in the Cu-Cl cycle have important effects on the transport processes. A ternary system consisting of cuprous chloride (CuCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and water exists in different variations of the Cu-Cl cycle. In this paper, new correlations are developed for the solubility of the ternary system, which are essential to providing accurate boundary conditions for the transport processes. This paper examines these multi-constituent transport processes and the corresponding constituent solubilities. A new semi-empirical formulation is presented for the solubility of the ternary system. Results are given and discussed.Ontario Research Excellence FundCanadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canad
Evaluation of Sleeve Friction Measurement in Soft Soils Using Rate Interface Tests Under Different Boundary Conditions
No full textSleeve friction (fs) measurements in soft organic soils are influenced by interface rate-dependency and large-deformation shearing. The evaluation of fs measurement during piezocone soundings (CPTu) is done with rate-dependent interface shear tests conducted under different boundary and drainage conditions. Contact behaviour between soft soil and smooth steel was investigated in ring shear apparatus, and direct shear box device with pore water pressure measurement. In undrained regime, the peak interface shear strength under constant height (CH) and constant normal load (CNL) conditions are coherent, whereas the residual interface undrained shear strength under CNL mode is approximately two times higher than under CH mode. It is demonstrated that normally consolidated soft soil – steel interface exhibits negative viscous behaviour. The fs variability is primarily influenced by the interface boundary conditions. It was observed that the fs measurements fall within interface shear strength measured under CNL and CH conditions, exhibiting a tendency leaning towards CNL mode. The CH condition is barely meet in CPTu sounding. The widely held assumption that fs is equal to the remoulded undrained shear strength is merely coincidental. The presented research provides further insights into soft soil – smooth steel interface behaviour and enhances the CPTu data interpretation.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Formalizing Contract Refinements Using a Controlled Natural Language
No full textThe formalization of natural language contracts can make the prescriptions found in these contracts more precise, promoting the development of smart contracts, which are digitized forms of the documents where the monitoring and execution can be partially automated. Full formalization remains a difficult problem, and this thesis makes steps towards solving this challenge by focusing on a narrow sub-problem of formalizing contract refinements. We want to allow a contract author to customize a contract template, and automatically convert the resulting contract to a formal specification language called Symboleo, created specifically for the legal contract domain. The hope is that research towards partial formalization can be useful on its own, as well as useful towards the full formalization of contracts.
The main questions addressed by this thesis involve asking what linguistic forms these refinements will take. Answering these questions involves both linguistic analysis and empirical analysis on a set of real contracts to construct a controlled natural language (CNL). This language is expressive and natural enough to be adopted by contract authors, and it is precise enough that it can reliably be converted into the proper formal specification. We also design a tool, SymboleoNLP, that demonstrates this functionality on realistic contracts. This involves ensuring that the contract author can input contract refinements that adhere to our CNL, and that the refinements are properly formalized with Symboleo.
In addition to contributing an evidence-based CNL for contract refinements, this thesis
also outlines a very clear methodology for constructing this CNL, which may need to go through iterations as requirements change and as the Symboleo language evolves. The SymboleoNLP tool is another contribution, and is designed for iterative improvement. We explore a number of potential areas where further NLP techniques may be integrated to improve performance, and the tool is designed for easy integration of these modules to adapt to emerging technologies and changing requirements
Management in engineering consultancies: with special reference to the Carl Bro Group and Peter Deer and Associates: executive summary
No full textIn my portfolio I have attempted, through projects and post module work in both a large and a small start up company, to examine consulting engineering firms as businesses. Firstly identifying the key issues then developing a framework of ideas that could be used by others. Because of the lack of literature directly related to the practice of consultipg engineering in construction I have looked outside that industry for references to guide me. In this summary I have attempted to consolidate the information gained. This would be useful as a starting point when assessing an existing businesses or as guidance for start-up firms
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