102,166 research outputs found
Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity
No full text Pages R837–R847: K. A. Engelke, D. F. Doerr, and V. A. Convertino. “Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity.” On p. 837, the author line of the article and abstract and the affiliation line should read as follows: KEITH A. ENGELKE, DONALD F. DOERR, CRAIG G. CRANDALL, AND VICTOR A. CONVERTINO Department of Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida 32899; Department of Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas 76107; and Physiology Research Branch, Clinical Science Division, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235 </jats:p
Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity
No full text Pages R837–R847: K. A. Engelke, D. F. Doerr, and V. A. Convertino. “Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity.” On p. 837, the author line of the article and abstract and the affiliation line should read as follows: KEITH A. ENGELKE, DONALD F. DOERR,CRAIG G. CRANDALL, AND VICTOR A. CONVERTINO Department of Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida 32899;Department of Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas 76107; and Physiology Research Branch, Clinical Science Division, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235 </jats:p
Indoor vertical greening for regulating building microclimate
No full textThe integration of vegetation in buildings can increase the environmental sustainability of urban
contexts as well as produce other relevant unquantifiable effects. Vegetation can be applied both on the
exterior side of the buildings’ envelope and inside, in different ways and layouts. Green façades are a
specific kind of vertical greening for buildings consisting of plants covering vertical walls of buildings. The
presence of vegetation on the envelope positively affects the building’s thermal and acoustic performance,
air quality, aesthetics, with relevant consequences in terms of energy and cost savings and human wellbeing. Until now, research has focused mainly on vertical greening systems applied to the exterior side of
the buildings, but indoor applications deserve attention as well. This is the reason behind the present
research: assessing the physical functioning of an indoor green façade. To this end, an experimental
prototype of an indoor greening system was designed and realized to be monitored, at the University of
Bari. The prototype consists of a sealed chamber, with evergreen plants, properly equipped with sensors for
collecting air, soil and plant parameters, needed for studying the system functioning. The database created
with the collected data enables investigations of the green façade behaviour and effects. A better
understanding of this green technology, allowing for informed design and knowledge of induced effects,
can promote the spread of indoor green façades
Heat transfer mechanisms in vertical green systems and energy balance equations
No full textThe use of vegetated vertical systems is a sustainable technology for improving the energy efficiency of buildings in cities in order to reduce the energy consumption for air conditioning in summer and to increase the thermal insulation in winter. increasing urban green infrastructure (ugi) in a city can contribute to improve urban climate in summer reducing buildings surface temperature and urban air especially in southern europe. the application of vertical green systems requires the knowledge of the energy performance of the applied greenery system. the choice of the green facades depends on the local climate, water availability, building shape. the presence of green facades affects the building microclimate all day, by reducing heat waves during the warm periods and heat losses from the building in the cold period. the heat and mass transfer between the external environment, the green facades and the building surface determine the building microclimate. solar radiation, long wave infrared radiation, convective heat transfer and evapotranspiration are the main mechanisms of heat transfer in a green façade. the paper describes the main parameters concerning heat flow in green facades that can be used in simulation models for predicting temperatures in buildings using the external weather conditions as model inputs. the input parameters are: external air temperature and relative humidity, solar radiation, wind velocity and direction, plants and building characteristics. the green facade was described by a schematic representation, four layers were defined: the green layer, the external surface of the building wall, the internal surface of the building wall, the air inside the building. the energy balance was defined for each layer and all the terms involved in the energy exchange between the layers were defined as a function of the plant, the weather conditions and the constructive characteristics of the wall
Convective heat transfer in green façade system
No full textGreen fac ̧ades are passive living technologies applied to buildings. They produce many
advantages for human wellbeing, building performance, and city environments. Knowledge
of the energy behaviour of green fac ̧ade systems is needed to inform their best
design and application, and to define their energy performances. Heat and mass exchanges
between the system and the surrounding environment must be determined. In
this paper, the schematisation of the green fac ̧ade system into layers and the energy
balance approach are proposed. This study focuses on the analysis of the convective heat
transfer occurring between the plant layer and the external air. It is difficult to realistically
describe this mechanism and many approaches in the literature were considered.
Six different formulae were evaluated. Mathematical modelling and empirical data were
both used. Once it was discovered that forced convection was the prevailing convective
type, selected formulae were applied to the data, which were collected from an experimental
green fac ̧ade at the University of Bari. Based on the energy balance of the plant
layer, a comparison between the calculated and measured values was carried out.
Qualitative and quantitative statistical methods were used to assess the goodness-of-fit
of the considered convective models. These analyses suggest the least and the most
suitable approaches for convective heat transfer evaluation. The empirical equation of
Morrison and Barfield and an adaptation to green fac ̧ades of Deardorff model showed the
best agreement. This study could be extended in order to write codes for building energy
simulation software
Evaluation of the cooling effect provided by a green façade as nature-based system for buildings
No full textA strategy to make cities greener involves the use of green infrastructures. In this context, green façades applied to vertical envelope of buildings are one of the most promising technologies. Their contribution is particularly significant as passive cooling systems for buildings. Green façades allow to decrease air and surfaces temperatures mainly by canopy evapotranspiration and shading. Such processes are strongly influenced by environmental conditions and canopy characteristics. Aim of this research was to model and evaluate evapotranspirative and shading effects. Data recorded on an experimental prototype of building equipped with green façade were used for model development and assessment. Canopy characteristics, as leaf area index in vertical greening, were defined. Evapotranspiration was both measured with a load cell and evaluated through the green layer energy balance. The goodness-of-fit of the models was assessed by statistical indices. The models using Penman-Monteith and Deardorff formula, in summer, recorded average values of root mean square error equal to 12.48 W m−2 and to 14.61 W m−2, respectively. Plant coefficients useful for the application in vertical greening of the standardized evapotranspiration reference equation were defined. These were equal to 1.3 and 2.0 for Rhyncospermum Jasminoides in summer and spring, respectively. The daily overall cooling effect in summer, due to evapotranspiration and shading, was equal, on average, to 16.2 MJ m−2 of wall surface. Shading contributed about twice as much as the evapotranspiration. The findings of this research can be a useful contribution to writing routines of building energy models expressly developed for green façades
Applying the questionnaire-based Implicit Association Test to measure automatic negative thinking
No full textIn a cognitive-behavioural theoretical framework, automatic negative thoughts are considered among the main determinants of depression and other disorders. Negative thinking is usually assessed through self-report scales, although several studies demonstrated their proneness to well-known confounds like introspective limits and social desirability. In the last decades several measures have been developed, within an implicit social cognition framework, that allow to moderate these confounds. Among them, the questionnaire-based Implicit Association Test (qIAT) is a latency-based paradigm well-suited to measure automatic propositional thinking. In this vein, two versions of the qIAT were designed to measure negative thinking, and successively tested in two different studies (with 118 and 71 participants, respectively). Internal consistency and concurrent validity of the new qIATs were assessed, along with their vulnerability to faking. Results showed adequate, even though not optimal, internal consistency for both qIATs. Across the two studies small/moderate positive correlations of the qIAT with two traditional self-report measures of depression were found, along with small/moderate negative correlations with satisfaction with life, self-esteem, and positive affects scales, supporting the concurrent validity of the new measures. Finally, both studies showed that the qIAT is considerably less vulnerable to faking compared to a traditional self-report scale of depression
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