188,080 research outputs found
The mitochondrial genome of the venomous cone snail conus consors
No full textCone snails are venomous predatory marine neogastropods that belong to the species-rich superfamily of the Conoidea. So far, the mitochondrial genomes of two cone snail species (Conus textile and Conus borgesi) have been described, and these feed on snails and worms, respectively. Here, we report the mitochondrial genome sequence of the fish-hunting cone snail Conus consors and describe a novel putative control region (CR) which seems to be absent in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of other cone snail species. This possible CR spans about 700 base pairs (bp) and is located between the genes encoding the transfer RNA for phenylalanine (tRNA-Phe, trnF) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (cox3). The novel putative CR contains several sequence motifs that suggest a role in mitochondrial replication and transcription
Venomous secretions from marine snails of the Terebridae family target acetylcholine receptors
No full textVenoms from cone snails (Conidae) have been extensively studied during the last decades, but those from other members of the suborder Toxoglossa, such as of Terebridae and Turridae superfamilies attracted less interest so far. Here, we report the effects of venom and gland extracts from three species of the superfamily Terebridae. By 2-electrode voltage-clamp technique the gland extracts were tested on Xenopus oocytes expressing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of rat neuronal (α3β2, α3β4, α4β2, α4β4, α7) and muscle subtypes (α1β1γδ), and expressing potassium (Kv1.2 and Kv1.3) and sodium channels (Nav1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6). The extracts were shown to exhibit remarkably high inhibitory activities on almost all nAChRs tested, in particular on the α7 subtype suggesting the presence of peptides of the A-superfamily from the venom of Conus species. In contrast, no effects on the potassium and sodium channels tested were observed. The venoms of terebrid snails may offer an additional source of novel biologically active peptides
The Effect of Cross-Linking Treatment on Conus Curvature and Higher Order Corneal Aberrations in Keratoconus
No full textObjectives: To study the effect of corneal collagen cross-linking on conus curvature and corneal aberrations in keratoconus.
Materials and Methods: The medical records of thirty-seven eyes of 32 progressive keratoconus patients (17 male, 15 female, mean
age: 22.13±4.64 years) who had undergone corneal cross-linking were evaluated retrospectively. The change in refractive errors, visual
acuity on Snellen charts, average keratometry, conus curvature, and corneal aberrations calculated at 6.00 mm pupil size throughout
the follow-up time were compared with paired t-test. The correlation of the change in best-corrected visual acuity and in uncorrected
visual acuity with the change of the parameters which had statistically significant difference at 18 months was studied with Pearson’s
correlation analysis.
Results: The best-corrected visual acuity, uncorrected visual acuity, spherical and cylindrical error, average keratometry, conus curvature,
vertical coma, total corneal aberrations, total higher order aberrations had statistically significant difference at 18 postoperative months
(p=0.001). Spherical aberration (p=0.95) and horizontal coma (p=0.78) did not show statistically significant difference at the end
of follow-up. The change in uncorrected visual acuity correlated with change in conus curvature (r=-0.420, p=0.01) and change in
cylindrical refraction (r=0.453, p=0.005) at 18 months. The change in best-corrected visual acuity correlated with change in total corneal
aberrations (r=-0.490, p=0.002), vertical coma (r=0.408, p=0.01), average keratometry (r=-0.386, p=0.02), conus curvature (r=-0.381,
p=0.02), and total higher order aberrations (r=-0.326, p=0.05) at 18 months.
Conclusion: Corneal collagen cross-linking treatment applied to progressive keratoconus cases induces significant decrease in conus
curvature, in total corneal aberrations, and in higher order aberrations, especially in vertical coma, and leads to a prominent visual acuity
increase eventually. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 184-9
Un «Pseudo-Galien» dans le commentaire de Stephanos d'Athènes aux Aphorismes d'Hippocrate
No full textREB 56 1998 France p. 5-78
Wanda Wolska-Conus, Un «Pseudo-Galien» dans le commentaire de Stéphanos d'Athènes aux Aphorismes d'Hippocrate : Ό Νεώτερος 'Εξηγητής. — Reviewing carefully the forty-three passages which Stéphanos ascribes to Galen, the author reaches the conviction that this attribution is erroneous. Are not the passages in question to be attributed to the exeget called the «Newer Exeget», whom Stéphanos asserts «he is explaining him» ?</jats:p
Un «Pseudo-Galien» dans le commentaire de Stephanos d'Athènes aux Aphorismes d'Hippocrate
No full textREB 56 1998 France p. 5-78
Wanda Wolska-Conus, Un «Pseudo-Galien» dans le commentaire de Stéphanos d'Athènes aux Aphorismes d'Hippocrate : Ό Νεώτερος 'Εξηγητής. — Reviewing carefully the forty-three passages which Stéphanos ascribes to Galen, the author reaches the conviction that this attribution is erroneous. Are not the passages in question to be attributed to the exeget called the «Newer Exeget», whom Stéphanos asserts «he is explaining him» ?Passant minutieusement en revue les quarante-trois passages attribués par Stephanos à Galien, l'auteur arrive à la conviction qu'il s'agit là de fausses attributions. Les passages incriminés ne reviennent-ils pas plutôt à l'exégète dit «le Nouvel Exégète» que Stephanos affirme «être en train d'expliquer» ? La question reste ouverte.Wolska-Conus Wanda. Un «Pseudo-Galien» dans le commentaire de Stephanos d'Athènes aux Aphorismes d'Hippocrate. In: Revue des études byzantines, tome 56, 1998. pp. 5-78
Conus fuscocingulatus Hornes 1851
No full text<i>Conus fuscocingulatus</i> Hörnes, 1851 <p>Figs 39, 40N; Table 17</p> <p> <i>Conus fusco-cingulatus</i> Hörnes, 1851: 21 (partim), pl. 1 figs 5a–c.</p> <p> <i>Conus</i> (<i>Chelyconus</i>) <i>fuscocingulatus</i> – Hoernes & Auinger 1879: 47, pl. 1 figs 10–11,?13 (non fig.12=? <i>Conus moravicus</i> Hoernes&Auinger,1879,see Harzhauser&Landau2016). <i>Conus</i> (<i>Dendroconus</i>) <i>ochreocingulata</i> – Sacco 1893a: 12 (unnecessary new name for <i>Conus fuscocingulatus</i> of Hoernes & Auinger 1879: pl. 1 figs 10–11). <i>Conus</i> (<i>Dendroconus</i>) <i>pötzleinsdorfensis</i> – Sacco 1893a: 12 (? unnecessary new name for nov. nom. pro <i>Conus fuscocingulatus</i> in Hoernes & Auinger 1879: pl. 1 fig. 13). <i>Conus basteroti</i> – Caze 2010: 61, fig. 33L (non <i>Conus basteroti</i> Mayer-Eymar, 1891).</p> <p> <i>Phasmoconus fuscocingulatus</i> – Harzhauser & Landau 2016: 123, 125, figs 12, 17w –x, 29c–f.</p> Type material <p> <b>Syntype</b> AUSTRIA – <b>Pötzleinsdorf</b> • NHMW 1846 /0037/0055.</p> Material examined <p> GREECE – <b>Crete</b> • 9 specs; 1990; Action spécifique du Muséum project (1989–1990) exped.; MNHN.F.A83082 to MNHN.F.A83090 • 1 spec.; Achladhia; 1964; Nikolaos Symeonidis leg.; AMPG(IV) 3832 • 12 specs; Filippi; 35.035° N, 25.250° E; Efterpi Koskeridou leg.; AMPG (IV) 3833 to AMPG (IV) 3844 • 3 specs; same locality; 2017; Christos Psarras leg.; AMPG (IV) 3845 to AMPG (IV) 3847 • 3 specs; Partira; Efterpi Koskeridou leg.; AMPG(IV) 3848 to AMPG(IV) 3850 • 1 spec.; Tefeli; Efterpi Koskeridou leg.; AMPG(IV) 3851 • 6 specs; same collection data as for preceding; AMPG (IV) 3852 to AMPG (IV) 3857 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; AMPG (IV) 3858 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; AMPG (IV) 3859 to AMPG (IV) 3860.</p> Description of colour pattern <p>The colour pattern on the last whorl consists of evenly spaced spiral rows of continuous lines. Between the spirals, very thin, wavy, mostly discontinuous spiral lines exist. The spiral rows, of continuous lines on spiral grooves, are just above every spiral groove. On the spire whorls, the spiral lines start near the shoulder of the shell, while the spiral line near the suture is partly covered by the growing shell. The lines are not always of the same width and vary from clear lines with specific boundaries to wavy, blurry lines.</p> Remarks <p> Harzhauser & Landau (2016) described the morphological variation of <i>Conus fuscocingulatus</i> and briefly characterised its colour patterns. We consider that our material belongs to this species and expand the colour pattern description. Our specimens show a diversity at the angulation (Fig. 39A, E) and width (Fig. 39D, F) of the shoulder, as well as at the height of the spire (Fig. 39B, G) (Table 17). Nevertheless, other characteristics such as the dense spiral cords and grooves on the anterior part of the last whorl, the shallow subsutural flexure (Fig. 40N), and the very clear colour pattern are indicative of the conspecificity of the specimens. Usually, the spire whorls of the specimens are eroded and only few beads and indistinct swellings are visible. From those characteristics, we could place this species in <i>Conus</i> (<i>Stephanoconus</i>) Mörch, 1852, but the colour pattern variation is clearly different from the patterns seen in extant <i>Conus</i> (<i>Stephanoconus</i>). We also disagree with the placement of this species in <i>Conus</i> (<i>Phasmoconus</i>), as this subgenus engulfs many species with radically different morphological and colour pattern variations (e.g., see Monnier <i>et al</i>. 2018). An extant species from Papua-New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, attributed to <i>Conus</i> (<i>Phasmoconus</i>) aff. <i>mucronatus</i> Reeve, 1843 by Monnier <i>et al</i>. (2018) displays a rather similar colour pattern, but differs from <i>Conus fuscocingulatus</i> Hörnes, 1851 by flammulae on its spire whorls, many discontinuous spiral rows and an angulate shoulder.</p> Stratigraphic range <p>Langhian of Paratethys (see Harzhauser & Landau 2016 for more details) and Tortonian of Greece (Messara and Sitia Basins) (this work).</p>Published as part of <i>Psarras, Christos, Merle, Didier & Koskeridou, Efterpi, 2022, Late Miocene Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Crete (Greece). Part 2, pp. 1-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 816</i> on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.816.1747, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6484261">http://zenodo.org/record/6484261</a>
Stephanos d'Athènes et Stephanos d'Alexandrie : Essai d'identification et de biographie
No full textREB 47 1989 France p. 5-89
Wanda Wolska-Conus, Stephanos d'Athènes et Stephanos d'Alexandrie. Essai d'identification et de biographie. — Passant en revue les écrits de divers Stephanos qui ont vécu à la charnière du 6e et du 7e siècle, ainsi que les documents grecs, arméniens et syriaques qui distinguent plusieurs Stephanos, l'auteur propose d'y voir un seul personnage, Stephanos d'Athènes, philosophe, sophiste, médecin et astronome.Wolska-Conus Wanda. Stephanos d'Athènes et Stephanos d'Alexandrie : Essai d'identification et de biographie. In: Revue des études byzantines, tome 47, 1989. pp. 5-89
Conus praecellens A. Adams 1854
No full text45. <i>Conus praecellens</i> A. Adams, 1854 (Figure 46) <p> <i>Conus praecellens</i> A. Adams, 1854: 119 (type, BMNH (35 x 15 mm); " China Seas ").</p> <p> <i>Conus bicolor</i> Sowerby I, 1833: pt. 24, fig. 2 (representation of lectotype, Sowerby I 1833: pt. 37, fig. 56 (36 x 18 mm) (Kohn 1992); " China ").</p> <p> <i>Conus sinensis</i> Sowerby II, 1841: 174–188.</p> <p> <i>Conus sowerbii</i> Reeve, 1849: 2 (type, BMNH (36 x 15 mm); locality unknown).</p> <p> <i>Conus sowerbyi</i> Sowerby II, 1857: 12 ("Feejee Islands").</p> <p> <i>Conus sowerbyi</i> var. <i>subaequalis</i> Sowerby III, 1870: 257, pl. 22, fig. 5 (" China Seas").</p> <p> <i>Materials examined:</i> MBMCS145, 1 specimen, SL 38 mm; SW 16 mm.</p> <p> <i>Description.</i> Shell moderately small, solid and bi-conic. Body whorl conical, outline convex adapically, slightly concave below. Shoulder carinate, with a moderately deep exhalent notch. Spire high, over 1/3 of the entire length, sharply pointed, stepped, outline slightly concave. Body whorl with punctuates or axially striate, spiral grooves of variable width separated by strong ribbons. Aperture narrow, uniformly wide; outer lip thin and straight.</p> <p>Ground colour dull white. Body whorl with spiral rows of dark brown dots and bars on ribbons and fusing into two to three spiral bands, below shoulder and on both sides of the centre. Aperture white.</p> <p> <i>Distribution.</i> Röckel <i>et al.</i> (1995) reported a specimen from Madras.</p> <p>We collected a specimen from Cuddalore (Table 6) by trawling in 20–40 m mainly on sandy-mud bottom.</p> <p> <i>Remarks.</i> This is the second record from India; <i>C. praecellens</i> appears to be an extremely rare species along the TamilNadu Coast.</p>Published as part of <i>Franklin, J. Benjamin, Subramanian, K. A., Fernando, S. Antony & Krishnan, K. S., 2009, 2250, pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 2250</i> on pages 42-4
Conus litoglyphus Hwass
No full text32. <i>Conus litoglyphus</i> Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Figure 33) <p> <i>Conus litoglyphus</i> Hwass in Bruguière, 1792: 692–693, no. 81 (lectotype, MHNG (52 x 29 mm) (Walls 1979); "les mers des grandes Indes").</p> <p> <i>Cucullus cinamomeus</i> Röding, 1798: 43, no. 534 (representation of lectotype, Martini 1773: pl. 57, fig. 631 (50 x 23 mm) (Kohn 1975); locality unknown).</p> <p> <i>Cucullus orleanus</i> Röding, 1798: 44, no. 558 (representation of lectotype, Chemnitz 1788: pl. 140, fig. 1298 (37 x 20 mm) (Kohn 1975); locality unknown).</p> <p> <i>Conus bicolor</i> Sowerby II, 1833: pt. 24, fig. 2 (representation of lectotype, Sowerby I 1833: pl. 24, fig. 2 (18 x 10 mm) (Röckel <i>et al.</i> 1995); locality unknown).</p> <p> <i>Conus albomaculatus</i> Sowerby II, 1841: pls. 177–184 (representation of lectotype, Sowerby II, 1833: pl. 24, fig. 2 (17.5 x 9.5 mm); " Moluccas, Indonesia ").</p> <p> <i>Conus lacinulatus</i> Kiener, 1845: pl. 108, fig. 2.</p> <p> <i>Conus carpenteri</i> Crosse, 1865: 302–303, pl. 9, fig. 1 (holotype, BMNH (46.5 x 25 mm); " Nova Guinea, Oceaniae ").</p> <p> <i>Conus (Rhizoconus) seychellensis</i> Nevill & Nevill, 1874: 22 (holotype, ZSI (SL 38.5 mm); " Seychelle Islands ").</p> <p> <i>Conus inermis</i> Tinker, 1952: pl. 178.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> MBMCS 132, 1 specimen, SL 46 mm; SW 24 mm.</p> <p> <i>Description.</i> Shell medium sized, solid, glossy. Body whorl conical, outline straight. Body whorl with widely spaced, partially granulose, spiral ribs basally. Shoulder broad, sub-angulate. Spire low, sides straight, whorls flat; early whorl eroded. Aperture uniformly narrow; outer lip thin, straight.</p> <p>Ground colour white. Body whorl overlaid with brownish, leaving spiral white bands at shoulder and below centre. White bands solid, irregularly interrupted by axial colour markings. Base dark brown. Spire mostly brown covered with triangular white spots, early whorls whitish. Aperture white, dark brown at base.</p> <p> <i>Distribution.</i> Except for the report of Röckel <i>et al.</i> (1995) from the Gulf of Mannar, no previous report is available on <i>C. litoglyphus</i> from India.</p> <p>The specimen described herein was collected from Mandapam (Table 6) by trawling in 10–30 m.</p> <p> <i>Remarks.</i> This is the second record from India after the report by Röckel <i>et al.</i> (1995). Kohn (1978) considered this species as unconfirmed from India, as it was reported only once. The occurrence of this species was verified by Röckel <i>et al.</i> (1995) and added in the list of conidae of India by Kohn (2001).</p>Published as part of <i>Franklin, J. Benjamin, Subramanian, K. A., Fernando, S. Antony & Krishnan, K. S., 2009, 2250, pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 2250</i> on page 3
Characterization of contryphans from Conus loroisii and Conus amadis that target calcium channels
No full textDistinctly different effects of two closely related contryphans have been demonstrated on voltage-activated channels. The peptides Lo959 and Am975 were isolated from Conus loroisii, a vermivorous marine snail and Conus amadis, a molluscivore, respectively. The sequences of Lo959 and Am975 were deduced by mass spectrometric sequencing (MALDI-MS/MS) and confirmed by chemical synthesis. The sequences of Lo959, and Am975, (O: 4-trans-hydroxyproline: Hyp), differ only at residue 3; Pro in Lo959, Hyp in Am975, which is identical to contryphan-P, previously isolated from Conus purpurascens, a piscivore; while Lo959 is a novel peptide. Both Lo959 and Am975 undergo slow conformational interconversion under reverse-phase chromatographic conditions, a characteristic feature of all contryphans reported thus far. Electrophysiological studies performed using dorsal root ganglion neurons reveal that both peptides target high voltage-activated channels. While Lo959 increases the current, Am975 causes inhibition. The results establish that subtle sequence effects, which accompany post-translational modifications in Conus peptides, can have dramatic effects on target ion channels
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