1,721,064 research outputs found
Dinamiche post-colturali in un ceduo misto di castagno ai suoi limiti ecologici.
No full textAbstract: Post-cultural stand dynamics in an abandoned chestnut coppice at its ecological border. Until the beginning of the last century, chestnut has played an important role as staple food and primary wood source. In
many cases it was cultivated at the border of its ecological limits where it was planted by man in place of the
original and more site-adapted tree species. However, with the abandonment of the rural activities,
management of chestnut forests was progressively left starting from more marginal areas, usually occupied
by coppice stands. After the interruption of the traditional coppice management system (usual rotation periods of 10-25 years), natural intra- and interspecific competition dynamics have become the driving force of
the stand evolution. This may lead to dramatic changes in both structure and species composition of the
stands. The aim of this study is to analyse the post-cultural evolution of an abandoned chestnut coppice in
the Pesio Valley (Piedmont, Italy) in order to highlight the competition among different ”basic silvicultural
components“ of the forest using a dendroecological approach. The ”basic silvicultural components“ are intended as the elements defined as groups of trees of the stand that have similar features such as
silviculturally relevant attributes: species (chestnut, beech, fir), origin (seed, sprout) and cultural age and
function (standard/reserve, maiden, shoot, regeneration, dead tree). The mean growth curves of the components show the different fitness of each category. From a general point of view, the beech and fir components
show a better competitive potential in comparison with chestnut. Among chestnut components, maidens
from seeds reveal a better growth trend compared to coppice shoots and standards
Woody species composition of chestnut stands in the Northern Apennines: the result of 200 years of changes in land use
No full textChestnut stands (orchards and coppices)
are among the most typical elements of the southern European mountain landscape and a protected habitat (9260 Castanea sativa woods) according to the European Union (Directive 92/43/EEC). As an anthropogenic
landscape, they require specific measures to
address preservation or to guide their evolutionary trend. In the Northern Apennines, a landscape multiscalar-
multitemporal approach was adopted to highlight factors that have acted on the evolution of this habitat and which still might affect either its preservation or its evolutionary dynamics. Using a diachronic
GIS-approach, we analyzed old cadastral
maps (drawn up 200 years ago), and aerial photographs. Both the present distribution pattern of the woody species and the incidence of important chestnut diseases were also surveyed. The factors explaining
the current extent and species composition of the local chestnut forests confirm their status as an anthropogenic habitat. The present landscape distribution of chestnut woods is heavily linked to past human
settlements. Chestnut blight and ink disease are more an indirect reason for past felling activities than an actual direct cause of damage to trees, because of the hypovirulence spread and the limited incidence of the ink disease. Vegetation dynamics of abandoned chestnut forests evolved only partly towards deciduous Beech and Hop Hornbeam stands, thus suggesting
both the possibility of a recovery of this cultivation and the need for new criteria for its management
Ribaltamento delle ceppaie di castagno - Individuazione delle zone a rischio e proposte selvicolturali
No full textOverage and abandoned chestnut coppice stands show an increasing frequency of uprooting events. The present study shows that these events mainly regard single tall stools located in steep slopes along depressions This situation increases the risk for dam-break and debris flow. Uprooting seems primarily caused by precarious stool static whereby the exaggerated above-ground mass cannot be counteracted by a too small and overage root apparatus. Coppicing or thinning before an age of 30 years old and diversification of the chestnut coppice structures would strongly contribute to reduce the risk of uprooting
Utilizzo delle litografie per la descrizione del paesaggio storico e del suo cambiamento
Full text linkSi valutano le potenzialità di un campione di litografie, omogeneo per ambito temporale ed incisore,
quale mezzo per la descrizione di paesaggi storici e base-line per l'analisi dei cambiamenti della
copertura del suolo. La fonte delle immagini è l'opera in quattro volumi de "Le Chiese
parrocchiali della diocesi di Bologna ritratte e descritte" di metà dell'Ottocento. Ciascuna litografia
deriva da disegni en plein air eseguiti da un medesimo autore, suggerendo una sorta di
standardizzazione nella modalità di rappresentazione. Presentiamo il processo di selezione delle
immagini utilizzando come parametri principali una buona rappresentazione paesaggistica e la
presenza di strutture utili alla georeferenziazione. In ciascuna immagine sono stati identificati i tipi
di uso del suolo, le peculiarità geomorfologiche e gli edifici (intesi come punti di controllo a terra).
Il processo di selezione ha portato all'individuazione di casi ricchi di punti di controllo a terra che
consentirà di eseguire una ripresa fotografica dal presumibile punto di osservazione originale
BANCA SEMI IN UN CEDUO DI CASTAGNO FUORI TURNO
No full textThe soil seed bank plays a fundamentalin forest regeneration. In this paper we report on the effects of a coppicing a 60 years old chestnut stand on the seed bank. The results confirm that the regeneration of chestnut coppice can be achieved through a simple coppicing, using both the resprouting capacity of the chestnut stools and the germination capacity of the chestnut fruits. In case of species displaying an annual irregulariti in seed production as oaks, the cut should take place following a mast year. Following this findings, the opportunity of a systematic standard for seed production in a coppiced chestnut stand could be discussed
Using chorographic sources to reconstruct past agro-forestry systems. A methodological approach based on the study case of the northern Apennines
Full text linkHistorical-geographical (chorographic) descriptions provide some of the earliest formal documentation about landscape. We propose a methodological approach aimed at reconstructing a spatial-explicit picture of the agroforestry system of a eighteenth-century landscape, detecting the main land-use drivers, and analysing existing legacies of past agro-forestry productivity in the present landscape. The study area was the Bologna Apennines, and our data source was a chorographic dictionary from 1781-83. We obtained a matrix of 240 administrative units per 18 agro-forestry products with related productivity indices. Multivariate analysis showed that environmental constraints influenced products and productivity. Agricultural areas (and related products) mainly shaped the hillside, while forests and semi-natural areas (and related products) characterized the mountainside. Such former clustering is still recognizable: agricultural land mostly changed to artificial land-cover, whereas semi-natural areas and forests still exist. The proposed approach confirms that chorography can be a useful tool as a primary source in landscape research
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