1,721,001 research outputs found
LA CNA E L'ARTIGIANATO MACERATESE. APPUNTI DI STORIE
Full text linkQuesto lavoro nasce dalla volontà della CNA - Associazione Territoriale di Macerata - di realizzare un approfondimento, accessibile a tutti, sull'evoluzione dell’artigianato e della CNA nella Provincia di Macerata, in collaborazione con l’Università degli Studi di Macerata. Senza pretesa di esaustività, l’obiettivo è quello di non disperdere le esperienze e le storie delle persone che hanno contribuito a plasmare l’identità dell’Associazione dal secondo dopoguerra alla fine degli anni Novanta del secolo scorso.
Dal punto di vista metodologico la ricerca è basata su articoli scientifici pubblicati su riviste nazionali e internazionali, monografie scientifiche, rapporti realizzati da istituti di ricerca e articoli tratti dalla stampa periodica. Inoltre, tra novembre 2019 e maggio 2020 sono state realizzate numerose interviste con artigiani, imprenditori, funzionari, dirigenti ed ex collaboratori della CNA Macerata, cioè coloro che hanno contribuito alla crescita dell’Associazione. E’ stata poi svolta una ricerca, raccolta e selezione di documenti d’archivio e materiali fotografici che completano i contenuti dei testi e delle interviste.
Lo studio è suddiviso in quattro capitoli che analizzano la storia della CNA Macerata dal secondo dopoguerra alla fine degli anni Novanta. Ogni capitolo illustra brevemente il quadro economico e sociale di riferimento. Viene poi proposta una selezione di temi che sono stati al centro del dibattito dell’Associazione. Vengono inoltre presentati contenuti e aneddoti tratti dalle interviste svolte con alcuni degli attori chiave della storia della CNA Macerata.
Il primo capitolo descrive le origini democratiche della CNA dal secondo dopoguerra agli anni Sessanta. Vengono illustrate le prime iniziative sindacali sul territorio, gli effetti della legge quadro del 1956 sull'artigianato e l’importanza della formazione professionale per il comparto artigiano.
Il secondo capitolo analizza lo sviluppo dell’artigianato durante gli anni Settanta. Sono descritte le azioni intraprese dalla CNA Macerata per rispondere alle esigenze di un artigianato e una società che cambiano. In questo periodo emerge l’importanza dei servizi di credito e inizia ad affermarsi la strategia di decentramento delle sedi dell’Associazione.
Il terzo capitolo presenta la rapida espansione dei servizi erogati alle imprese artigiane dalla CNA a partire dagli anni Ottanta. A fronte di un contesto internazionale sempre più dinamico, si configura un nuovo rapporto tra associati e rappresentanti dell’organizzazione. All'attività sindacale si affiancano servizi di consulenza, ricerca, internazionalizzazione e misure a sostegno di settori strategici come quello calzaturiero.
Il quarto capitolo analizza gli anni Novanta che sono caratterizzati da una profonda trasformazione politica che investe l’attività sindacale, la riforma delle pensioni, lo sviluppo dei servizi informatici e il ruolo crescente dei giovani e delle donne nella direzione delle imprese artigiane. Il quarto capitolo propone poi alcune riflessioni sul devastante sisma del 1997. Una tragedia indelebile nelle vite di molte comunità marchigiane ed umbre che sono state supportate anche dalle associazioni del territorio, come la CNA Macerata
Perspectives on entrepreneurship education. A review of empirical results, policy frameworks and methodological suggestions
No full textEntrepreneurship education (EE) programmes are booming in Europe at both the university and the vocational-school level. In the post covid-19 pandemic, EE has been promoted even further as a key policy tool to improve the level of competitiveness and innovation of European regions, through the creation of new ventures. Although national and regional governments have invested considerable resources in EE over the last two decades, extant research has reported mixed results about the impact EE exerts on students’ entrepreneurial intention (EI), skills, personal traits and career paths. The literature on EE is also broad and fragmented. Furthermore, there is still not a common framework regarding the design of EE programmes and the tools to assess their effectiveness. This paper offers three contributions to the study of EE. First, it reviews a selection of most cited and relevant articles about the impact of EE on students’ EI, to identify the main theoretical aspects and empirical findings. Second, this review synthesises both the advantages and the disadvantages of the most used empirical strategies and tools in this field of research; then, drawing on the studies reviewed, some methodological suggestions for evaluating EE programmes are proposed. Third, after describing the European and the Italian policyframeworks for EE, this paper presents a selection of recommendations which may inform the design and the implementation of both EE programmes and public policies
THE THIRD MISSION OF UNIVERSITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY: COLLABORATIVE APPROACHES TO FOSTER INNOVATION AND THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN PROJECTS
No full textLo sviluppo dell’economia della conoscenza, insieme alla globalizzazione e alla crisi finanziaria e ambientale, hanno contribuito notevolmente a ridisegnare e ampliare il ruolo dell’università. Le dinamiche della produzione della conoscenza stanno mutando, così come i modi in cui la società manifesta le proprie aspettative, esigenze e valori. In tale contesto, il mondo accademico si trova ad un crocevia rispetto alla valorizzazione dell’insegnamento, della ricerca e della terza missione (TM). Infatti, oltre alle tradizionali missioni accademiche di didattica e ricerca, una crescente pressione ha recentemente spinto l’università ad intraprendere anche la TM che, in modo piuttosto ambiguo, è stata etichettata come “contributo alla società”. Le università impegnate in attività di TM possono contribuire allo sviluppo economico, sociale e culturale delle regioni in cui operano, trasferendo conoscenze, saperi e tecnologie ai settori industriali e alla società. Allo stesso tempo, il mondo accademico è chiamato a dimostrare l’impiego efficiente delle risorse di natura pubblica e privata che riceve.
La TM è un fenomeno vasto, multidisciplinare, complesso e in costante evoluzione. Essa presenta numerosi aspetti critici e più necessita di innovazione nell’organizzazione delle università. Molteplici studi si sono principalmente concentrati sulle tradizionali missioni dell’insegnamento e della ricerca, oppure hanno offerto una prospettiva riduttiva della TM che non sembra supportarne efficacemente l’implementazione.
Alla luce di ciò, il lavoro di tesi si pone due obiettivi. In primo luogo, la tesi contribuisce ad approfondire il ruolo della TM dell’università nello sviluppo del territorio, identificando le potenzialità, i limiti e le sfide che caratterizzano i temi ricorrenti della TM. Inoltre, la ricerca intende individuare le lacune nella letteratura sulla TM, suggerendo una selezione di misure che potrebbero supportarne l’attuazione concreta. A tal fine, il Capitolo I della tesi presenta una revisione sistematica della letteratura sulla TM dell’università.
In secondo luogo, la tesi fornisce un contributo basato su evidenze empiriche, analizzando la TM e gli approcci collaborativi esistenti e possibili tra università, industria, governo e società. In particolare vengono considerati alcuni approcci collaborativi che potrebbero favorire l’innovazione e l’impatto dei risultati della ricerca provenienti dai progetti europei. A tale scopo, i Capitoli II, III, IV e V analizzano i modelli della Tripla e della Quadrupla Elica per l’innovazione in specifici settori industriali e contesti, a livello europeo, internazionale e locale.
Questa tesi è stata sviluppata nell’ambito del dottorato di ricerca industriale Eureka, finanziato dalla Regione Marche e da Eurocentro S.r.l., una piccola azienda che si occupa di progettazione europea, e con il supporto dell’Ufficio per la Valorizzazione della Ricerca - ILO (Industrial Liaison Office) e Placement dell’Università di Macerata.The rise of the knowledge economy, along with globalisation, and both the financial and the environmental crisis, are unprecedented challenges that have contributed considerably to redesigning and extending the missions of universities. The dynamics of knowledge production are changing, as is the way societies are regarding expectations and values. In this context, academia can be perceived as being at a crossroads in teaching, research and Third Mission (TM). Indeed, there has been an increasing pressure on universities to shift from primarily teaching and performing research, to adding a rather fuzzy and ambiguous TM, labelled “contribution to society”.
Universities engaged in TM activities can become engines that contribute to the social, economic and cultural development of the regions in which they operate, by transferring knowledge and technologies to industry and society, at large. Simultaneously, academia is itself facing the challenge of demonstrating both its sense of responsibility and the efficient use of public funding. Indeed, the TM is a vast, multidisciplinary, complex and evolving phenomenon. Currently, the TM is both the most critical mission and that which most needs functional innovation in the organization of universities. Existing studies mainly focus on either Universities in their two traditional missions of teaching and research, or they offer a narrow perspective of the TM which does not seem to efficiently support the enactment of TM actions.
Thus, this dissertation has two objectives. Firstly, it contributes to investigating the role of the TM of universities in the development of the territory, by identifying both the potentials and the constraints of the recurring themes of the TM. Furthermore, the research also seeks to identify the gaps in the current literature on the TM, and to suggest a selection of measures that could help enact the TM of university. To this end, Chapter I of the dissertation presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of the current state of knowledge of the TM of university.
Secondly, the dissertation provides an evidence-based contribution by analysing the TM and both existing and possible collaborative approaches between university, industry, government and society. The research focuses on those collaborative approaches which could foster innovation and the impacts of the research outputs of European projects. To this end, Chapters II, III, IV and V examine the Triple Helix Model (THM) and the Quadruple Helix Model (QHM) for innovation, in specific industries and context at the European, the international and the local level.
This dissertation has been developed within the Industrial Ph.D. program Eureka, financed by the Regional Government of the Marche along with Eurocentro S.r.l., a small company involved in European project planning, and with the support of the Office for the Valorisation of Research - ILO (Industrial Liaison Office) and Placement of University of Macerata
What are university satellite campuses for? A perspective on their contribution to Italian municipalities and regions
No full textThis paper is the first to present a long-term retrospective overview of the impact of Italian university satellite campuses (SCs), since Decree n. 509 of 1999 fostered a massive increase in the number of SCs, even in small municipalities around 10,000 residents. By drawing on a novel panel dataset aggregated at the urban level for the period 2000–20, findings show that SCs increased the number of graduates at the regional level. However, SCs alone have uneven effects on population trends and income at the urban level. They should be periodically reviewed and redesigned to address structural changes and local development
The Third Mission and the Social Sciences and Humanities
No full textAlong with education and scientific research, universities are more and more involved in their Third Mission (TM) which has been broadly portrayed as the openness of academia towards the socio-economic system. The academic and policy discourse has mainly focused on the contribution of the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
(STEM) disciplines to the TM, mostly in the domain of the business system via spinoff companies and patents. More recently, the spread of social, health and environmental challenges at global and local level, has reinforced the role of university TMs. Indeed, understanding and solving such challenges require an interdisciplinary approach, where the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSHs) can play a strategic role. This paper briefly reviews both the potential and the challenges of the TM, focusing on the emerging role of the SSHs. Italian TM policy is also presented. Drawing on the lessons learnt from the Italian case, some ideas are proposed to rethink the university and its TM as tools for increasing social justice, sustainable development, and quality of life in local communities
Improving knowledge transfer and innovation services. A roadmap for Knowledge Transfer Offices
Full text linkNational and regional governments have promoted the professionalisation of knowledge transfer by establishing specialised structures: Knowledge Transfer Offices (KTOs). Although previous research has examined the features and performance of KTOs extensively, there is limited evidence regarding their role and associated evolution in managing new academic, economic, social and environmental challenges that extend the scope and mission of both universities and of their KTOs. This exploratory study investigates the challenges encountered and the good practices of higher education institutions (HEIs) to improve knowledge transfer and innovation, making a threefold contribution. First, the study proposes a conceptual framework for improving KTO services based on the four intertwined dimensions of people, culture, governance and collaboration. Second, a multi-country analysis is conducted on the KTOs of nine European HEIs that participated in a project financed by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) Higher Education Institutions (HEI) Initiative. Third, drawing on the results obtained from a questionnaire and a set of focus groups, the study constructs a proposed roadmap for implementing or improving KTOs. The findings demonstrate that KTOs should focus on up-skilling and reskilling staff (people) and implement effective governance and coordination mechanisms under the supervision of and in synergy with university governing bodies while continuously monitoring, adapting and improving organisational structure, processes and initiatives (gover-nance). Furthermore, an entrepreneurial mind-set should be promoted among academic and non-academic staff and students (culture). Constructing or strengthening internal and external collaborations with the key stakeholders of the ecosystem (collaboration) is also crucial
The third mission of the university. A systematic literature review on potentials and constraints
Full text linkIn recent years, there has been increasing pressure on Universities to shift from focusing primarily on teaching and performing research, and to add an equivocal Third Mission (TM), labelled “a contribution to society”. Unprecedented challenges have been redesigning the missions of Universities, which are often perceived as being at a crossroads. The TM is a multidisciplinary, complex, evolving phenomenon linked to the social and economic mission of Universities in a broad sense. Existing studies mainly focus on Universities in accomplishing their traditional missions, or they offer a narrow perspective of the TM. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic literature review has been performed on the TM to comprehensively explore its heterogeneous functions, constraints, clashes and incorporation within education and research. This paper presents a systematic review of the state of knowledge and develops a novel framework for the enactment of the TM. The paper reveals the potential and the constraints of the recurring themes of the TM, focusing especially on the engagement of non-academic stakeholders. It also suggests, to scholars and policymakers, a selection of measures through which some of the challenges might be faced. The paper offers both a descriptive and a thematic analysis, through examination of 134 peer-reviewed articles which were published between 2004 and May 2019
Industrial doctorates: a systematic literature review and future research agenda
Full text linkThe aim of this systematic literature review was to understand the features, and the evolution, of industrial doctorates by analysing 54 papers published between 2002 and 2023. Two aspects were considered (i) the state of the art of the literature has been clarified through synthesis and discussion of six key themes: the main features and evolution of industrial doctorates; the design and implementation of industrial PhD programmes; the perspective of PhD candidates; the standpoint of university; the standpoint of industry; and industrial doctorates as policy tools for fostering innovation processes. There was a surge in publications after 2015, but these have mainly focused on the European context. Industrial doctorates are reshaping the doctoral education landscape as they are considered as educational tools for building bridges between academia and industry. However, there are still institutional and cultural barriers to legitimising industrial doctorates which are often considered as alternatives or even as the antithesis of ‘traditional’ PhDs; (ii) we suggest an agenda for future research to assess whether industrial doctorates do offer an effective response, or an optimal approach to meeting the demands of both the knowledge society and of doctoral candidates. Future research should seek to gather quantitative evidence in a wider variety of geographical areas, taking into account the distinctive features of both institutional contexts, and of the diverse scientific fields and industrial sectors involved. Studies of the long-term impacts of industrial doctorates on students’ research outcomes, their career trajectories and, on the performance of local ecosystems are needed
Il Piano Nazionale Integrato per l’Energia ed il Clima (PNIEC). Analisi e scenari per l’industria nazionale
Full text linkIl Piano Nazionale Integrato per l’Energia ed il Clima (PNIEC) è uno strumento di politica industriale che ogni Stato Membro deve adottare per realizzare il processo di transizione energetica dell’Unione Europea. Il PNIEC italiano è stato pubblicato a gennaio 2020 e verrà completamente revisionato entro il 30 giugno 2023. A seguito delle politiche e degli interventi normativi che l’UE ha recentemente adottato in tema di energia e clima, il PNIEC risulta ormai obsoleto nella sua attuale formulazione. La revisione del Piano costituisce un momento cruciale per delineare la strategia di lungo periodo su cui innescare future politiche energetiche, ambientali e industriali per la crescita del Paese. In questo Policy Brief si analizza l’evoluzione del PNIEC anche alla luce del dibattito sulla revisione di obiettivi e misure. Si approfondisce una selezione di scenari che evidenziano il ruolo centrale dell’elettrificazione dei consumi da Fonti Energetiche Rinnovabili (FER) nel processo di decarbonizzazione. Infine, vengono formulate una serie di raccomandazioni che dovrebbero informare la revisione del PNIEC, con riferimento particolare a principi, obiettivi, approccio e attori coinvolti. Il successo del nuovo Piano e il raggiungimento degli obiettivi climatici dipenderanno soprattutto dall’introduzione di politiche rigorose e di lungo periodo per la diffusione rapida e capillare delle FER, e la promozione della decarbonizzazione e dell’indipendenza energetica
Alcune riflessioni sulle politiche industriali per la transizione energetica. Il ruolo del Piano Nazionale Integrato per l’Energia e il Clima
No full textThe Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (necp) is an industrial policy tool that each Member State must adopt to implement the European Union’s (eu) energy transition. The Italian necp was approved in December 2019. A revised full version of the Plan was submitted to the European Commission on July 19th, 2023. This new proposal will be further discussed and approved by June 30th, 2024. Following the policies and regulatory interventions recently adopted by the eu for energy and climate, the necp needs to be further improved. Revising it represents a crucial step for outlining the long-term strategy on which to trigger future energy, environmental and industrial policies for Italy’s growth. This article analyses the evolution of the necp in the light of the debate on the revision of its objectives and measures. A selection of scenarios is then explored highlighting the central role of the consumption’s electrification from Renewable Energy Sources (res) in the decarbonization process. Also, recommendations are formulated to inform the review of the final version of the necp, with particular reference to the principles, objectives, approach, actors and contents. The success of the new Plan and the achievement of the climate objectives will also depend on both the design of long-term industrial policies and the introduction of a set of national policy reforms to foster the rapid and widespread diffusion of res, and the promotion of decarbonisation and energy independence
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