177,479 research outputs found
Rhinochimaera africana Compagno, Stehmann, & Ebert 1990
No full textRhinochimaera africana Compagno, Stehmann, & Ebert, 1990 Paddlenose Chimaera Rhinochimaera africana Compagno, Stehmann, & Ebert, 1990: 206, figs. 2–5. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 27744. Type locality: West of Doring Bay, Western Cape, South Africa, 31°59.8'S, 15°56.2'E. Local synonymy: Rhinochimaera atlantica: Penrith, 1969: 66 (in part); Shcherbachev, 1978: 8 (in part, South Africa: off Atlantic side of Agulhas Bank (WC) and off Kosi Bay (KZN); Compagno, 1986: 146 (in part, KZN). Rhinochimaera pacifica: Shcherbachev et al., 1982: 28 (in part, records from Shcherbachev 1978 from Agulhas Bank and Kosi Bay). Rhinochimaera sp.: Compagno et al., 1989: 122, pl. Rhinochimaera africana: Compagno et al., 1990: 206, figs. 2–5; Compagno et al., 1991: 115; Compagno, 1999: 120; Didier et al., 2012: 100; Ebert, 2014: 104, fig. 167; Ebert, 2015: 204, fig. 234; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148; Weigmann, 2016: 1005. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAIAB 27744. Paratypes, (4): SAM 23123, ZMMU P 14392, ZIL 48699, ISH 1 / 90 (ex ZMMU P 14393). South African distribution: Scattered records off Doring Bay (WC) to Kosi Bay (KZN), but likely to occur off the entire South African coast. Remarks: The species had been misidentified with R. atlantica until Compagno et al. (1990) recognized it as distinct. Records of R. atlantica from off Kosi Bay are actually R. africana. Conservation status: DD (2016).Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/461456
Paragaleus leucolomatus : Compagno & Smale 1985
No full textParagaleus leucolomatus Compagno & Smale, 1985 Whitefin Weasel Shark Paragaleus leucolomatus Compagno & Smale, 1985: 9, figs. 2–8. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 21175. Type locality: Southeast of Kosi Bay mouth, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 20 m. Local synonymy: Paragaleus leucolomatus: Compagno & Smale, 1985: 9, figs. 2–8; Bass et al., 1986: 83, fig. 9.30; Compagno, 1988a: 35; Compagno et al., 1989: 60, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 119; Compagno et al., 2005: 286, fi.g, pl. 49; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 435, fig., pl. 60; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Weigmann, 2016: 863. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAIAB 21175. A few other specimens are in the fish collections of SAIAB and SAM, but are uncatalogued. South African distribution: Sodwana Bay to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: A rare species known from a few specimens caught between southern Mozambique and Sodwana Bay. Local beach anglers in northern KZN are familiar with this species, but release them if caught (R. Kyle, Oceanographic Research Institute, pers. comm.). Conservation status: VU (2020).Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/461456
Haploblepharus kistnasamyi Human & Compagno, 2006, sp. nov.
No full textHaploblepharus kistnasamyi sp. nov. (Figs. 2-5, Table 1) Haploblepharus edwardsii Smith, 1949:54 (in part); Smith, 1950:879 (in part); Bass et al., 1975: 17 (in part); Compagno, 1984b: 332 (in part); Bass, 1986: 91 (in part); Compagno, 1988: 151 (in part); Compagno et al., 1989: 50 (in part). Haploblepharus sp. nov.: Compagno, 1999: 98, 119. Haploblepharus spA: Compagno & Human, 2003: 12; Compagno et al., 2005: 236, pl. 40; Human et al., 2006: 389. Type Series and Locality. Holotype, RUSI 39835, adolescent female 415mm TL, from Landers Reef off Park Rynie, kwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (30°19’S30°47’E), Station 1- 92-9 “Albacore”, collected by C. Buxton on 5th August, 1992, in excellent condition (Figs. 2-3). Paratypes, RUSI 6075, previously ORI 2424, mature male 504mm TL, from Zinkwazi, kwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (29°17’S31°25’E), jaws removed, otherwise in excellent condition (Fig. 4). RUSI 6077 (previously ORI 2574), mature female, 481mm TL, from Umvoti, kwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (29°22’S30°17’E), jaws removed, otherwise in excellent condition, (Fig. 5). Additional Non-type Specimens. MJS 970714, 2 specimens, juvenile female 334mm TL, juvenile male, 354mm TL; RUSI 14005, 2 specimens, one of which is referable to H. fuscus, H. kistnasamyi specimen is a juvenile female, 401mm TL, Cape Recife, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 34°01'S25°42'E; RUSI 26156, embryonic female 58.5mm TL, Boknes Beach, Alexandria Coast, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 33°43'S26°35'E; RUSI 26934, adolescent female 400mm TL, R.V. Africana Cruise 48, A4760 036-1051, off Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, South Africa, 34°04'S23°24'E; RUSI 26937, juvenile male 315mm TL, R.V. Africana Cruise 48, A4760 036-1051, off Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, South Africa; RUSI 26939, juvenile female 318mm TL, R.V. Africana Cruise 48, A4760 036-1051, off Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, South Africa; RUSI 26964, juvenile female 226mm TL, R.V. Africana Cruise 48, A4752 030-1039, Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, South Africa, 34°15'S23°04'E; RUSI 26965, juvenile female 218mm TL, R.V. Africana Cruise 48, A4752 030-1039, Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, South Africa; RUSI 48494, embryonic female 104mm TL, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 34°02'S25°42'E; RUSI 48496, previously ORI 7227, juvenile female 106mm TL, East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 33°00'S27°55'E; SAM 29884, 2 specimens, juvenile males 121mm TL & 183mm TL, reef 2km off Bird Rock, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 33°51.5'S26°16.6'E; SAM 32527, 4 specimens, juvenile females, 346mm TL, 373mm TL, 376mm TL & 438mm TL, Storms River Mouth, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 34°01.3'S23°54.7'E; SAM 32553, 2 specimens, juvenile males 362mm TL & 381mm TL, Storms River Mouth, Eastern Cape, South Africa; SAM 32554, juvenile male 332mm TL, Storms River Mouth, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Comparative material of other species are listed in Appendix 2. Diagnosis. H. kistnasamyi has a slender body; snout acutely rounded, sometimes coming to a point; head and trunk slightly depressed; whereas caudal peduncle slightly compressed. Background dorsal colouration is pale brown to brown, becoming paler laterally, with 8 or 9 saddles, 2 or 3 before 1st dorsal fin, one on 1st dorsal fin, one between dorsal fins, one on second dorsal fin, one on caudal peduncle, and 2 on caudal fin; saddle centres darker than background colouration, margins darker than saddle centres, with white spots present only on saddles, particularly laterally, giving a blotchy effect there; background colouration extending to dorsal surface of pectoral and pelvic fins, as well as anal fin; saddles not extending to dorsal surface of pectoral and pelvic fins. Ventral colouration usually abruptly uniform white to pale cream, or yellow to dull grey brown (probable preservation artefact), dorsal background colouration present on fin webs of pectoral and pelvic fins, or not (probable preservation artefact), pectoral and pelvic fin webs darker when the latter is true. Description. Morphometric and meristic data are given in Table 1. Holotype, adolescent female 415mm TL (paratypes, mature male 504mm TL, mature female 481mm TL): head length 1.1 (1.2, 1.0) times the pectoral-pelvic space; head only slightly depressed, snout convexly pointed, preoral length 0.5 (1.7, 0.5) times the mouth width; eyes dorsolateral on head with rudimentary nictitating lower eyelids (Compagno, 1970), eye length 0.2 (0.2, 0.2) times head length and 2.0 (2.1, 1.6) times eye width; spiracle length 0.2 (0.3, 0.2) times eye length; anterior nasal lobes expanded and fused into a flap that is united across the ventral midline and extends to the upper labium, excurrent nasal apertures covered by nasal curtain, width of nasal curtain 1.8 (1.7, 2.0) times the nostril width; basimandibular cartilage found at the symphysis of the Meckels’ cartilage in the lower jaw, mouth width 0.7 (0.7, 0.8) times the head width at the pectoral fin origin, upper labial furrow length 0.5 (0.5, 0.5) times the mouth length, labial cartilages present; dental formula (holotype only) - upper jaw L 28, R 29; lower jaw L 28, R 29, no toothless spaces at the symphysis of either jaw, teeth undifferentiated either between jaws or along the jaw; body slender with trunk not depressed, trunk length 1.2 (1.0, 1.2) times head length, no dorsal, lateral or ventral ridges along body; caudal peduncle short and compressed, distance from pelvic insertion to ventral origin of caudal fin 0.4 (0.4, 0.4) times the precaudal length; peduncle height 1.9 (1.5, 1.4) its width; pectoral fins broad and roundedtriangular, their height 1.6 (1.7, 1.8) times their base length and 2.3 (1.4, 2.2) times the height of the pelvic fins, pectoral fin radials extending 0.4 (0.7, 0.7) along the length of the anterior margin; pelvic fins roughly triangular, their height 0.5 (0.9, 0.7) times their base length, claspers of the mature male paratype are long and stout, inner length 7.3 times the base; first dorsal fin with rounded apex, posterior margin straight and free rear tip angular, height 0.7 (0.8, 0.9) times the base length, base length 0.5 (0.5, 0.5) times the interdorsal space; second dorsal fin similarly shaped to first dorsal fin, slightly smaller, height 0.6 (0.7, 0.6) times the base length and 1.0 (0.9, 0.9) times the height of the first dorsal fin; anal fin roughly triangular and moderately high, height 0.4 (0.5, 0.5) times the length of the base, fin length 0.9 (0.9, 0.9) times the distance from the anal fin insertion to the ventral origin of the caudal fin; caudal fin with weakly developed and broadly rounded ventral lobe, minimal inflexion of the caudal vertebrae, dorsal margin 2.1 (2.5, 2.0) times the distance from the insertion of the second dorsal fin to the dorsal origin of the caudal fin, upper post-ventral caudal fin margin 1.8 (1.7, 2.1) times the length of the terminal caudal fin margin; vertebral counts -33 (32, 32) monospondylous, 60 (63, 61) precaudal diplospondylous and 40 (38, 40) caudal diplospondylous, no stutter zone apparent between monospondylous and diplospondylous vertebrae, spiral valve turns -6 (N/A, N/A). Comparison with other species. H. kistnasamyi has the least depressed head and trunk of the Haploblepharus sharks (Fig. 6) and further differs from other species in having a preoral length less than 3 times the head width at pectoral origin (more than 3.5 times in other members of the genus) and a slightly compressed caudal peduncle. Haploblepharus kistnasamyi is most similar to H. edwardsii in morphology (including its narrowly pointed head) and colouration but has a stockier, less depressed body, has less defined saddle-marks without discrete red centers, and has longer, stouter claspers (similar to those of H. fuscus and H. pictus). H. kistnasamyi differs from H. fuscus and H. pictus in averaging fewer tooth rows and spiral valve turns (8 turns in H. fuscus, 7 turns in H. pictus); from H. fuscus by its more complex colour pattern with bold dark markings on the fins as well as body); and from H. pictus by its mouth length about equal to prenarial length (mouth length greater than prenarial length in H. pictus). Common name. The common name, happy chappy, has been suggested in Compagno & Human (2003). Otherwise known as the Natal or eastern shyshark. Size. Maximum known 504 mm total length (adult male). Females adult at 481 mm, adolescent at 400 and 415 mm, juvenile at 106 to 402 mm. Males adult at 504 mm, juvenile at 121 to 354 mm, adolescents unknown. Embryos 59-104 mm, hatchling size presumably about 100-110 mm. The weights of the type material are: 316.1g (holotype, 415mm), 512.7g (paratype, 504mm), and 438.7g (paratype, 481mm). Distribution and Habitat. H. kistnasamyi is the most northeasterly ranging Haploblepharus shark (Fig. 7) and, as currently known, is a South African endemic species. Adults have been found in northern kwaZulu-Natal in shallow warm subtropical water on the continental shelf from the intertidal to 30 m depth. Individuals tentatively assigned as the juveniles of this species (Human, 2003, in prep.) occur in the Eastern Cape to west of Mossel Bay, Western Cape, and occur inshore, usually close to the coastline. The conservation status of this species needs to be investigated because of its rarity and potential vulnerability to fisheries (including angling) and intensive habitat modification and destruction in its known range. Etymology. Named in honour of Nat Kistnasamy of the Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, in recognition for his outstanding efforts and pioneering work in the systematics and taxonomy of the chondrichthyan fauna of southern Africa. Remarks. Bass et al. (1975) recognised and illustrated two forms of H. edwardsii, the “Cape” form and the “Natal” form. H. kistnasamyi is equivalent to their “Natal” form of H. edwardsii and the paratypes are the specimens used by them in their description of the “Natal” form. They also illustrated the female paratype (RUSI 6077). Bass et al. (1975) found the two forms to be morphologically identical, differing only in colour pattern. However, H. kistnasamyi can be distinguished from H. edwardsii in having a noticeably less depressed body, which is stockier than that of H. edwardsii (Fig. 6). Compagno (1988) noted that H. kistnasamyi possibly had fewer monospondylous vertebrae than H. edwardsii, although this proved not to be the case in the current study and with a larger sample available. Although Bass et al. (1975) were the first to distinguish this species, Smith (1950) illustrated a juvenile under the name H. edwardsii, which agrees with the specimen RUSI 48496, an embryonic female (yolk sac still attached, although minute), 107mm TL. The proportions given by Bass et al. (1975) are mostly referable to H. edwardsii and cannot be used as a comparison for the morphometrics of the current study. The holotype of H. kistnasamyi has 6 spiral valve turns, compared to 6 or 7 turns in H. edwardsii, 8 or 9 turns in H. fuscus, and 7 turns in H. pictus. The biology of H. kistnasamyi is virtually unknown. Egg-cases not known, but presumably oviparous as with other species of Haploblepharus.Published as part of Brett A. Human & Leonard J. V. Compagno, 2006, Description of Haploblepharus kistnasamyi, a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from South Africa., pp. 41-58 in Zootaxa 1318 on pages 44-5
Dynamics of non-classically-reproducible entanglement
No full textWe investigate when the quantum correlations of a bipartite system, under the influence of environments with memory, are not reproducible with certainty by a classical local hidden variable model. For this purpose, we compare the dynamics of a Bell inequality with that of entanglement, as measured by concurrence. We find time regions when the Bell inequality is not violated even in correspondence with high values of concurrence (up to ≈0.8). We also suggest that these results may be observed by adopting a modification of a recent experimental optical setup. These findings indicate that even highly entangled systems cannot be exploited with certainty in contexts where the nonclassical reproducibility of quantum correlations is required
Chlamydoselachus africana Ebert & Compagno 2009
No full textChlamydoselachus africana Ebert & Compagno, 2009 Southern African Frilled Shark Chlamydoselachus africana Ebert & Compagno, 2009: 3, Figs. 1 –4, 6. Holotype: SAM 31028. Type locality: Off Cunene River, Namibia, 19°59'S, 11°48'E, southeastern Atlantic. Local synonymy: Chlamydoselachus anguineus: Smith, 1951: 87; Smith, 1965: 511, fig. 3b; Smith, 1967a: 105, pls. 19–23; Bass et al., 1975d: 16, fig. 9, pl. 6; Compagno, 1984a: 14, fig. (in part); Bass, 1986: 47, fig. 3.1; Compagno et al., 1989: 20, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 51. Chlamydoselachus sp. A: Ebert, 1990: 217, figs. 3.1, 3.12 (in part); Compagno, 1999: 114; Compagno et al., 2005: 66, fig., pl. 1. Chlamydoselachus sp. nov.: Compagno, 1999: 114. Chlamydoselachus africana: Barnett et al., 2012: 967; Ebert, 2013: 33–34; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 64, fig., pl. 1; Ebert & Mostarda, 2013: 9; NPOA, 2013: 37; Ebert, 2015: 36–40, fig. 34; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & Mostarda, 2015: 9, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Compagno, 2016: 1144; Weigmann, 2016: 887. South Africa voucher material: None. All known specimens caught in South African waters were discarded. South Africa distribution: South African range poorly-defined with records off the Cape Peninsula (WC) (R. W. Leslie, formerly, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries [DAFF], Cape Town, South Africa, pers. comm.), the EC, and KZN (Ebert & Compagno, 2009). Remarks: An apparent southern African endemic presently confirmed from southern Angola, Namibia, and South Africa. A single specimen was reported by Smith (1951) to have been caught off the Port Alfred Pier (EC), but the specimen was not retained. Since no specimens have been captured and examined since the description of C. africana, all South African literature records of frilled sharks are attributed to this species for now. Records of frilled sharks from seamounts off Mozambique should also be carefully examined (Ebert, 2013). Conservation status: LC (2019).Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/461456
Generating and revealing a quantum superposition of electromagnetic-field binomial states in a cavity
No full textKnowledge management e distretti industriali: i meccanismi di trasferimento e combinazione delle conoscenze tra locale e globale
No full textI disturbi alimentari: anoressia e bulimia.
No full textAccording to the Italian Judicial
System, a child under 14
years of age is not criminally
responsible. A minor, less
than 18 but over 14 years old,
can bear criminal responsibility
only if competent.
This paper discusses some of
the clinical aspects of establishing
sanity/competency
(‘compos mentis’) or insanity/
incompetency (‘non compos
mentis’) and the legal and
clinical implications of declaring
an adolescent offender insane
– Can he/she be imprisoned?
Hospitalized? Should
he/she be treated any differently
than a non minor under
the same circumstances
- …
