4,649 research outputs found
David Nelson Rowe statement to the 1972 Republican Platform Committee
No full textStatement by David Nelson Rowe, Professor of Political Science at Yale University and member of the National Advisory Board and Committee for a Free China to the Temporary Committee on Resolutions at the 1972 Republican National Convention
The Role of the State in Economic Transformation: Comparing the Transition Experiences of Russia and China
No full textThis paper compares two radically different approaches to transforming an economic system based on central planning and state property into a capitalist system, the neoliberal transition strategy and the state directed transition strategy. Russia’s transition since 1992 is examined as an example of the neoliberal approach, while China’s transition since 1978 is analyzed as an example of the state directed approach. The primary explanation for China’s economically superior transition performance is located in the advantages of the state directed transition strategy. However, contradictions in a state directed transition strategy are identified which tend to promote an eventual shift toward a neoliberal strategy. JEL Categories: P27, P21, P52transition, neoliberalism, state, Russia, China
Imports From China and Food Safety Issues
No full textThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) increased attention to food imports from China is an indicator of safety concerns as imported food becomes more common in the United States. U.S. food imports from China more than tripled in value between 2001 and 2008. Addressing safety risks associated with these imports is difficult because of the vast array of products from China, China’s weak enforcement of food safety standards, its heavy use of agricultural chemicals, and its considerable environmental pollution. FDA import refusal data highlight food safety problems that appear to recur in trade and where FDA has focused its import alerts and monitoring efforts. FDA refusals of food shipments from China suggest recurring problems with “filth,” unsafe additives, labeling (typically introduced in food processing and handling), and veterinary drug residues in fish and shellfish (introduced at the farm). Chinese authorities try to control food export safety by certifying exporters and the farms that supply them. However, monitoring such a wide range of products for the different hazards that can arise at varying points in the supply chain is a difficult challenge for Chinese and U.S. officials.China, food imports, food safety, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, misbranding, labeling, refusals, shipment, violation., Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade,
Urban Social Exclusion in Transitional China
No full textThis paper demonstrates that urban social exclusion in China does not only include restricted participation by the ¿underclass¿ in urban life, but also the deprivation of certain political, social and economic rights. In addition, the paper describes how the character of urban social exclusion has changed over time. The author also examines the social exclusion of rural workers living and working in urban areas. The paper concludes by arguing that urban social exclusion in China needs coordinated reforms that target the whole set of problems in the urban ¿underclass¿ lacking political rights, social protection and economic opportunities.social exclusion, urban China, rural to urban migrants
European Union Foreign Direct Investment in China: Evidence from a Panel Study of EU Manufacturing Firms, 1998-2007
No full textThe paper examines determinants of the EU‘s FDI into the China by using a newly available Manufacturing firm-level data set for the period 1998-2007 from the State Statistical Bureau of China. The theoretical framework of the paper builds on Dunning's ownership–location–internalization (OLI) paradigm, incorporating the institutional determinants to test international production by EU firms in emerging market. The paper analyses recent trends and patterns of EU FDI and its firms‘ characteristics in China. This study applies both static and dynamic panel data approaches (fixed effects and GMM system estimators) to test the presence of agglomeration effect of past FDI. It finds that EU FDI in China is positively associated with export intensity and labour cost. However, technology and profitability of the firm show unexpected results, not lining with theory in the study. The results further suggest that locational factors with regard to macroeconomic and legal environment are also considered by EU firms when deciding on FDI in China. The findings have important implications for practitioners and policymaking
China Bashing 2004
No full textOn April 26, 2004, Senator John Kerry released his six-point trade program, "Trade Enforcement: Asleep at the Wheel," and conspicuously targeted China for violating worker rights, dumping, and supporting "illegal currency manipulation" (Kerry 2004). Five days earlier, senior Bush administration officials met with Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi to settle a few trade disputes (e.g., WiFi) but did not resolve the most contentious ones (exchange rates, semiconductors, and labor rights).
The Role of the State in Economic Transformation: Comparing the Transition Experiences of Russia and China
No full textThis paper will examine the transition experiences of Russia and China, with the aim of drawing lessons about the relative effectiveness of the neoliberal and the state directed transition strategies. Section 2 considers Russia=s economic transition since 1992, which has been guided by the neoliberal strategy. Section 3 examines China=s economic experience since 1978, when it began a transition based on a different approach from the neoliberal one. Section 4 considers why, in countries that successfully pursue a state directed strategy, such as China, pressure builds up over time to shift to a neoliberal strategy. Section 5 offers concluding comments.
Gains and Losses of India-China Trade Cooperation – a Gravity Model Impact Analysis
No full textAs revealed by the trade intensity indices, India and the People’s Republic of China have significant bilateral trade potential, which remains unexplored until now. These countries are presently negotiating for free trade arrangements among them based on their complementarities. This paper makes an attempt to estimate the likely benefits in terms of gains or losses in imports of both India and China due to different preferential trading arrangements and free trade arrangements using the gravity model. Empirical results show that in the short run India’s potential gain is relatively less compared to China because of its high tariffs but in the long run, India’s gains are higher than China once its tariff levels are brought at par with them. Free trade arrangement is a win-win situation for both countries and is consistent with their growing dominance in the international trade.PTAs, FTA, gravity model, trade intensity indices, India- People Republic of China, bilateral trade flows, trade creation and trade diversion
A Label-Free Protein Microfluidic Array for Parallel Immunoassays
No full textA label-free protein microfluidic array for immunoassays based on the combination of imaging ellipsometry and an integrated microfluidic system is presented. Proteins can be patterned homogeneously on substrate in array format by the microfluidic system simultaneously. After preparation, the protein array can be packed in the microfluidic system which is full of buffer so that proteins are not exposed to denaturing conditions. With simple microfluidic channel junction, the protein microfluidic array can be used in serial or parallel format to analyze single or multiple samples simultaneously. Imaging ellipsometry is used for the protein array reading with a label-free format. The biological and medical applications of the label-free protein microfluidic array are demonstrated by screening for antibody–antigen interactions, measuring the concentration of the protein solution and detecting five markers of hepatitis B
Cost Distortions and Structural Imbalances in China
No full textThis paper attempts to explain the fundamental cause of China's growing imbalance problems. Economic data confirm that the key structural imbalance problems, such as overinvestment, large current account surpluses, low consumption share of GDP and income inequality, have all deteriorated over the past few years, despite continuous policy efforts to correct these problems. We argue that the key determining factor is repressed factor cost, which is associated with heavily distorted markets for labor, capital, land, resources and the environment. These are like implicit subsidies for producers, investors and exporters. They boost growth and, at the same time, lift investment and exports. Previous policy efforts have focused more on administrative measures, which have not been sustainable. Therefore, a more fundamental solution to the imbalance problem lies in completing market-oriented reforms for production factors and allowing free markets to determine prices of labor, capital, land and resources.EconomicsSSCI8ARTICLE4,SI1-171
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