117 research outputs found
ASA Program Committee Meeting
No full textThe ASA Program Committee Meeting will be held on Sunday, March 29, 2015 from 10:45 AM - 11:30 AM in the Carnegie Hotel
Talk by Lorenzo A. Richards at the Industrial Agronomists\u27 breakfast, ASA annual meeting, Columbus, Ohio, November 2, 1965, "Industrial Agronomy and ASA"
No full textText of a talk by Lorenzo A. Richards at the Industrial Agronomists\u27 breakfast, American Society of Agronomy annual meeting, Columbus, Ohio, November 2, 1965, entitled "Industrial Agronomy and ASA"• Talk by I* A, tic\u27harda at the Industrial AgronoBlnts* Breakfast ASA Annual it#etinjgs Col%mbu&, Ohio loveatber 2, 1965 annWA rnmwcm m ASA There is mo need far Mi to tell ycm that the Industrial revolution Sa still very isuch in progress at present m fsr as agriculture la this eisunfcry is concerned. The economic freedom we have allows our abundant resources to be applied competitively to agriculture with ever increasing efficiency, Tsjeaty years ago us wer# told thai one Asieric mm fanner fed 12 otters, today we tear the figure 32. The attempt of goversaaetit to stabilize the market for agricultural products as farm families eon-vert fron their traditional occupation tee been a sajor political headache, even though it has dealt at moat with so agricultural excess cf somewhere in the range fro* 5 to 10% of our domestic consumption. Actually, this excess is and has been a blessing to our nation gad fe,he world* It is the backbone of our foreign exchange and constitutes «a essential psrt of our pemr to Influence events abroad. With assets aggregating 230 billions of dollars, gig Asterlean farm is the nation*« biggest industry. This figure approximates two thirds of the market value of ail the stacks listed on the Bew York Stock Exchange, fit part of this industry relating to the science and technology of agronomy accounts indirectly for the existence of the Anericsn Society of Agronooy and for oitr presence here at this breekfasi. -2- I would like here to express my personal appreciation to the many industry connected mw&em of the Society ^ho have ably assisted with Society work during my terns of president-elect ®nd president. Soon after taking office as President of ASA, I reviewed the activities of the Society relating to agronomic industry. What 1 wm hoping for and did not find was a regularly constituted m4 representative group of industry connected ae*feers ft the Society to «hos» ttm officers of ASA could turn for advice on industry cc?nn«cted profeUsts. this breakfast is about the only evidence I can find of an activity at the annual meeting that is umi^ne to industrial ngton^ists. It seetiS to arise from an informal, spontaneous coatatst ion process. It certainly has been popular end successful. It is my itepression that industry connected members gtnsrelly %*ish to take their places in the Agroatay Society through Interests and association in the subject matter divisions and to participate in Society functions and activities without regard to empieystenfc connection, This is certainly a favorable situation. With the industrialization of agriculture progressing ap%ce, it Is my expectation that the fraction of our ae^ership that is industry connected will steadily increase, and I feel there is need for better eosnaanicatitm between the 3€»ciety officers and this grsup. In February of this year, the ASA Executive Committee adopted HM Resolution,* 4*T»AT m ASA Agronomic Industry Coswitte© he established to have charge of -3- arrangemeats for the Industrial Agronomists Breakfast and such other duties as the President and the Board may assign." Knowing that Dr. Army mm already lined up by this aforementioned spontaneous combustion process to be master of cere atonies at this breakfast, I, of course, asked him to be chairman, end he consented, If he suspected this was a fast move to put under the thumb of the President and Board of Directors the one special freedom the industrial agronomists have In the Society, he didn\u27t mention It, and l tried to forestall the thought by putting in the Guidelines for his committee the following: "This Committee is requested - |» In cooperation with the General ASA Program Chairman end the Executive Secretary, to have charge of arrangements for the Industrial Agronomists Breakfast, a. To study the role that ASA should play in meeting the needs of Industrial Agronomists. 3. To consider the establishment within ASA of a functional group that will have responsible representative officers who can speak for industrial agronomists and aid the Society in promoting its professional and educational purposes and programs. 4. To deliver a written report to the President by October 1, 1965, on the work and Feccnaseodatio-ns of the committee for the current year.\u271 I fully expect To» to come out and say that he is holding the report until he hears what the two speakers have to say this evening @t -4* the ASA general business meeting *n the subject of the role that ASA should play In sieeting the needs of industrial agronomists, These speeches, by the way, were scheduled before Tom lined ill up for this talk. If &&£ when the Agronomy Society changes over to have its (MdM** ship data ceded and taped for ccsmpute r control of mailings, it would he a simple matter, if desired, to have industry members of the Society select the members of the Agronomic Industry CoBnittae. It Is my ia-ptesston that this group should be large enough and constituted in such a way that it can canvass and autboratiwly express the views of industry connected sseatbers on various subject*. It is my Impression th«£ such a group should act in traditional ASA coaaitte* fashion, i.e. * to supply information on assigned or volunteered subjects mA to prepare recosneada tiom for action by the legislative bodies of the Society, with emphasis on the subjects contained in the guidelines of the conmittee. I would think it fuestionahie for this eossaittee to act as a pressure group to control the government of the Society. I would like to digress briefly and to insert here that it wmiid please me is sec the tradition established to have industry connected inessSiers on the. nominating cnmittea of the Agroacngr Society. I an ante that m have industrial members of the Society of such stature ®m£ character that we could to our benefit have them serve as President, This recognition of industry Is traditional 0 example in Che African Chemical Society. Returning to the Agronomic Industry Committee, X %?ouid say this body properly should be- concerned and alert in calling ft* the attention of the society officers opportunities for improved professional services peculiar to Industry connected Membersr As m «x«aple of this* I might mention the following, Agronomist* employed by state institutions for teaching, extension and research have &m jpjj.fliiMlili nf interest and group feeling that is developed by such activities as the Association of Land-Grant Colleges md the Cooperative State Research Service of 05M» Being listed l\u27& the publication, "Worker* in Land-grant Colleges and Experiment Static*©*** considerably expedites c .ssauiilcatlnai for this group, likewise, tt**» cuaists employed by any of the several federal departments feav* some central coordination and mutual interests. It is perhaps possible that the American Society of Agronomy can act somewhat similarly far industry connected agronomists to make then feel they have a group of colleagues who are aware of their professional interests mvA needs so that they do not individually get side tracked and lest In the huge enterprise at coansrcisl agriculture* For esaa^le, there have been indication* is the ASA correspondence crossing my desk of interest in a raster of names and addresses of industrial agronomists. When the Society goes fe# a computer pt&^vam for stalling* * this raster could nc» doubt he supplied at * very modest cost, 1 can tell you from personal experience, that having a mail address available twm a convenient list nay very well make the difference in choosing between a state entperisient station or an industrial agronomist as a candidate for office or staff position on a committee or board in the Agronomy Society. An agronomist wishing industrial identification would so indicate on his subscription return. This additional bit of information will go on his mailing code, to be recalled on command to the computer for roster purposes c*r for special fuelling*. A current problem on which a representative Agronomic industry Committee could advise ASA officers, relates to a better coordination and understanding between Industrial groups and the societies for the sponsorship of technical meetings and the publications resultlag from these meetings. Over the year the ASA, or rather the three associated societies, have had a virtual monopoly in arranging meetings at which paper* on the science and technology of Agroncwiy are presented, and with the prospect later of being published. In recent years, however, individual companies and more often industry associations or institutes have shown increasing interest in sponsoring technical meetings and publications based ou theau This is an entirely reasonable and justifiable activity, but same mechanism for coordination would appear to be mutually desirable. The following schedule indicates the intense interest on the part of industry in technical meetings: •7- Anhydrous Ammonia Symposium, 29-30 September 19§5 at St. Louis, Hlssouri sponsored by the Agricultural Aamoaia Institute and MA. Pleat Environment and Efficient Water Use, 30 Hovember - l Becem-ber If€5 at Aiaea, Itma, sponsored by Iowa State University, SSSA and the National flant food Institute. Sulfur Syaposita* 26-27 January 1966 at Wwisli Shoals, Alabama, sponsored by Vfk and the Sulfur Institute. A* you can Mill imagine, Sr. Stelly at Headquarters hits been right in the midst of these coordination problems with industiry. He h®s written sosae lengthy letters to the Executive Committee md he* requested clarification of society policies. At the August If*5 Meeting of the ASA Executive Committee in Madi*.*?i, these problsas were discussed at length and Section 21 of these Minutes has the title **toie of Industry in our Societies and Cooperation with Industry by our Societies." After considerable discussion, the following motion was passed; SSTSAT the Executive Committee go on record as expressing interest in planning, participation and possible co-sponsorship vith professionally oriented conferences or symposia that may be developed jointly with industry groups, state &u4 federal agencies and other organisations having mutual interest. The Executive flta_Hftfi§4 recognises the necessity of deciding in each Instance on merits of the individual invitations.* Ancillary to the above, the motion was passed; "THAT the Executive Committee go on record to approve co-sponsorship by ASA of the Agricultural Anhydrous Jsaaouia Symposium. It is understood that this involves being listed on the program sad participating in the publicity as 1 eooperator in the symposium. IJecisiou on publication participation will be deferred pending receipt and review of manuscripts." Agreements are now being prepared by lawyer Stelly on the cooperation of ASA and SSSA with respect to the publication covering the Conference on Plant Environment and Efficient Water Use that is to be held at Ames at the end of this month. The Minutes also contain the following statement: "In response to an invitation for the Society to co-sponsor a seminar under consideration by a single industrial organisation, the Executive Coosaittee went on record to indicate its interest in the subject of the seminar and In cooperating with all industrial companies, but at the same time declined this specific invitation. It is felt that the Society, in announcing its policy of welcoming invitations from industrial groups or Institutes to co-sponsor conferences and symposia, must first obtain experience in formulating its policies more precisely before accepting invitations from individual companies.\u27* It is evident from the foregoing Minutes of the Executive Committee that the associated societies have made an important move toward cooperation with industry sad other institutions on technical meeting and publication projects. It may be difficult to give full cooperation to all of the requests that msy arise in the future. It is my impression that * group such as the Agronomic Industry Cogwiittee, should be able to *aaaarlse and present to the Society officers the needs and wishes of industry, while at the suite time giving balanced consideration to the basic ©b«* jective* of the "Society and preserving it* integrity as a professismai hose for all agronomists, Hi the Society grows in membership and scope of operations. It would seem reasonably to me to try to Increase the responsibility and freedom of action of subgroups such m the subject matter divisions* We have had for sotae years in ASA a Coua&il on Fertiliser Applications. This activity appears to be closely related to the interests of the newly organised S-8 Division of Fertiliser V»m atid Technology, which enjoys the active interest and support of some of our industrial groups, The possibility of organisational connection between these two should be ®%Mmi-n&d, Also, the work of the pt&mmt ASA Cosnaittee on Eel at ions hip with the Cheiaieal Industry mmy to advantage be closely coordinated with the Agronomic Industry C0n__.it tee. I do not view the future of the- Society with alarm because of the probleas that are visible, but take these to be an opportunity for increased service by ties Society. Hhere possible, we should try to anticipate our problsa* and prepare erganixa.ional mechanisms for obtaining logical and effective solutions to these problems. -10- la conclusion, I must point ill that while at the moment 1 happen to he President of the American Society of Agronomy, tomorrow the gavel will be passed and I shall kcsse the Fast-President. The bylaws and the legislative bodies of the Society give the President considerable freedom to speak, hut not to act. the parts of my talk reporting actions *f the Executive Committee are substantial, the rest should be inhaled with caution
Group-based financial institutions for the rural poor in Bangladesh: an institutional- and household-level analysis
No full textTable of Contents: Tables, Figures, Foreword, Acknowledgments, and Summary; 1. Introduction; 2. Determinants of the Placement and Outreach of Group-Based Financial Institutions:A County-Level Analysis; 3. Group-Based Financial Institutions:Structure, Conduct, and Performance; 4. Household Participation in Financial Markets; 5. Analysis of the Household-Level Impact of Group-Based Credit Institutions in Bangladesh; 6. Conclusions and Implications for Policy; Appendix A: Survey Modules, Sampling Frame, and Location of Survey Sites; Appendix B: Adult Equivalent Consumption Units Differentiated by Age and Gender; ReferencesRural poor, Financial institutions, Microenterprises, Household surveys,
"Working together" for peace and prosperity of Southeast Asia, 1945-1968: the birth of the ASEAN Way.
No full textThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is the first organisation of such scope in the region, and one of the oldest in the world. Explaining its longevity are the principles and working methods that have been embodied in the organisation since its inception in 1967. Amongst the most prominent, and least studied, of these has been the so-called ASEAN Way. This thesis traces the troubled origins of ASEAN as an organisation, and the place in it of this paramount principle. It does so by examining its watershed period, defined here as 1945-1968. This is achieved by focussing on the many sources of dissonance and disharmony that had characterised the Southeast Asian region
before ASEAN’s inception, and most strongly so in the Cold War period. Despite this, the thesis suggests, the countries of the region were constantly searching for ways in which some degree of harmonisation, and solid forms of working relations between quite diverse states, could be achieved.
The thesis looks at the historically important staging posts of regional cooperation by examining interactions between countries in ASEAN: the formation process of the Association of Southeast Asia (ASA) and Maphilindo, both of which should be regarded as the forerunners of ASEAN, in addition to the formation of ASEAN itself. In the ASA, the practice of ‘consultation’ was regarded as important to ensure regional cooperation. The practices of ‘face-saving behaviour’ and ‘informality’ were added to these through the subsequent association of Indonesia, Malaya and the Philippines (Maphilindo). Maphilindo also introduced the idea of ‘working together’, this being written in its charter. In the period between the ending of the three-way dispute after the collapse of Maphilindo and the formation of ASEAN, the working method of ‘shelving thorny issues’, on which no compromise could be achieved, emerged. The thesis shows that the latter was first brought into the settlement process of the territorial dispute over Sabah, which was in important respects the catalyst for the formation of ASEAN. The thesis also looks at the settlement
process employed in the so-called Corregidor affair, which occurred only one year after the establishment of ASEAN, and was most important in shaping the working nature of the new association. In the course of the settlement process of the Corregidor affair, ASEAN first exercised in a loosely, and flexibly, integrated way all four of the above-mentioned practices, and did so under the overarching principle of ‘working together’; a notion that in some significant ways defines the ASEAN Way.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 201
Department of Anesthesia. University of Iowa. Spring 2012.
No full textUniversity of Iowa Department of Anesthesia newsletter
Learning from biophysical heterogeneity: inductive use of case studies for maize cropping systems in Central America
No full textGlobal society has become conscious that efforts towards securing food production will only be successful if agricultural production increases are obtained through mechanisms that ensure active regeneration of the natural resource base. Production options should be targeted in the sense of that their suitability to improve agricultural production and maintain natural resources is evaluated prior to their introduction. Biophysical targeting evaluates production options as a function of the spatial and temporal variability of climate conditions, in interaction with soil, crop characteristics and agronomic management strategies. This thesis contributes to the development of a system-based methodology for biophysical targeting. Cropping system simulation and weather generator tools are interfaced to geographical information systems. Inductive use of two case studies - a green manure cover crop and reduced tillage with residue management - helped to develop the methodology. Insight is gained into the regional potential for and the soil and climate conditions under which successful introduction of these production options may be achieved. The resulting information supports regional stakeholders involved in agriculture in their analysis and discussion, negotiation and decision-making concerning where to implement production systems. This process can improve the supply of appropriate agricultural production practices that enhance production and conserve soil and water resources
GIS news and information, no. 10 (June 1996)
No full textI. Public health GIS events -- II. News from GIS users. A. General news -- News from GIS users. B. Technical news -- News from GIS users. C. Internet news -- III. GIS outreach \u2013 IV. Special field report: GIS Activities at the NCID field station in Guatemala City (Allen Hightower, NCID) \u2013 V. Public health GIS literature -- VI. Attachments: Related census and DHHS developments. A. Update on Census 2000 -- Attachments: Related census and DHHS developments. B. April 9, 1996 notice on genetics initiative circulated to NCHS staff by Jack Anderson, Acting Director -- Attachments: Related census and DHHS developments. C. October 24-26, 1995 meeting of the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, Washington, D.C. (Update on departmental (DHHS) data activities; Future plans for NCHS vital statistics program; Health, U.S. update; HCFAS update on McData project; Reports on subcommittee meetings and workplans) -- Attachments: Related census and DHHS developments. D. Article on the subject of DHHS survey integration by James Scanlon, DHHS, [which] appeared in the most recent issue of the ASA Newsletter (Government Statistics Section) -- Attachments: Related census and DHHS developments. E. Excerpts from February 28, 1996, Public Health Service, National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, Subcommittee on Mental Health Statistics, Washington, D.C
Presidential address, American Society of Agronomy, Dinner meeting, Columbus, Ohio, 3 November 1965
No full textText of Lorenzo A. Richards\u27 Presidential address, American Society of Agronomy, Dinner meeting, Columbus, Ohio, 3 November 1965, entitled, "Our Society and the future,"Presidential Address AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRONOMY Dinner Meeting, Columbus, Ohio 3 November 1965 OUR SOCIETY AND THE FUTGBJE L. A. Richards One of my colleagues, when asked to coament on my proposed talk about our Society and the future, gave qualified approval of the title, but said it would be well, in the opening sentence, to differentiate between the Agronomy Society and the Great Society. I am happy to be able to report to you that I believe the .aneri-can Society ©f Agroaoary is in good condition. We seem to be accomplishing our objectives. Our publications are respected and are widely-distributed. We are meeting our financial obligations. We have a very effective and cooperative Executive Secretary and an efficient Headquarters staff. We are growing rapidly, and most importantly, the spirit of cooper at ion in the Society seems to sie to be very good. To maintain a favorable status as we grow into the future, however, will certainly require willingness and ability to make the necessary changes to keep the Society abreast of the times. I hope you will not think I am depreciating our illustrious past or our successful present if I take a few minutes to mention some changes that I think might be considered for our Society in the future. I shall dwell only briefly on these, and I shall number them to help you in making the transitions. -2- Suggestion No. 1 No picture of the future is complete without a computer in it. I suggest we proceed with all deliberate haste to make use of the prodigious memory, recall and print-out capabilities of the modern electronic machines for expediting our mailing end accounting operations. Such services are readily available and are in use by other societies. Our membership has more than doubled in each of the last several decades. The volume and complexity of our operations are already overloading the capacity of our new Headquarters building. One obvious relief for this overload is to modernize our methods. About a year ago, I arranged an invitation for Dr. Stelly to visit the Headquarters of the American Electrochemical Society in New York City to inspect their compact, automated operation. This Society has fewer members than ours, but membership, subscription, election and publication mailings are handled by an outside computer service. Their subscription returns containing dues, are intercepted and recorded by a bank, with no service charge if the balance exceeds a specified minimum. Dr. Stelly has accepted this invitation and will make the call at early convenience. The Instrument Society of America has this year completed arrangements for and put into use an outside computer service. At their meeting last month in Los Angeles, I took occasion to talk with their controller about how they made the transition. It was his suggestion that setting up the computer program can best be done by a committee of our own «3~ members who are familiar with available equipment, but most importantly, who would also be acquainted with the structure, traditions, and professional requirements of our associated societies. I am reasonably sure we have an ample supply of such members. I recommend that such a committee be constituted and that the work of planning a computer program be seriously commenced. Su^estion^i^ I believe it might be helpful if the Boards of Directors of our three associated societies would adopt a resolution such as the following: "RESOLVED THAT the ASA, CSSA, SSSA, in their cooperative relations, each retain all necessary independence for fulfillment of important in* dividual objectives and that beyond this, they harmonise as many of their organizational procedures as possible.*1 While this statement of intent may not appear to change things much at the moment, over a period of time it could have an important influence in the right direction, especially if maximum advantage is to be taken of computer service. Historically, the Agronomy Society, because of prior origin and acquirement of assets, naturally played the senior role and the Soil and Crop Societies for a time were called affiliates. But now, these Societies have passed adolescence. They have acquired the stature and the confidence enabling them to act and to require treatment as equals. During the year the M A Executive Committee went on record as follows: RIS0LV1B THAT "associated societies" is an acceptable expression for the cooperative relation existing among the three societies of ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. One interesting possibility on harmonization would be for the three Organisation and Policy Committees to produce an outline for arranging the subject matter contained in the bylaws. If an acceptable outline were available as a pattern, then, at convenience over a period of time, the three sets of bylaws could be made structurally similar. This would save much time and confusion because the general officers and legislative bodies of the three Societies refer repeatedly to the three sets of bylaws for guidance. It would save much Zims if the same subject had the same location in each. Harmonization need not become a fetish. On the other hand, why not take advantage of the economies realizable from uniformity of procedures if there are no attractive reasons for differences? SM&SItioa-Io^ Xt is my considered opinion that the amount of work expected of the ASA president and president-elect is overly much and unrealistic for otherwise busy men to take care of on a part-time basis, especially since there is no requirement for the nominating committee to select candidates who have had recent experience on the Board of Directors. I recommend that two additional vice-presidents be added to the present ASA officer staff. This could be done with a minimum of disruption of present interlocking representation with our associated societies. -5- No. 3 and Wo. 2 vice-presidents could be presidential assistants acting under the authority of the president, and without voting membership oa the Board of Directors. Specific duties could be traditional and not assigned in the bylaws. So. 3, for example, could hold ex officio membership en the Organization and Policy and the several "money1* eosmittees and ^\s^y4 < also might advise with the Executive Secretary on Headquarters jggji I * Ho. 2 could be an ex officio member of boards and committees dealing with publications, including responsibility at the annual meeting for the special program. After initial establishment of the system, a new third vice-president would be elected each year, with alternating subject matter interest as at present, and with the tradition that vice-presidents would advance annually toward the presidency. Advantages of the system would be i) to spread the workload for the general officers of ASA over a longer period, 2) to provide a wore orderly and thorough training for the president who must guide the affairs of a reasonably complicated organization, mad 3) to advance the timing of society operations so that committee business and other staff work cos-ducted during the administration of one president can be summarized, reported, and acted on by the Board of Directors in that same administration. For those who may have reservations about adding two vice-presidents to ASA, I suggest that you examine the Encyclopedia of American Societies and Organizations to see how very frequently the multiple vice-president arrangement is used by other societies. -6- Suggestion No. 4 The officers of the subject matter divisions of the associated societies should be made more representative and responsible, if possible, without unduly curbing present privileges of members. 1 believe it is true that an active member of any associated society may submit a paper for publication in any of the journals of the associated societies, may submit a paper for presentation at any of the regular divisional meetings, and if he registers at the national meeting, may attend any of the divisional or society meeting sessions ©f any of the associated societies. This is truly an impressive range of reciprocity and cooperation. With all this freedom, however, no one knows what individuals are interested in or consider themselves members in any given subject matter division. This is a reasonably serious shortcoming of our present system, which I can illustrate by an example. The new Resident Teaching Division, A-l, in the Agronomic group, has subcommittees and award responsibilities for student affairs. Also, there is some pressure to change the name of the division to Resident Instruction. It would be helpful if the division chairman could get a representative opinion from Society members who have a primary interest and concern with these matters. This could be done by mail if ASA members would agree each year to indicate on their subscription blanks the one Agronomic Division in which they choose to vote in divisional affairs for that year. This would be entered with the name and address and other bits of information on the computer code for each ASA member. The chairman for A-l would then only have to send Headquarters the form letter he wished to have sent to members of his division. Dr. Stelly would "push the computer button1* for A-l voters and receive a stack of cards to go in window envelopes and the mailing would be on its way. Names and addresses o£ voters for other individual divisions in the other associated societies could be similarly obtained. At present, membership of our associated societies is composed of friends of agronomy, crop science and soil science, who are willing annually to contribute the subscription price for one of our major periodicals. At some stage in our maturation process, I have no doubt, we shall become professional societies and require a certain level of technical preparation for full membership as is done by professional societies. It may not be too soon to start thinking about this. There is no doubt that competitively we operate at a considerable disadvantage in relation to such groups as veterinarians, agricultural engineers, and foresters, who pay more attention to professional requirements, have something definite to say about acceptable curricula and often get better representation before university and government research administrators. Professional standing in a national soeiety would be of special value also for our members who have connections with Industry. Those of us who are now "inside the fold" should have no qualms about the Society becoming professional, because, when the matter conies up for vote, the motion would contain a granddaddy clause that would -8- inciude us as charter professionals, thus eliminating the danger of a membership coasmittee spying out our backgrounds. This ends my list of suggestions. Fortunately, none has overriding urgency. I do not expect any will be greatly controversial. I leave them with you and your incoming officers with my best wishes for a successful future. It is my expectation that the American Society of Agronomy will exert an increasing influence in the ie^iortaat process of supplying food for people, and at the same time preserving our heritage of land and water resources
The role of humanitarian NGO's: impact on South Korean food aid policy towards North Korea from 1995 to 2007
No full textThe existing literature has provided only a partial explanation of the political role of
South Korean humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in government
food aid policy making towards North Korea between 1995 and 2007. Using a
constructivist approach which includes non-state actor and normative factors in the
analysis of state policy making, this thesis demonstrates that South Korean
humanitarian NGO advocacy was consequential in explaining changes in South Korea’s
food aid policy making in respect of state agenda setting, the formation of a discursive
position and institutional and policy development. Humanitarian NGO advocacy finally
contributed to government establishment of a legal framework that could provide for
more consistent and large scale food aid to North Korea, irrespective of the vagaries of
inter-Korean political relations.
Despite humanitarian NGO advocacy, however, changes at different stages of
state food aid policy making differed among the three administrations. This thesis
demonstrates that these differences were attributable to the differing abilities of NGO to
set agendas, network and graft new norms in respect of government policy on food aid
to North Korea. These differing abilities resulted from changes in organisational
mandates, funding capacities and the expertise of NGOs over time. Firstly, a strong
humanitarian mandate between 1995 and 2000 was a key factor that enabled NGOs to
overcome the organisational limits that stemmed from their poor funding capacity and
lack of expertise. Secondly, stable funding capacity contributed to improvements in
organisational expertise; however, increased reliance on government funding after 2000
resulted in the weakening of NGOs’ advocacy ability. Lastly, given the favourable
operational environment after the Inter-Korean Summit in 2000, the organisational
expertise of NGOs developed to a level where it was possible to exert direct influence
on government food aid policy making towards North Korea
Canon Barnett and the first thirty years of Toynbee Hall
No full textPhDThis thesis is a study of the changing role which Toynbee
Hall, the first university settlement, played in East London between
1884 and 1914. The first chapter presents a brief biography of
Sainiel Augustus Barnett, the founder and first warden of the
settlement, and analyzes his social thought in relation to the
beliefs which were current in Britain during the period. The
second chapter discusses the founding of the settlement, its organization, structure and the aims which underlay its early work. The
third chapter, concentrating on three residents, C.R. Ashbee, .H.
Beveridge and T. Edmund Harvey, shows the way in which subsequent
settlement workers reformulated these aims In accordance with their
own social and economic views. The subsequent chapters discuss the
accomplishments of the settlement in various fields. The fourth
shows that Toynbee Hall's educational program, which was largely an
attempt to work out Matthew Arnold's theory of culture, left little
impact on the life of East London. The fifth chapter discusses the
settlement residents' ineffectual attempts to establish contact with
working men's organizations. The final chapter seeks to demonstrate
that In the field of philanthropy the residents were far more successful than in any other sphere in adapting the settlement to changing
social thought
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