4,885 research outputs found
Joseph Bimeler book order to Peter Kaufmann, February 14, 1845
No full textOrder of two dozen German A.B.C. books (primers) by J.M. Bimeler (by Lewis F. Birk) from Peter Kaufmann.
Led by Joseph Bimeler (sometimes spelled Bäumeler) in 1817, a group of Lutheran separatists left Germany and eventually established the small community of Zoar in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. The group formed the Society of Separatists of Zoar, in which each person donated his or her property to the community as a whole, and in exchange for their work, the society would provide for them. After decades of economic prosperity, the unity of the village declined, and by 1898 the Zoarites disbanded the society.
Peter Kaufmann was a German immigrant and intellectual. He arrived first in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1820; in 1826 he became professor of languages at the Harmony Society town of Economy, Pennsylvania. In 1827, Kaufmann led the establishment of Teutonia, a utopian community in Columbiana County, Ohio, and published its weekly titled "Teutonia: The Herald of a Better Time." Following this he moved to Canton, Ohio, where he became translator and editor of "Der Vaterlandsfreund und Geist der Zeit" under Solomon Sala. Additionally, Kaufmann wrote a number of books on education, as well as a German almanac. He was also an influential Democrat, counting President Van Buren among his friends, and knew Ralph Waldo Emerson
Public Land Use Constraints: Lot and House Configuration
No full textThe public sector constrains the size and shape of lots and buildings via zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations. Zoning ordinances utilize setback requirements, open space ratios, minimum lot area and floor-to-area ratios. Subdivision regulations utilize street and sidewalk spacing requirements. This article provides a framework in which one can analyze the precise impact of these control devices. The choice of developers who face these controls is discussed in terms of a rule of thumb and in terms of a model of profit maximization.
Composting of aged reed bed biosolids for beneficial reuse: a case study in New Jersey, USA
No full textReed beds with Phragmites australis (common reed) have been utilized to decrease the water, nutrient and volatile solids content of sewage sludge. An efficient disposal/reuse option was sought for reed bed biosolids accumulated over a 15 year period at a wastewater treatment facility in New Jersey, USA. The study facility had 14 reed beds, each with 1000 wet tons capacity, which were full, and so the solids needed to be removed. Because P. australis is considered an invasive species in New Jersey and several other states in the United States, disposal or reuse of solids containing this plant is regulated. Composting was examined as a potential treatment for destroying the plant’s reproductive rhizomes. The high temperatures achieved during composting were also tested to determine if regulatory criteria for pathogen reduction could be met, making the composted product suitable for unrestricted land application. Preliminary studies indicated the sludge had stabilized to the point where self-heating did not occur. Among the carbon amendments tested in the laboratory to stimulate compositing activity, Phragmites above ground biomass was determined to be most suitable. In a field test, Phragmites above ground biomass was mixed with reed bed biosolids at a 1:2 (w/w) ratio. The temperatures achieved resulted in complete mortality of Phragmites rhizomes. In laboratory tests, rhizomes placed in a drying oven at 50ºC for 24 hours, or 55ºC for 12 hours, showed 100% plant mortality. However, under field conditions pile temperatures could not be maintained long enough for the sludge to meet the USEPA 503 biosolids time-temperature pathogen rule requirements for unrestricted land application, even though sample fecal coliform counts did meet regulatory limits.Peer reviewed
Household tenure and the mortgage prepayment
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Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionU of I OnlyThis thesis analyzes the relationship between the household's tenure and the mortgage prepayment. The household tenure is the time a home buyer resides in the mortgaged home. During the last decade, most of the home mortgages originated carried due-on-sale clauses, which force borrowers to pay off their mortgages as soon as the underlying real estate parcels are sold. Under such a restriction, the effective life of a mortgage is the minimum of its term and the household's tenure in the mortgaged home. Since most households do not keep their house for as long as the maturity of the mortgage (e.g. 30 years), the effective life of the mortgage is generally determined by the household's tenure.The household's tenure affects the mortgage prepayment mainly through the expiration date of the prepayment option. The prepayment to refinance a fixed rate mortgage is a very special option. Its expiration date is the end of the effective life of the mortgage. Not only is this expiration date random, but also the information set about this variable is asymmetric between the lender and the borrower. The major contribution of this thesis to the literature is to generalize the previous prepayment option pricing models by relaxing the naive assumptions about the expiration date.The assumptions of this household tenure in the previous literature are relaxed in two respects, (1) the assumption that this tenure is non-stochastic is relaxed in chapter two, and (2) the assumption that the information is symmetric between the lender and the borrower is relaxed in chapter three and four. Mortgage pricing models for these two generalized situations are developed. The models are applied in determining (1) the value to the borrower of the mortgage, (2) the interest rate differential needed to justify prepayment, (3) the borrower's choice among different contract rate-discount points combinations, and (4) the value to the lender of the mortgage.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:41:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 199
Zechariah 9-14 as the substructure of 1 Peter’s eschatological program
No full textThe principal aim of this study is to discern what has shaped the author of 1 Peter to regard Christian suffering as a necessary (1.6) and to-be-expected (4.12) component of faithful allegiance to Jesus Christ. Most research regarding suffering in 1 Peter has limited the scope of inquiry to two particular aspects—its cause and nature, and the strategies that the author of 1 Peter employs in order to enable his addressees to respond in faithfulness. There remains, however, the need for a comprehensive explanation for the source that has generated 1 Peter’s theology of Christian suffering. If Jesus truly is the Christ, God’s chosen redemptive agent who has come to restore God’s people, then how can it be that Christian suffering is a necessary part of discipleship after his coming, death and resurrection? What led the author of 1 Peter to such a startling conclusion, which seems to runs against the grain of the eschatological hopes and expectations of Jewish restoration ideology?
This thesis analyzes the appropriation of shepherd and fiery trials imagery,
and argues that the author of 1 Peter is dependent upon Zechariah 9-14 for his
theology of Christian suffering. Said in another way, the eschatological program of
Zechariah 9-14, read through the lens of the Gospel, functions as the substructure
for 1 Peter’s eschatology and thus its theology of Christian suffering.
In support of this hypothesis, this study highlights the fact that Zechariah 9-
14 was available and appropriated in early Christianity, in particular in the Passion
Narrative tradition; that the shepherd imagery of 1 Pet 2.25 is best understood
within the milieu of the Passion Narrative tradition, and that it alludes to the
eschatological program of Zechariah 9-14; that the fiery trials imagery found in 1
Peter 1.6-7 and 1 Pet 4.12 is distinct from that which we find in Greco-Roman and OT
wisdom sources, and that it shares exclusive parallels with some unique features of
the eschatological program of Zechariah 9-14; that Zechariah 9-14 offers a more
satisfying explanation for the modification of Isa 11.2 in 1 Pet 4.14, the transition
from 4.12-19 to 5.1-4, why Peter has oriented his letter with the term διασπορά,
and why he has described his addresses as οἶκος τοῦ θεοῦ; and finally that 1 Peter
contains an implicit foundational narrative that shares distinct parallels with the
eschatological program of Zechariah 9-14.
We can conclude that 1 Peter offers a unique vista into the way in which at
least one early Christian witness came to understand and to communicate the fact
that Christian suffering was a necessary feature of faithful allegiance to Jesus Christ
Real Estate Valuation Models: Lender and Equity Investor Criteria
No full textThe use of valuation models that focus on lender criteria has been growing in the appraisal field. In the rush to build lender criteria into real estate valuation models, equity investor criteria, expectations, and requirements occasionally have been ignored. The specific criteria considered in this paper are the loan-to-value ratio and the debt coverage ratio for lenders and the equity dividend rate for equity investors. Each of these three criteria may be a binding constraint on value.Graphical analysis provides a framework within which major real estate valuation models (i.e., Ellwood, McLaughlin, Gettel, Lusht-Zerbst, and Steele) are compared. A new valuation model (i.e., the Cannaday-Colwell model) is developed which utilizes the equity dividend rate.The three definitional models (i.e., McLaughlin, Gettel, and Steele) are found to be relevant only by mere coincidence. Each of these models simultaneously considers two of the three key criteria, completely eliminating the possibility of consideration of anything else; i.e., the models become tautological.It is shown that the discounted cash flow based models (i.e., Ellwood, Lusht-Zerbst, and Cannaday-Colwell) each tell one-third of the story. One of these models will be relevant depending upon whether the binding constraint is the maximum loan-to-value ratio, the minimum debt coverage ratio, or the minimum equity dividend rate. The relevant model is the one that yields the lowest value estimate of the three. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.
Three essays on housing: Housing rent and occupational rank in Beijing and Shenyang, China. Rent controls, housing subsidies and privatization: An international perspective. The urban housing reform in China
No full textChapter I. Housing rent and occupational rank in Bejjing and Shenyang, China. Under the planned economic system in China, the occupational rank of housing renters has a major effect on the household's rent. The government provides differential housing subsidies to different types of renters of state housing, and the higher the rank, the more the subsidy. However, other key factors such as living area, number of rooms in each housing unit, number of floors in the building, floor on which the unit is located and distance from city center influence rent in similar directions to those one would find in a market economy. Data has been collected from Beijing and Shenyang for cadre (white-collar government employee) housing with ranks of housing renters ranging from junior staff to minister or province governor. Multiple regression analysis is used to estimate a model which reveals the influence of housing attributes on urban housing rent, with special attention to the housing subsidies for the various ranks.Chapter II. Rent controls, housing subsidies and privatization: an international perspective. There have been rent controls and housing subsidies in a variety of both developed and developing countries since World War I. Strict rent controls in these market economies led to a decline in new housing construction, as well as a deterioration in existing rental housing units with low investment or disinvestment and poor services. To avoid these problems, some governments have replaced strict rent controls with moderate ones or decontrolled rents, improved the way in which they provide housing subsidies, and have been privatizing public housing. These experiences with rent control, decontrol, housing subsidy and privatization in those countries can provide points of reference to China and other ex-socialist countries pursuing housing reforms.Chapter III. The urban housing reform in China. Housing reform in China was initiated in the late 1970s. The goal of the reform is to substantially improve housing conditions for the people through the establishment of a housing rental and sales market. The major device for realizing the goal is to increase rent, raise wages and encourage employees to buy houses. Progress in the reform has been steady but success cannot be assured yet. The key issue, how to determine rent and price levels in different cities during and beyond the transition period, is studied in this paper. For more efficient allocation of housing and labor resources, we suggest: (1) a set of differential rents be used for housing with different accessibility and other characteristics; (2) a nationwide free housing market, and (3) a system of property rights secured by law.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:04:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1994Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:36:16Z
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A conversation with Thomas Sowell
No full textIn this episode, host Peter Krogh sits down with Thomas Sowell, the prominent black economist and social commentator. Born in North Carolina, Sowell grew up in Harlem. He received a bachelor's degree from Harvard, a master's degree from Columbia and a PhD from the University of Chicago. In 1980, he became the Rose and Milton Friedman Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. A prolific author, Sowell frequently provoked controversy with his commentary on race and ethnic conflict. In this interview, Dr. Sowell discusses his latest book, The Economics and Politics of Race: An International Perspective, which examines how different races and ethnicities fare in different societies.Host Peter Krogh sits down with economist and social commentator Thomas Sowell to discuss Sowell's latest book The Economics and Politics of Race
Characterization of Wood Mulch and Leachate/Runoff from Three Wood Recycling Facilities
No full textLarge-scale open storage of wood mulch is common practice at wood recycling facilities. During rain and snow melt, leachate with soluble compounds and suspended particles is released from mulch stockpiles. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of leachate/runoff from wood recycling facilities to evaluate its potential to contaminate receiving waterbodies. Wood mulch (n = 30) and leachate/runoff (n = 26) samples were collected over 1.5 years from three wood recycling facilities in New Jersey, USA. Differences by site were found (p < 0.05) for most of the 21 constituents tested in the solid wood mulch samples. Biochemical oxygen demand (range <20 – 3000 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (134 - 6000 mg/L) and total suspended solids (69 - 401 mg/L) median concentrations of the leachate/runoff samples were comparable to those of untreated domestic wastewater. Total Kjeldahl N, total P and fecal coliform median values were slightly lower than typical wastewater values. Dose-response studies with leachate/runoff samples using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos showed that mortality and developmental defects typically did not occur even at the highest concentration tested, indicating low toxicity, although delayed development did occur. Based on this study, leachate/runoff from wood recycling facilities should not be released to surface waters as it is a potential source of organic contamination and low levels of nutrients. A study in which runoff from a controlled drainage area containing wood mulch of known properties is monitored would allow for better assessment of the potential impact of stormwater runoff from wood recycling facilities.Peer reviewe
Optimal Property Management Strategies
No full textThis paper examines the optimal operation strategies for income properties. Specifically, the rental rate and the operating expense should be set at levels to maximize the return on investment. The results suggest that for a given demand curve of a specific rental property, there exist optimal levels of the income ratio, the operating expense ratio, and the vacancy rate. With a Cobb-Douglas demand curve, we derived closed form solutions of these optimal ratios for a given income property. The relevant local comparative statics of these ratios also are derived. These comparative statics also provide insight into the optimal building size and optimal rehabilitation decisions. An empirical case study was conducted to demonstrate how the model can be applied in real life situations.Rental Property, Vacancy Rate; Operating Strategy, Profit Optimization
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