177,446 research outputs found
OROS (R) Hydromorphone in chronic pain management: when drug delivery technology matches clinical needs
No full textThe osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS (R)) is an innovative drug delivery technology that uses osmotic pressure as the driving force to deliver pharmacotherapies in many therapeutic areas. In chronic pain management requiring long-term therapy, pharmaceutical technologies that ensure the controlled release of analgesic medications are imperative. In addition, once-daily formulations ensure better patient compliance to prescribed therapies. Hydromorphone was the first opioid to be formulated as a once-daily preparation using OROS (R) technology. The purpose of this review is to discuss the application of OROS (R) technology in the field of chronic pain management and to examine clinical trial results for OROS (R) Hydromorphone. OROS (R) hydromorphone ensures the constant delivery of hydromorphone over a 24-hour period, and its pharmacokinetic profile is only minimally affected by food and alcohol. Dose-conversion studies have shown that patients with chronic pain can be easily switched from previous opioid therapies to OROS (R) hydromorphone without a loss of pain control. These studies support the clinical utility of the 5:1 ratio used for the conversion of oral morphine to oral OROS (R) hydromorphone. Furthermore, once-daily OROS (R) hydromorphone has been shown to be effective in patients with chronic cancer and non-cancer pain, and it provides similar pain relief to SR morphine and ER oxycodone. In chronic pain management, OROS (R) products can result in more stable drug concentrations, reduced dosing frequency and an improved safety profile. (Minerva Anestesiol 2010;76:1072-84
Multiscale characterization of spatial pattern over 1996-2006 wildland fire events in the Basilicata region
No full textParacetamol/Tramadol association: the easy solution for mild-moderate pain.
No full textSome authors have proposed an updating of the therapeutic recommendations for some kinds of pain, such as musculoskeletal, post-traumatic and post-surgical pain for which a multimodal approach is being increasingly considered. With regard to this, an association of analgesics belonging to different pharmacological classes becomes an important option, given that analgesic efficacy can be ensured using lower dosages of single components, improving the tolerability of the drugs. The fixed combination of paracetamol (325 mg) and tramadol (37.5 mg) has a precisely dose ratio to obtain an additive analgesic effect, improving both the analgesic efficacy, which is more stronger and complete, and the duration of the action, guaranteeing a quick analgesic effect over time. A wide international literature exists for this association. This review considers particularly 15 studies. In nine of them, all double-blind, the duration of treatment was 1-10 days and, in total, 2 537 patients were admitted, affected by acute painful flares of chronic-degenerative pathologies, trauma or subjected to surgery. The mean daily dose of paracetamol/tramadol most frequently used was 4.3-4.5 tablets/day. Rigorous studies were conducted also for chronic pain; in the 6 studies considered the duration of treatment was 4-13 weeks and a total of 1 890 patients, affected by chronic musculoskeletal pain, were admitted. The mean daily dose of paracetamol/tramadol was between 3.5 and 4.2 tablets/day, showing itself to be constant and independent of the disease considered. In conclusion, the fixed association paracetamol/tramadol is a new therapeutic option, particularly useful in mild-moderate pain where paracetamol is inadequate
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Transdermal buprenorphine for moderate chronic noncancer pain syndromes
No full textIntroduction: Chronic noncancer pain has remained a challenging clinical problem. Opioid analgesics are effective, but they are known to be associated with opioid use disorder and potentially treatment-limiting side effects. Buprenorphine is a Schedule III synthetic opioid in the USA with a chemical structure similar to that of morphine but with a longer duration of action, greater potency, and other unique pharmacological attributes. Its role in treatment of chronic noncancer pain may be broader than currently thought. Areas covered: The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of transdermal buprenorphine in moderate chronic noncancer pain syndromes patients will be discussed. Expert commentary: Buprenorphine offers effective analgesia in the form of a Schedule III drug (rather than Schedule II such as oxycodone or morphine) and transdermal buprenorphine is a convenient, accepted, around-the-clock pain reliever. Its lower potential for abuse should make it a more desirable pain reliever but many payers do not reimburse buprenorphine, driving prescribers and their patients to generic versions of the riskier Schedule II oral opioids such as oxycodone and morphine
Magnetic susceptibility measurements used for monitoring heavy metals in the industrial area of Tito scalo. Comparison with the results obtained in different industrial areas of Basilicata Region (southern Italy)
No full text"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Recombinant alpha 2b interferon (alpha-2b-IFN), chlorambucil, and prednisone in advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
No full textNo abstract availabl
Bone pain mechanism in osteoporosis. A narrative review
No full textBone pain in elderly people dramatically affects their quality of life, with osteoporosis being the leading cause of skeletal related events. Peripheral and central mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of the nervous system sensitization. Osteoporosis in the elderly has been associated with increased density of bone sensory nerve fibers and their pathological modifications, together with an over-expression of nociceptors sensitized by the lowering pH due to the osteoclastic activity. The activation of Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the microglia, as a response to a range of pathological conditions, represent the leading cause of central sensitization. Unfortunately, osteoporosis is named the “silent thief” because it manifests with painful manifestation only when a fracture occurs. In the management of patients suffering from bone pain, both the nociceptive and the neuropathic component of chronic pain should be considered in the selection of the analgesic treatment
- …
