1,721,104 research outputs found
A Further Case of Nicotine Sensitivity in Multiple System Atrophy
No full textWe describe a 64-year-old patient affected by multiple system atrophy (MSA) whose symptoms of cerebellar ataxia were temporarily markedly worsened by smoking a cigarette. Interestingly, a similar phenomenon was reported in the original description of MSA by Graham and Oppenheimer in 1969, although never again since then. Cholinergic involvement is present in MSA, as shown by recent pathological and functional neuroimaging studies. Further studies are warranted to investigate the prevalence of nicotine sensitivity in MSA and shed light on its neurochemical substrate
An Early Image of Hemifacial Spasm: Edouard Brissaud Contribution
No full textEdouard Brissauc (1852-1909) was a French neuropsychiatrist of the Charcot school who provided in 1893 the first picture of a patient suffering from hemifacial spasm. Brissaud already suggested several possible etiologies for the involuntary movements of his patient, including the possibility of Inter it malformations compressing the origin of the facial nerve. We also discuss the role of other early European authors (Schultze, Cowers, Babinski, and Negro) who contributed to the definition of hemifacial spasm in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (C) 2010 Movement Disorder Societ
Dopaminergic system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Parkinson's disease
No full text[No abstract available
Efficacy and Safety of Long-term Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Craniocervical Dystonia: A Systematic Review
No full textBotulinum neurotoxins have been shown to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for most forms of focal dystonia, and are now considered to provide the best symptomatic treatment in these disorders. However, only a few papers addressed the long-term efficacy and safety of repeated treatments with this drug. This article reviews the data from clinical trials that have assessed the long-term results of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) and type B in the treatment of the different forms of focal craniocervical dystonia, cervical dystonia (CD), blepharospasm, oromandibular, and laryngeal dystonia. Studies on the long-term effects of BoNT-A therapy have demonstrated that the majority of patients comply with this repeated treatment because they experience a positive and stable effect over time. It is still unclear whether in patients with focal dystonia the mean dose of BoNT-A changes over time. In spite of the wide spectrum of side effects reported to be associated with BoNT-A treatment, there is no evidence of specific side effects due exclusively to the long-term use of such drugs. The only exception to these positive long-term findings is the occurrence of a subgroup of patients with CD who fail to maintain a sustained response after the first or second effective treatment, partly owing to the development of neutralizing antibodies against the toxin. Longitudinal studies aimed at defining the risk factors for this abnormal pattern of response to botulinum toxin treatment are currently being conducted
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