1,721,147 research outputs found
REAZIONI INFIAMMATORIE ACUTE E CRONICHE. in: Compendio di Patologia generale (Caruso C. e Licastro F. eds.)
No full textRole of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase polymorphisms in Alzheimer's disease in a population from northern Italy: implication for pharmacogenomics.
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SARS CoV2 infection _The longevity study perspectives
No full textLike other infectious diseases, COVID-19 shows a clinical outcome enormously variable, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal. In Italy, like in other countries, old male individuals, with one or more comorbidity, are the most susceptible group, and show, consequently, the highest mortality, and morbidity, including lethal respiratory distress syndrome, as the most common complication. In addition, another extraordinary peculiarity, that is a surprising resistance to COVID-19, characterizes some Italian nonagenarians/centenarians. Despite having the typical COVID-19 signs and/or symptoms, such exceptional individuals show a surprising tendency to recover from illness and complications. On the other hand, long-lived people have an optimal performance of immune system related to an overexpression of anti-inflammatory variants in immune/inflammatory genes, as demonstrated by our and other groups. Consequently, we suggest long-lived people as an optimal model for detecting genetic profiles associated with the susceptibility and/or protection to COVID-19, to utilize as potential pharmacological targets for preventing or reducing viral infection in more vulnerable individuals
Understanding ageing: Biomedical and bioengineering approaches, the immunologic view
Full text linkAbstract During the past century, humans have gained more years of average life expectancy than in the last 10,000 years; we are now living in a rapidly ageing world. The sharp rise in life expectancy, coupled to a steady decline in birth rates in all developed countries, has led to an unprecedented demographic revolution characterized by an explosive growth in the number and proportion of older people. Ageing is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the immune system and its ability to function. Progressive changes in the T and B cell systems over the life span have a major impact on the capacity to respond to immune challenge. These cumulative age-associated changes in immune competence are termed Immunosenescence: some immunological parameters are commonly notably reduced in the elderly and, reciprocally good function is tightly correlated to health status. Hence, a better understanding of Immunosenescence and the development of new strategies to counteract it are essential for improving the quality of life of the elderly population.</p
Inflammation, ageing and cancer.
No full textCancer is generally recognized as an age-related disease. In fact, incidence and mortality rates of most
human cancers increase consistently with age up to 90 years, but they plateau and decline thereafter. A
low-grade systemic inflammation characterizes ageing and this pro-inflammatory status underlies
biological mechanisms responsible for age-related inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, clinical and
epidemiological studies show a strong association between chronic infection, inflammation and cancer
and indicate that even in tumours not directly linked to pathogens, the microenvironment is
characterized by the presence of a smouldering inflammation, fuelled primarily by stromal leukocytes. In
this review, we have briefly mentioned inflammatorymediators involved in cancer although we decided
to choose the ones which show a strict association with ageing and longevity. Inflammation is necessary
to manage with damaging agents and is crucial for survival. But, in our opinion, the pro-inflammatory
status of ageing might be one of the mechanisms which relate cancer to ageing. The most appropriate
inflammatory genes have been selected to survive and to reproduce. Paradoxically, inflammatory agerelated
diseases (including cancer) are the marks of the same evolutionistic trait. Centenarians are
characterized by a higher frequency of genetic markers associated with better control of inflammation.
The reduced capacity of centenarians to mount inflammatory responses appears to exert a protective
effect towards the development of those age-related pathologies having a strong inflammatory
pathogenetic component, including cancer. All in all, centenarians seem to carry a genetic background
with a peculiar resistance to cancer which is also an anti-inflammatory profil
Systematic review by meta-analyses on the possible role of TNF-alpha polymorphisms in association with Alzheimer's disease.
No full textIt has been hypothesized that polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α gene affect
the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, results of different studies are
often inconsistent. Our aim was to investigate by meta-analysis the association of the
common polymorphisms comprehensively defining the genetic variability of the TNF-α
gene with AD risk. Hence, the results being stated are of a meta-analysis across studies, and
that this meta-analysis does not invalidate the results of the individual studies previously
performed. Seventeen studies that investigated the association between 5 TNF-α
polymorphisms (−850, −308, −863, −238, and −1031) and AD were retrieved and analyzed.
The model-free approach was applied to meta-analyze these case-control genetic
association studies. Available data suggested a significant association between −850
polymorphism and AD risk (TT vs. TC+CC: pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence
interval [CI], 1.08–2.29; p=0.02) with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity (χ2, p>0.1).
Subgroup analysis suggested that the possession of T allele significantly increased the risk
of AD associated with carriage of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele in Caucasian Australians and
Northern Europeans (TT+TC vs. CC: OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.45–2.62; p=0.00001; p>0.1; χ2 for
heterogeneity, p>0.1). No significant difference in genotype distribution of −308
polymorphism in AD was found, with a high degree of between-study heterogeneity. For
the −863 and −1031 polymorphisms we did not find an association with AD, but significant
between-study heterogeneity discouraged genotype data pooling. Only four studies
investigated the −238 variant and the results were not significant. Current findings
support an association between −850 C>T polymorphism and the risk of developing AD;
hence, they strengthen the suggestion of a potential role for anti-TNF therapy to maintain
physiologic levels of TNF-α
Associazione tra i polimorfismi della molecola di adesione PECAM-1/CD31 ed aterosclerosi: risultati di uno studio condotto in pazienti dell'Italia del nord.
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