2,025 research outputs found
Evolution of cooperation among tumor cells
No full textThe evolution of cooperation has a well established theoretical framework based on game theory. This approach has made valuable contributions to a wide variety of disciplines, including political science, economics, and evolutionary biology. Existing cancer theory suggests that individual clones of cancer cells evolve independently from one another, acquiring all of the genetic traits or hallmarks necessary to form a malignant tumor. It is also now recognized that tumors are heterotypic, with cancer cells interacting with normal stromal cells within the issue microenvironment, including endothelial, stromal, and nerve cells. This tumor cell???stromal cell interaction in itself is a form of commensalism, because it has been demonstrated that these nonmalignant cells support and even enable tumor growth. Here, we add to this theory by regarding tumor cells as game players whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness. We marshal evidence that tumor cells overcome certain host defenses by means of diffusible products. Our original contribution is to raise the possibility that two nearby cells can protect each other from a set of host defenses that neither could survive alone. Cooperation can evolve as byproduct mutualism among genetically diverse tumor cells. Our hypothesis supplements, but does not supplant, the traditional view of carcinogenesis in which one clonal population of cells develops all of the necessary genetic traits independently to form a tumor. Cooperation through the sharing of diffusible products raises new questions about tumorigenesis and has implications for understanding observed phenomena, designing new experiments, and developing new therapeutic approaches.Author manuscript. Published in final edited form as: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 September 5; 103(36): 13474-13479.The final published version of this article is located at: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0606053103NIH U56 CA113004; to David E. AxelrodR.A. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant SES-0240852. D.E.A. was supported by NSF Grant IIS-0312953, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant U56 CA113004, and New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research Grant 1076-CCR-SO. K.J.P. is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor and is supported by NIH Grants CA69568, CA102872, and CA093900.NIH CA69568; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA102872; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA093900; to Kenneth J. PientaNSF SES-0240852; to Robert AxelrodNJ Commission on Cancer Research 1076-CCR-SO; to David E. AxelrodAlso available in PubMed Central. PMCID: PMC155738
Investigating Octopaminergic/Tyraminergic Signaling and Tau Toxicity in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease
No full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of filamentous tau inclusions. Clinical studies have shown that the locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of noradrenaline in the brain displays prominent Tau pathology and extensive cell loss in AD. However, the interaction between noradrenergic signaling and Tau toxicity in the diseased brain has been largely understudied. To determine if noradrenergic signaling mediates Tau toxicity, I utilized the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to examine the effects of modulating signaling of the invertebrate homologs of noradrenaline and adrenaline, octopamine and tyramine, on Tau toxicity. To this end, I expressed human wild-type Tau in the Drosophila eye in conjunction with genetic manipulation of octopaminergic and tyraminergic signaling. Using this paradigm, both suppressors and enhancers of Tau toxicity were identified. Based on previous research, I predicted that a reduction in octopaminergic/tyraminergic signaling would result in an enhancement of Tau toxicity. Contrary to my hypothesis, I found that a reduction of Tyramine 1 receptor (TYR1-R) signaling suppresses Tau toxicity. The results of this study implicate TYR1-R signaling as a mediator of Tau toxicity and suggest a novel role for biogenic amines in the regulation of mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.Neuroscience and Behavio
Ground-water hydrology of the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California
No full textby Marshall W. Gannett, Kenneth E. Lite Jr., Jonathan L. La Marche, Bruce J. Fisher, and Danial J. Polette ; prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Water Resources Department.Title from PDF cover (viewed on April 22, 2020).Covers OCLC #1151627285 and OCLC #123900688.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the State Library of Oregon U.S. Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Child Welfare Practice : A Conversation About Reality
No full textBy Kenneth J. Herrmann, College at Brockport faculty member.
The author\u27s fifty years of practice in social work and child welfare have resulted in this examination and critique of America\u27s treatment of childhood. This advances a radical approach to ensuring the needs of children, an approach based in social justice and human rights.https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/bookshelf/1345/thumbnail.jp
Life and experiences of George Washington Nichols
No full textTypescript of an account of some anecdotes from the life of George Washington Nichols (born 1859) of Salt Lake City. Author unknown; transcribed by Kenneth L. Seifert of Brigham City, April 25, 193
Methodology for ion neutralization at solid/electrolyte interfaces
No full textPT: J; CR: ADELMAN SA, 1974, J CHEM PHYS, V61, P4242 ADELMAN SA, 1975, J CHEM PHYS, V62, P4908 ADELMAN SA, 1976, J CHEM PHYS, V64, P2375 ANDERSON PW, 1961, PHYS REV, V124, P41 BLANDIN A, 1976, J PHYSIQUE, V37, P369 BLOSS W, 1978, SURF SCI, V72, P277 BOCKRIS JOM, 1963, P ROY SOC LOND A MAT, V274, P55 BRAKO R, 1981, SURF SCI, V108, P253 BRAKO R, 1984, PHYS REV B, V30, P5629 BRAKO R, 1985, PHYS SCR, V32, P451 BRAKO R, 1985, SOLID STATE COMMUN, V55, P633 CHAMBERS LG, 1976, INTEGRAL EQUATIONS S, P114 CIZEK J, 1969, ADV CHEM PHYS, V14, P35 EASA SI, 1985, SURF SCI, V161, P129 GRIMLEY TB, 1983, SURF SCI, V124, P305 MAKOSHI K, 1984, J PHYS SOC JPN, V53, P2441 MCDOWELL HK, 1982, CHEM PHYS, V72, P451 MCDOWELL HK, 1982, J CHEM PHYS, V77, P3263 MCDOWELL HK, 1985, J CHEM PHYS, V83, P772 MORRISON SR, 1980, ELECTROCHEMISTRY SEM, P31 NEWNS DM, 1969, PHYS REV, V178, P1123 NEWNS DM, 1983, PHYS SCRIPTA, V6, P5 PARENT LG, 1984, J ELECTROANAL CH INF, V163, P23 SCHMICKLER W, 1979, J ELECTROANAL CHEM, V100, P533 SCHMICKLER W, 1980, J ELECTROANAL CH INF, V113, P159 SCHUGARD M, 1977, J CHEM PHYS, V66, P2534 SEBASTIAN KL, 1981, SURF SCI, V110, L571 SEBASTIAN KL, 1983, PHYS LETT A, V98, P39 SEBASTIAN KL, 1985, PHYS REV B, V31, P6976 SHANKAR R, 1982, PRINCIPLES QUANTUM M, P482 SROUBEK Z, 1981, SPRINGER SERIES CHEM, V17, P277 TULLY JC, 1980, ANNU REV PHYS CHEM, V31, P319 WATSON GN, 1966, TREATISE THEORY BESS YEAGER E, 1982, SURF SCI, V101, P1; NR: 34; TC: 18; J9: J ELECTROANAL CHEM; PG: 12; GA: C8849Source type: Electronic(1
Understanding Populism Through Difference: The Significance of Economic and Social Axes. An Interview with Kenneth Roberts, Cornell University
No full textKenneth M. Roberts is the Richard J. Schwartz Professor of Government and Binenkorb Director of Latin American Studies at Cornell University. His research and teaching interests focus on party systems, populism, social movements, and the politics of inequality in Latin America and beyond. He is the author of Changing Course in Latin America: Party Systems in the Neoliberal Era (Cambridge University Press) and Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru (Stanford University Press). He is also the co-editor of The Resurgence of the Latin American Left (Johns Hopkins University Press), The Diffusion of Social Movements (Cambridge University Press), and Beyond Neoliberalism? Patterns, Responses, and New Directions in Latin America and the Caribbean (Palgrave-MacMillan)
Lepers and Lunacy : An American in Vietnam today : A Novel
No full textBy Kenneth J. Herrmann, Jr.An autobiographical account of a war veteran who returned to Vietnam and started a study abroad program there. A unique perspective of the relationship today between Vietnam and America that not only takes the reader into the author\u27s life, but also into the lives of lepers, families who live in a garbage dump, and many others.https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/bookshelf/1231/thumbnail.jp
Mot nguoi My o Viet Nam hom nay: Lepers and Lunacy: An American in Vietnam Today
No full textBy Kenneth J. Herrmann, Jr.
An autobiographical account of a war veteran who returned to Vietnam and started a study abroad program there. A unique perspective of the relationship today between Vietnam and America that not only takes the reader into the author\u27s life, but also into the lives of lepers, families who live in a garbage dump, and many others.https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/bookshelf/1289/thumbnail.jp
Latino politics: identity, mobilization, and representation
No full textDue to the dramatic growth of the Latino population in America, in combination with the relative decline of the Anglo (non-Hispanic white) share, Latino Studies is increasingly at the forefront of political concern. With Latino Politics: Identity, Mobilization, and Representation, editors Rodolfo Espino, David L. Leal, and Kenneth J. Meier bring together essays from a number of leading scholars to address the ever-more important issues within the field. Providing an overview of issues surrounding Latino identity and political opinion—such as differences among Latino groups based on national origin, the importance of descriptive representation, and issues of competition and cooperation, particularly with reference to African Americans—the editors speak to the many fundamental debates ingrained in the discipline.
In addition to highlighting important contributions of the study of Latino politics to date, this volume suggests areas that have yet to be explored and, perhaps more importantly, demonstrates how the study of Latino politics relates to broader questions of American politics and society. Foregrounding debates in the overall discipline of political science, the collection will appeal to those who study Latino politics as well as those who are interested in understanding American politics and society with reference to Latino and "minority" concerns
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