1,453 research outputs found
Bodaboda wa Dar es Salaam : kuelekea usafiri endelevu na uhakika wa ustawi wa amisha
No full textMichaela Collord, Nice Amon Mwansas
Bodaboda in Dar es Salaam : towards sustainable and secure livelihoods
No full textMichaela Collord, Nice Amon Mwansas
Bodaboda in Dar es Salaam : towards sustainable and secure livelihoods
No full textMichaela Collord and Nice Amon Mwansas
Wealth, Power, and Authoritarian Institutions: Comparing Dominant Parties and Parliaments in Tanzania and Uganda
No full textThrough an analysis of the recent political history of Tanzania and Uganda, Wealth, Power, and Authoritarian Institutions offers a novel explanation of why authoritarian parties and legislatures vary in strength, and why this variation matters. Michaela Collord elaborates a view of authoritarian political institutions as both reflecting and magnifying elite power dynamics. While there are many sources of elite power, the book centres on material power. It outlines how diverse trajectories of state-led capitalist development engender differing patterns of wealth accumulation and elite contestation across regimes. These differences, in turn, influence institutional landscapes.Where accumulation is more closely controlled by state and party leaders, as was true in Tanzania until economic liberalization in the 1980s, rival factions remain subdued. Ruling parties can then consolidate relatively strong institutional structures, and parliament remains marginal. Conversely, where a class of private wealth accumulators expands, as occurred in Tanzania after the 1980s and in Uganda after the National Resistance Movement took power in 1986, rival factions can more easily form, simultaneously eroding party institutions and encouraging greater legislative strength.Collord uses this analysis to reassess the significance of a stronger legislature. She considers its influence on distributive politics, both regressive and progressive. She also considers its relation to democratization, particularly in a context of broader liberalizing reforms. The book ultimately encourages a closer examination of how would-be democratic institutions interact with an underlying power distribution, shaping in whose interests they operate
Lightning activity in the regions of MSC over Czechia
Full text linkTitle: Lightning activity in the regions of MCS over Czechia Author: Michaela Arnoštová Department: Department of Atmospheric Physics Supervisor: Mgr. Michal Žák, Ph.D., Department of Atmospheric Physics Abstract: This bachelor's thesis deals with lighting activity and its detection in mesoscale convective systems (MCS) over the Czech Republic and adjacent areas. The first part describes the formation and development of MCS, electrical charge distribution inside clouds, types of lightning and their detection. The second part is devoted to five specific MCS that occurred in different time periods. Data of lightning detection network (LINET) are used to describe the characteristics of lightning, especially their temporal and spatial development, occurrence of different types of lightning and development of their current amplitude and altitude. Keywords: Mesoscale convective system, lightning activity, lightning detectio
The political economy of institutions in Africa: Comparing authoritarian parties and parliaments in Tanzania and Uganda
Full text linkThis thesis presents an original theory of authoritarian party and legislative institutions in Africa, tracing their trajectories from an early period of regime consolidation through subsequent episodes of socio-economic and institutional change.
Contra a dominant rational choice literature on authoritarian institutions, as well as an Africanist analysis of âneo-patrimonialismâ, I demonstrate how institutional variation reflects differences in the underlying distribution of power across African regimes. I argue, first, that variation in legislative strength and assertiveness is a function of the institutional strength and cohesion of ruling parties. The institutional make-up of these parties varies, in turn, depending on the early strategies of âpoliticized accumulationâ and patronage distribution deployed by authoritarian leaders, as well as subsequent patterns of economic change. The legislature remains more marginal and subservient where authoritarian leaders work to centralise wealth accumulation, control patronage distribution and build up party institutions to channel and constrain elite contestation. By contrast, parliaments assert themselves where more diffuse patterns of accumulation fuel patron-client factionalism, undermine party cohesion and turn the legislature into an arena for intra-elite bargaining.
Beyond analysing when and how parliaments strengthen, I also reassess the significance of a more assertive legislature, particularly its implications for distributive outcomes. My explanation of institutional variation yields fresh insights regarding whose interests a stronger legislature is likely to represent. Once we appreciate the role of elite contestation in driving legislative activity, it follows that parliamentary interventions tend to serve elite interests, reinforcing an existing wealth inequality.
To demonstrate this argument, I use a combination of within- and cross-case analysis, drawing primarily on the Tanzanian and Ugandan cases with further reference to Kenya and Rwanda. I adopt a process tracing methodology to assess the validity of my causal argument and, for evidence, rely primarily on qualitative data drawn from elite interviews, archival work and observation of relevant party and legislative meetings. </p
Wealth, power and institutional change in Tanzania’s parliament
Full text linkTanzania’s legislature, or Bunge, has undergone considerable change in recent decades, gradually strengthening to attain unprecedented influence during Jakaya Kikwete’s presidency (2005–2015) only to decline again under President John Magufuli (2015–2021). This article investigates Bunge’s institutional evolution, asking what explains institutional change within an authoritarian legislature, dominated in this case by the ruling party, Chama Cha Mapinduzi. Building on recent literature highlighting the influence of elite contestation on legislative outcomes, the article seeks to go further by probing the nature and origins of the elite factions driving legislative institutional change. It uses insights from a recent political settlements literature, as well as older work on African political economy, to outline how changes to Tanzania’s Parliament have both reflected—and magnified—shifting patterns of elite contestation within CCM. These elite power struggles, in turn, vary with changes in the extent of private wealth accumulation and the related expansion of rival patron–client factions. When private accumulation has continued relatively uninhibited, as was true under Kikwete but not Magufuli, then factional contestation intensified and surfaced in parliament, helping to drive legislative institutional strengthening. For this analysis, I use interview and archival data gathered during extensive fieldwork
From the electoral battleground to the parliamentary arena: understanding intra-elite bargaining in Uganda's National Resistance Movement
Full text linkFollowing Uganda’s 2005 multiparty transition, observers expected the country’s legislature – an unusually assertive body by regional standards – to lose its bite, muzzled due to newly re-instated party disciplinary measures. This article explains why – contrary to these expectations – executive-legislative tensions persist and, more fundamentally, what this tells us about the nature of one-party and executive dominance in Uganda. Inspired by a comparative politics literature on parties as well as an older generation of Africanist scholarship, the analysis centres on the nexus linking political finance, party-building and legislative independence. The article argues that the legacy of Uganda’s ‘no-party’ Movement system endures, perpetuated through the highly personalized and contentious nature of electoral mobilization. By failing to recentralize control of campaign finance, the National Resistance Movement (NRM) leadership has left parliamentary candidates largely to their own devices while undermining its own nascent efforts to ensure greater party institutionalization. The consequence of this failure to institutionalize the ruling party plays out in a more assertive legislature, where NRM MPs – who form the overwhelming majority – frequently rebel against the party line. Unable to enforce partisan discipline, Museveni is compelled to buy back legislators’ support through executive patronage. While he generally succeeds in subduing Parliament, especially towards the end of a legislative term, this success is by no means automatic. As such, the Ugandan legislature is best understood as an arena for intra-elite bargaining, its independence contingent on the push-and-pull between President Museveni and unruly NRM MPs
Riflessioni linguistiche sul tedesco e sul russo in Julya Rabinowich: un confronto tra narrazione autobiografica orale e il romanzo Spaltkopf
No full textLinguistic Reflections in German and Russian in Julya Rabinowich: A Comparative
Study of Oral Autobiographical Narrative and the Novel Spaltkopf.
The Austrian author Julya Rabinowich, born in Leningrad in 1970 to a family of Rus-
sian Jews and emigrated to Vienna at the age of 7, is one of the most renowned repre-
sentatives of contemporary literature in the German language. Rabinowich made her
literary debut in 2008 with Spaltkopf (Split Head), her most strongly autobiographical
novel. In 2012, the writer was interviewed by Michaela Bürger-Koftis as part of the
research project Polyphonie. Mehrsprachigkeit_Kreativität_Schreiben. This interview
can be understood as a linguistic biography, as Rabinowich recounts her experiences
related to the languages in her linguistic repertoire, focusing particularly on German
and Russian. From this account, the author’s Spracheinstellungen (linguistic attitudes),
as well as the impressions and emotions related to her two main languages, emerge.
The aim of this study is to compare the interview passages in which Rabinowich
expresses herself regarding German and Russian with excerpts from Spaltkopf where
the relationship of the protagonist, Mischka, with these two languages emerges. In this
162 Michaela Bürger-Koftis, Ramona Pellegrino
way, it will be possible to determine whether Spaltkopf reflects not only the author’s
migratory experience but also her linguistic biography. Furthermore, it will be analyz-
ed if and to what extent the expression of linguistic attitudes and emotions related to
German and Russian differs between the novel and the oral autobiographical account.
To examine how Rabinowich expresses her linguistic experiences and emotions relat-
ed to German and Russian, a qualitative analysis of the texts will be conducted, with
a theoretical approach based on the concepts of linguistic biography and verbalization
of emotions developed by Brigitta Busch and Reinhard Fiehler
Crime Fiction by Michaela Klevisová
No full textPředmětem bakalářské práce je analýza detektivní prózy současné autorky Michaely
Klevisové. První část se zaměřuje na žánrovou charakteristiku detektivní prózy a stručné postižení vývoje světové detektivky. Blíže si všímá dvou klasických postav
detektivů: Sherlocka Holmese a Hercula Poirota. Následně podává obraz vývoje české
detektivky. Součástí první části je také představení spisovatelky Michaely Klevisové a její tvorby. V druhé části přináší bakalářská práce žánrovou a tematickou analýzu vybraných knih Michaely Klevisové. Zabývá se zejména příběhem, postavami a detektivními motivy. V závěru předkládá práce vzájemné porovnání analyzovaných knih.The bachelor thesis deals with an analysis of detective prose written by the contemporary author Michaela Klevisová. The first part focuses on the genre characteristics of detective prose and a brief description of the development of detective fiction in literature worldwide. It takes a closer look at two classic detective characters: Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot. Next, the thesis offers an overview of the development of Czech detective fiction. The first part also includes general introductory information on the writer Michaela Klevisová and her work. In its second part, the thesis presents a genre and thematic analysis of selected books by Michaela Klevisová. It deals mainly with the story, characters and detective themes. In the conclusion, the thesis presents a mutual comparison of the analyzed books
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