3,414 research outputs found
Enabling pulse compression and proton acceleration in a modular ICF driver for nuclear and particle physics applications
No full textThe existence of efficient ion acceleration regimes in collective laser-plasma interactions opens up the possibility to develop high-energy physics facilities in conjunction with projects for inertial confinement nuclear fusion (ICF) and neutron spallation sources. In this paper, we show that the pulse compression requests to make operative these acceleration mechanisms do not fall in contradiction with current technologies for high repetition rate ICF drivers. In particular, we discuss explicitly a solution that exploits optical parametric chirped pulse amplification and the intrinsic modularity of the lasers aimed at ICF. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Comparison of riparian willows and riprap as habitat for fish and invertebrates in the Waikato River
No full textWillows (Salix spp.) are an abundant alien tree and have been the mainstay of river bank protection throughout New Zealand. Riprap is another method of bank stabilisation consisting of rocks used to amour shorelines to protect against erosion. There is a trend for increasing use of riprap to replace willow along the banks of large rivers in New Zealand, but there is limited information on the ecological roles of these different bank types to support management. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of different bank habitats on nearshore fish and invertebrate communities in the Waikato River as it passes through Hamilton city. The study involves three sites situated along the river. Each site has four bank types consisting of willow, riprap, a mixture of willow and riprap, and beach. Invertebrate sampling was carried out on three occasions to assess if there was a seasonal effect on community composition. Fish were sampled bimonthly determine differences in community composition. Assessment of fish populations was carried out with using boat electrofishing, Gee minnow trapping and spotlighting, while invertebrate populations were sampled by kick netting. Few significant differences were detected in invertebrate diversity between willow, riprap and willow/riprap habitats. However, community composition based on relative abundance was different among contrasting habitats in most seasons and Pielou’s evenness was greater for the more homogenous beach and riprap habitats. Riprap had consistently high alpha diversity but had lower species accumulation on two out of three dates suggesting there was a limited pool of taxa colonising the riprap compared to other habitats. Pairwise dissimilarity coefficients and PERMANOVA comparisons indicated that, although low in alpha diversity, beach habitats contributed significantly to macroinvertebrate beta diversity, and that willow and riprap habitats also supported different combinations of taxa due to different physical conditions. The combination of beach and willow habitats gave the highest gamma diversity. Willow habitats supported the highest number of both introduced and native fish, mainly reflecting abundances of common smelt, likely due to provision of cover, complex aquatic habitat, and riparian vegetation supplying detritus and invertebrate food resources. Riprap habitats supported the highest number of common bully. Common bully were also significantly larger in this habitat. Variations in water temperature, amount of shade, and river levels were possible factors contributing to temporal influences on biological patterns. The findings of this study indicate that, if all banks habitats in Hamilton City were composed of a single type, invertebrate biodiversity would be reduced. While the combination of beach and willow habitats may sustain high diversity for invertebrates and fish, the novel habitat provided by riprap may also favour some native fish and invertebrates over others. Therefore, a balance of different bank habitat types would perhaps be best to sustain present-day biodiversity levels in near shore macroinvertebrate and fish communities
Reflections of a Jewish, Lesbian Author
No full textIn this essay, Jewish lesbian author Leslea Newman speaks of the importance of finding one's own identity reflected in works of literature, citing examples of her own work, and recommending the writings of other Jewish lesbian authors of merit
The measurement, analysis and improvement of the wavefront quality of the Vulcan laser system
No full textScaling High Peak Powers to High Average Powers - Opportunities in Innovation and Technology
No full textEcological values of Hamilton urban streams (North Island, New Zealand): constraints and opportunities for restoration
No full textUrban streams globally are characterised by degraded habitat conditions and low aquatic biodiversity, but are increasingly becoming the focus of restoration activities. We investigated habitat quality, ecological function, and fish and macroinvertebrate community composition of gully streams in Hamilton City, New Zealand, and compared these with a selection of periurban sites surrounded by rural land. A similar complement of fish species was found at urban and periurban sites, including two threatened species, with only one introduced fish widespread (Gambusia affinis). Stream macroinvertebrate community metrics indicated low ecological condition at most urban and periurban sites, but highlighted the presence of one high value urban site with a fauna dominated by sensitive taxa. Light-trapping around seepages in city gullies revealed the presence of several caddisfly species normally associated with native forest, suggesting that seepage habitats can provide important refugia for some aquatic insects in urban environments. Qualitative measures of stream habitat were not significantly different between urban and periurban sites, but urban streams had significantly lower hydraulic function and higher biogeochemical function than periurban streams. These functional differences are thought to reflect, respectively, (1) the combined effects of channel modification and stormwater hydrology, and (2) the influence of riparian vegetation providing shade and enhancing habitat in streams. Significant relationships between some macroinvertebrate community metrics and riparian vegetation buffering and bank protection suggest that riparian enhancement may have beneficial ecological outcomes in some urban streams. Other actions that may contribute to urban stream restoration goals include an integrated catchment approach to resolving fish passage issues, active reintroduction of wood to streams to enhance cover and habitat heterogeneity, and seeding of depauperate streams with native migratory fish to help initiate natural recolonisation
Transfer Pricing and the Arm's Length Principle after BEPS
No full textThis is the first book to present a sustained analysis and critique of arm's length based transfer pricing rules following the G20 / OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. The book considers the nature and scope of transfer pricing rules based on the arm's length principle starting with an explanation of how the rules were created and how they evolved over time. It provides how internationally accepted transfer pricing rules were applied immediately prior to the BEPS project, and describes the principal problems that had arisen with those rules.
The issues highlighted include problems relating to the complexity of the rules, the use and availability of comparables, and, in particular, problems permitting avoidance and income shifting, including problems related to low tax entities with 'excessive capital'. Having described the pre-BEPS rules and inherent problems, the book goes on to examine the extent to which the work undertaken by the BEPs project provides a solid foundation for future transfer pricing determinations and the problems that remain after BEPS. It identifies those issues on which the BEPS output has been positive, and also those issues which BEPS has not successfully addressed and which remain problematic.
This book is the most detailed and up-to-date publication on this highly topical and often controversial topic
Staging the life-world: Habermas and the recuperation of Austin speech act theory
No full textPT: J; CR: APEL KO, 1976, SPRACHPRAGMATIK PHIL AUSTIN JL, 1962, HOW TO DO THINGS WOR AUSTIN JL, 1970, PHILOS PAPERS CULLER J, 1982, DECONSTRUCTION DERRIDA J, 1977, GLYPH, V1 ECO U, 1992, UNDERSTANDING ORIGIN, P273 FISH S, 1987, TRACING LIT THEORY HABERMAS J, 1984, THEORY COMMUNICATIVE, V1 HABERMAS J, 1987, THEORY COMMUNICATIVE, V2 HABERMAS J, 1989, JURGEN HABERMAS SOC MARTINET A, 1962, FUNCTIONAL VIEW LANG, P24 QUINE WV, 1960, WORD OBJECT SEARLE JR, 1969, SPEECH ACTS SEARLE JR, 1977, GLYPH, V1 VANEEMEREN F, 1983, SPEECH ACTS ARGUMENT WARNOCK GJ, 1989, FL AUSTIN; NR: 16; TC: 0; J9: J THEOR SOC BEHAV; PG: 12; GA: KR147Source type: Electronic(1
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