1,011 research outputs found
Acute Sedentary Behaviour and Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies
No full textNorth Americans spend half their waking hours engaging in sedentary behaviour. Although several recent interventions suggest that short bouts of uninterrupted sedentary behaviour may result in acute increases in cardiometabolic risk, this literature has not been reviewed systematically. This study performed a systematic review of the impact of uninterrupted sedentary behaviour lasting ≤7 days on markers of cardiometabolic risk (insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and fasting insulin, glucose, and lipid levels) in humans. Interventions were identified through systematic searches of Medline and Embase and screened by 2 independent reviewers. A total of 25 interventions were identified that examined the impact of imposed sedentary behaviour on biomarkers of interest. The majority of these studies focused on healthy young men, with very little identified research on females or other age groups. We found consistent, moderate quality evidence that uninterrupted sedentary behaviour ≤7 days results in moderate and deleterious changes in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and plasma triglyceride levels. In contrast, there is inconsistent, very low-quality evidence linking uninterrupted sedentary behaviour with changes in insulin, glucose, and HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that uninterrupted bouts of sedentary behaviour should be avoided in order to prevent or attenuate transient increases in metabolic risk
Supplemental video 1 and video 2 to preprint article: Surface acoustic wave integrated microfluidics for repetitive and reversible temporary immobilization of C. elegans
No full textNo audio.The ZIP file contains two supplemental videos to the preprint article: BIORXIV/2022/496864; Surface Acoustic Wave Integrated Microfluidics for Repetitive and Reversible Temporary Immobilization of C. elegans by Nakul Sridhar, Apresio Kefin Fajrial, Rachel L. Doser, Frederic L. Hoerndli, and Xiaoyun Ding
Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth
No full textAbstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that, independent of physical activity levels, sedentary behaviours are associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic disease, all-cause mortality, and a variety of physiological and psychological problems. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to determine the relationship between sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth aged 5-17 years. Online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO), personal libraries and government documents were searched for relevant studies examining time spent engaging in sedentary behaviours and six specific health indicators (body composition, fitness, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, self-esteem, pro-social behaviour and academic achievement). 232 studies including 983,840 participants met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Television (TV) watching was the most common measure of sedentary behaviour and body composition was the most common outcome measure. Qualitative analysis of all studies revealed a dose-response relation between increased sedentary behaviour and unfavourable health outcomes. Watching TV for more than 2 hours per day was associated with unfavourable body composition, decreased fitness, lowered scores for self-esteem and pro-social behaviour and decreased academic achievement. Meta-analysis was completed for randomized controlled studies that aimed to reduce sedentary time and reported change in body mass index (BMI) as their primary outcome. In this regard, a meta-analysis revealed an overall significant effect of -0.81 (95% CI of -1.44 to -0.17, p = 0.01) indicating an overall decrease in mean BMI associated with the interventions. There is a large body of evidence from all study designs which suggests that decreasing any type of sedentary time is associated with lower health risk in youth aged 5-17 years. In particular, the evidence suggests that daily TV viewing in excess of 2 hours is associated with reduced physical and psychosocial health, and that lowering sedentary time leads to reductions in BMI
Measurement of sedentary behaviour in population health surveys: a review and recommendations
No full textExercise-induced energy expenditure : implications for exercise prescription and obesity
No full textObjective:\ud
Walking is commonly recommended to help with weight management. We measured total energy expenditure (TEE) and its components to quantify the impact of increasing exercise-induced energy expenditure (ExEE) on other components of TEE. \ud
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Methods:\ud
Thirteen obese women underwent an 8-week walking group intervention. TEE was quantified using doubly labeled water, ExEE was quantified using heart rate monitors, daily movement was assessed by accelerometry and resting metabolic rate was measured using indirect calorimetry. \ud
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Results:\ud
Four of the 13 participants achieved the target of 1500 kcal wk−1 of ExEE and all achieved 1000 kcal wk−1. The average ExEE achieved by the group across the 8 weeks was 1434 ± 237 kcal wk−1. Vigorous physical activity, as assessed by accelerometry, increased during the intervention by an average of 30 min per day. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) decreased, on average, by 175 kcal d−1 (−22%) from baseline to the intervention and baseline fitness was correlated with change in NEAT. \ud
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Conclusions: \ud
Potential alterations in non-exercise activity should be considered when exercise is prescribed. The provision of appropriate education on how to self-monitor daily activity levels may improve intervention outcomes in groups who are new to exercise. \ud
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Practice implications: \ud
Strategies to sustain incidental and light physical activity should be offered to help empower individuals as they develop and maintain healthy and long-lasting lifestyle habits.\ud
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'Do it Yourself' Girl Revolution: LadyFest, Performance and Fanzine Culture
No full textRiot grrrl began as an independent music and political movement in the early 1990s emerging initially in the USA and few years later in the UK. From the beginning riot grrrl embraced a 'do-it-yourself' ethos operating outside the mainstream music business organising independent music festivals, workshop events and encouraging self-published fanzines (fan magazines which were distributed primarily through word of mouth, music gigs, artists and zine book fairs or by post). These zines became recognisable forms of personal expression and made visible a specific DIY approach alongside the development of a coherent style of graphic language in the producer's use of the photocopier, handwritten and graffiti texts, cut-n-paste and ransom note lettering style, collage and the co-option of mainstream media imagery. These production techniques made fanzine publishing accessible and played a central role in the development of a non-hierarchical community.
The main intent of this talk is to explore the idea of 'event as performance' using as a case study the specific activities of riot grrrl and focussing on a series of international events called 'LadyFests' and the graphic language of self-published riot grrrl fanzines. This will be achieved by examining the origins of today's riot grrrl performances (e.g. theatre, spoken word, music events) in 1970s feminist art, as well as locating the activities within the specific context of their counter-cultural predecesors including punk and punk performance
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A cross species metabolomics analysis on the effect of biological stressors such as depression and sleep loss on the host metabolome
No full textIt would be next to impossible to list the many people who have supported and helped me get to where I am today. My trajectory from birth to graduate school has not been linear. I have always had a natural curiosity about the world around me; starting from my time growing up as an illegal immigrant in the city of Los Angeles, to my time served as rifleman in the United State Marine Corps, and my current position as a scientist. The richness of these experiences has had a profound influence on the way I approach life. Through it all, Patricia, my mother, sacrificed everything and made this possible. Cristina, my younger sister, has been a constant reminder that I have an obligation as an older brother to make her proud. Arpa, my love and joy, has walked this crucible called graduate school next to me, and has been a constant source of love and encouragement. To the three most important people in my life, thank you for everything. My success as a scientist can be attributed to the various scientist I can call mentors and friends. Professor Jamil Momand, my undergraduate advisor and research mentor, introduced me to the field of biochemistry and encourage me to pursue my Ph.D.. Thank you for your guidance and support. Professor Pieter C. Dorrestein, my Ph.D mentor, provided me with a once in a life time experience graduate education in mass spectrometry and its application in life sciences. I cannot express how thankful I am for your mentorship, guidance, and support. The environment that you have cultivated in the Dorrestein lab provided me with the tools and opportunities to grow and succeed as a researcher. I will always appreciate everything that you have done for me. I would also like to thank my committee members for their role in my graduate education, thank you Professor Rob Knight, Professor Rachel Dutton, Professor Susan S. Golden, and Professor Jose Pruneda-Paz.Chapter 2, in full, is a reprint of the material as it appears in Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019. da Silva, R. R; Vargas, F; Ernst, M; Nguyen, N. H; Bolleddu, S; del Rosario, K. K; Tsunoda, S. M; Dorrestein, P. C; Jarmusch, A. K.; Springer US, 2018. The dissertation author was a primary investigator and author of this paper. Chapter 3, in full, has been submitted for publication of the material as it may appear in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2019, Vargas, F; Weldon, K. C; Sikora, N; Wang, M; Zhang, Z; Gentry, E. C; Panitchpakdi, M. W; Caraballo, M; Dorrestein, P. C; Jarmusch, A. K.; John Wiley & Sons, 2019. The dissertation author was the primary investigator and author of this paper. Chapter 4, in full, has been submitted for publication of the material as it may appear in Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019, Vargas, F; Dethloff, F; Emmanuel, E; Quinn, R; Park, D. I; Herzog, D. P, Müller, M. B; Gentry, E. C; Knight, R; Gonzalez, A; Dorrestein, P. C; Turck, C. W.; Frontiers Media, 2019. The dissertation author was the primary investigator and author of this paper. Chapter 5, in full, has been submitted for publication of the material as it may appear in Scientific Reports, 2019, Thompson, R. S; Vargas, F; Dorrestein, P. C; Chichlowski, M; Berg, B. M; Fleshner, M.; Nature Publishing Group, 2019. The dissertation author was a primary investigator and author of this paper. Chapter 6, in full, has been submitted for publication of the material as it may appear in Sleep, 2019, Bowers, S. J; Vargas, F; Gonzalez, A; He, S; Jiang, P; Dorrestein, P. C; Knight, R; Wright, K. P; Lowry, C. A; Fleshner, M; Vitaerna, M. H; Turek, F. W.; Oxford University Press, 2019. The dissertation author was a primary investigator and author of this paper
Validation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition Assessment Methodologies in the Obese Pediatric Population
No full textRates of obesity (OB) are escalating among Canadian children and youth and the obesogenic environment is likely to cause further increases. An important aspect in providing clinical care to OB children is to have accurate assessment measures, particularly of their body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. This project entails three interrelated projects aiming to develop novel cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition measurement techniques for an OB pediatric population. The purpose of the first project was to validate a new submaximal fitness protocol specifically geared towards OB children and youth. The second objective of this thesis involved assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency utilizing the Oxygen Uptake efficiency slope. The purpose of the third project was to determine the validity of a half-body scan methodology for measuring body composition in obese children and youth. The goal of developing these novel measurement techniques is improved design and evaluation of interventions aimed at managing pediatric obesity
Implications of the Variability in Time to Isotopic Equilibrium in the Deuterium Dilution Technique
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate the variability in isotopic equilibrium time under field conditions, and the impact of this variability on estimates of total body water (TBW) and body composition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Following collection of a fasting baseline urine sample, 10 women and 10 men were dosed with deuterium oxide (0.05 g/kg body weight). Urine samples were collected every hour for 8 h. The samples were analysed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Time to equilibration was determined using three commonly employed data analysis approaches. RESULTS: Isotopic equilibrium was reached by 50, 80 and 100% of participants at 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively. The mean group equilibration determined using the three different plateau determination methods were 4.8+/-1.5, 3.8+/-0.8 and 4.9+/-1.4 h. Isotopic enrichment, TBW, and percent body fat estimates differed between early (3-5 h), but not later sampling times (5-8 h). CONCLUSION: Although the three different plateau determination approaches resulted in differences in equilibration time, all suggest that sampling at 6 h or later will decrease the likelihood of error in body composition estimates resultant from incomplete isotopic equilibration in a small proportion of individuals
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