268 research outputs found
Theoretical basis for at-many-stations hydraulic geometry
No full textCitation: Gleason, C. J., & Wang, J.(2015). Theoretical basis for at-many-stations hydraulic geometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(17), 7107-7114. doi:10.1002/2015gl064935At-many-stations hydraulic geometry (AMHG) is a recently discovered set of geomorphic relationships showing that the empirical parameters of at-a-station hydraulic geometry (AHG) are functionally related along a river. This empirical conclusion seemingly refutes previous decades of research defining AHG as spatially independent and site specific. Furthermore, AMHG was the centerpiece of an unprecedented recent methodology that successfully estimated river discharge solely from satellite imagery. Despite these important implications, AMHG has remained an empirical phenomenon without theoretical explanation. Here we provide the mathematical basis for AMHG, showing that it arises when independent AHG curves within a reach intersect near the same values of discharge and width, depth, or velocity. The strength of observed AMHG is determined by the degree of this convergence. Finally, we show that AMHG enables discharge estimation by defining a set of possible estimated discharges that often match true discharges and propose its future interpretation as a fluvial index
Write Like Hemingway: Find Your Voice, Discover Your Style: 10 Rules that Guided a Nobel Laureate
No full textExamines how Hemingway\u27s early career as a journalist at The Kansas City Star influenced his iconic prose style. Gleason\u27s close reading of works spanning Hemingway\u27s oeuvre, from the early Indian Camp and Up in Michigan to the later Across the River and into the Trees and The Old Man and the Sea, details the author\u27s lifelong adherence to the newspaper\u27s admonitions to write succinctly, forcefully, and vigorously. Focuses on the value of these lessons and others from the newspaper\u27s guide for aspiring writers in any discipline. Appendix reprints three of Hemingway\u27s Kansas City Star stories published between December 1917 and April 1918: Kerensky, The Fighting Flea, Battle of Raid Squads, and Six Men Become Tankers
Education and Social Media: Toward a Digital Future
No full textChristine Greenhow is Assistant Professor in the Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education at Michigan State University’s College of Education and former Fellow of the Information Society Project at Yale Law School.
Julia Sonnevend is Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of Michigan.
Colin Agur is Assistant Professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Minnesota–Twin Cities.How are widely popular social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram transforming how teachers teach, how kids learn, and the very foundations of education? What controversies surround the integration of social media in students’ lives? The past decade has brought increased access to new media, and with this new opportunities and challenges for education. In this book, leading scholars from education, law, communications, sociology, and cultural studies explore the digital transformation now taking place in a variety of educational contexts. The contributors examine such topics as social media usage in schools, online youth communities, and distance learning in developing countries; the disruption of existing educational models of how knowledge is created and shared; privacy; accreditation; and the tension between the new ease of sharing and copyright laws. Case studies examine teaching media in K–12 schools and at universities; tuition-free, open education powered by social media, as practiced by the University of the People; new financial models for higher education; the benefits and challenges of MOOCS (Massive Open Online Courses); social media and teacher education; and the civic and individual advantages of teens’ participatory play.
Contributors: Colin Agur, Jack M. Balkin, Valerie Belair-Gagnon, danah boyd, Nicholas Bramble, David Buckingham, Chris Dede, Benjamin Gleason, Christine Greenhow, Daniel J. H. Greenwood, Jiahang Li, Yite John Lu, Minhtuyen Mai, John Palfrey, Ri Pierce-Grove, Adam Poppe, Shai Reshef, Julia Sonnevend, Mark WarschauerGreenhow, Christine; Sonnevend, Julia; Agur, Colin. (2016). Education and Social Media: Toward a Digital Future. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/182411
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FUNDAMENTAL CONTROLS ON THE WATER CYCLE IN ARID ENVIRONMENTS: A MECHANISTIC FRAMEWORK FOR SPATIOTEMPORAL CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN HYDROCLIMATE AND GROUNDWATERS IN THE DRY ANDES
No full textThere remain many persistent uncertainties regarding fundamental aspects of natural water cycles in arid mountainous regions, the Dry Andes of South America represents one of the most extreme examples of these environments on the Planet. Deep water tables (>100 meters), long groundwater transit times and distances (>100 years, 10-100 kilometers), limited and infrequent rainfall, remote and difficult to access terrain, and complex salar/evaporite hydrogeology common in these environments make reliable monitoring of these hydrological systems particularly difficult. As a result, major gaps remain in our understanding of critical aspects of the water cycle such as recharge and evaporation rates, source and transport of major groundwater flow paths, and interactions between modern hydroclimate systems and old regional groundwater systems. A particular focus is the Salar de Atacama basin in Chile and its massive evaporite deposit, world-class lithium-brine, and unique saline lagoons but we also investigate many other endorheic basins across the adjacent plateau in Chile and Argentina. In this hyper arid-to-arid region, groundwater is a vital resource, sustaining both societies and ecosystems but the increasing development of fresh and saline groundwater for mineral extraction (particularly lithium and copper) along with the uncertain impacts of global climate change pose serious challenges to managing this water responsibly into the future. The chapters that follow describe our work to address these fundamental questions and improve our understanding of these complex hydrological systems and provide the knowledge and tools to better manage these vital resources. We utilize a variety of geochemical, hydrophysical, and remote sensing techniques to probe these systems and then integrate this understanding to constrain, quantify, and conceptually describe their various attributes. Key methods we have pioneered here include the measurement of the radioactive isotope of hydrogen tritium to assess the relative content of contemporary and relic waters. By collecting large datasets over several years covering a representative sample of water bodies within these basins and pairing these data with other geochemical tracers including δ18O, δ2H, and Cl- we have shown this to be a powerful tool to probe these questions in this data-poor region. The additional layer of satellite-based hydroclimatological assessment, hydrophysical measurements in the field, and conceptual and analytical models allow us to place critical constraints on fundamental controls on water cycles in these environments.GeosciencesDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
The urine biomarker PUR-4 is positively associated with the amount of Gleason 4 in human prostate cancers
No full textThe Prostate Urine Risk (PUR) biomarker is a four-group classifier for predicting outcome in patients prior to biopsy and for men on active surveillance. The four categories correspond to the probabilities of the presence of normal tissue (PUR-1), D’Amico low-risk (PUR-2), intermediate-risk (PUR-3), and high-risk (PUR-4) prostate cancer. In the current study we investigate how the PUR-4 status is linked to Gleason grade, prostate volume, and tumor volume as assessed from biopsy (n = 215) and prostatectomy (n = 9) samples. For biopsy data PUR-4 status alone was linked to Gleason Grade group (GG) (Spearman’s, ρ = 0.58, p < 0.001 trend). To assess the impact of tumor volume each GG was dichotomized into Small and Large volume cancers relative to median volume. For GG1 (Gleason Pattern 3 + 3) cancers volume had no impact on PUR-4 status. In contrast for GG2 (3 + 4) and GG3 (4 + 3) cancers PUR-4 levels increased in large volume cancers with statistical significance observed for GG2 (p = 0.005; Games-Howell). These data indicated that PUR-4 status is linked to the presence of Gleason Pattern 4. To test this observation tumor burden and Gleason Pattern were assessed in nine surgically removed and sectioned prostates allowing reconstruction of 3D maps. PUR-4 was not correlated with Gleason Pattern 3 amount, total tumor volume or prostate size. A strong correlation was observed between amount of Gleason Pattern 4 tumor and PUR-4 signature (r = 0.71, p = 0.034, Pearson’s). These observations shed light on the biological significance of the PUR biomarker and support its use as a non-invasive means of assessing the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer
Coral bleaching responses in Sodwana Bay, South Africa
No full textThis study assessed the bleaching response (BR) of coral colonies within the central reef complex in Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Bleach surveys were conducted at 16 sites on 8 reefs over the period of 2007 to 2013. A total of 12 858 coral colonies from 30 taxa were randomly sampled and colonies were placed into 7 categories of bleaching response. This allowed for the calculation of taxon-specific BR as a weighted percentage of coral cover bleached. Continuous temperature records from a permanent temperature gauge on Two Mile Reef were used to assess thermal stress over this period. The percentage of coral colonies that bleached in 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were 37.4%, 17.4%, 23.8%, 33.6% and 38.8% respectively. A binomial GLM model framework was used to separate the effects of year, reef and taxon on the bleaching response. Due to inconsistent sampling of sites over time, only data from the seven sites on Two Mile Reef (TMR) and the two sites on Nine Mile Reef (NMR) were included in the model. A total of 6758 coral colonies from the nine most abundantly sampled taxa were used in the assessment of bleaching response for TMR and NMR over the sample period. Taxon was shown to explain most of the variability in the bleaching response of TMR and NMR over time (40.9%). The standardized reef bleaching response of TMR and NMR indicated the same temporal trends with a range of 5% to 28% of live coral surface bleached. Standardized reef-specific BR showed periods of high (2007, 2012 and 2013) and low (2008 and 2011) bleaching response. Low BR in 2008 and 2011 did not correspond to thermal stress (≥27.5°C) suggesting that local upwelling buffered the effects of thermal stress experienced. Standardized taxon-specific bleaching response for TMR and NMR displayed large variability over time and ranged from 2.5% to 45% of live coral surface bleached, with Montipora being the most susceptible and Galaxea and Playgyra being the least. Mean site-specific BR averaged over all years, including all sites, found that Coscinaraea, Montipora, Astreopora and Anomastrea were the most susceptible taxa. This study and other recent studies draw attention to a trend of either episodic or an increasing frequency and intensity of bleaching in southern African reefs
A Review of Remote Sensing of Forest Biomass and Biofuel: Options for Small-Area Applications
No full textForests have served as a primary reservoir of terrestrial carbon and have long been investigated in the global climate change context. In addition, increased exposure in the public domain of climate change issues has caused greater interest in the role of forests in the global energy balance. Researchers have been investigating the use of forests as carbon sequestration systems, as well as using forest products for conversion into biofuels. Remote sensing has been widely utilized as a cost-effective tool to provide forest baseline data (e.g., biomass) for effective and efficient forest management. Forest biomass is one of the forest parameters that is widely investigated using remote sensing because biomass is directly related to the productivity of forests and provides valuable information that is necessary for understanding ecosystem functions and carbon cycling. In this paper, we review remote sensing of forest biomass, focusing on recent advances and applications (published after 2000). We also explore the challenges of using forest biomass as biofuel, a topic that is often neglected in remote sensing papers.close201
Ki-67 and outcome in clinically localised prostate cancer: analysis of conservatively treated prostate cancer patients from the Trans-Atlantic Prostate Group study.
No full textTreatment decisions after diagnosis of clinically localised prostate cancer are difficult due to variability in tumour behaviour. We therefore examined one of the most promising biomarkers in prostate cancer, Ki-67, in a cohort of 808 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1990 and 1996 and treated conservatively. Ki-67 expression was assessed immunohistochemically, in two laboratories, by two different scoring methods and the results compared with cancer-specific and overall survival. The power of the biomarker was compared with Gleason score and initial serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Both methods showed that Ki-67 provided additional prognostic information beyond that available from Gleason score and PSA: for the semi-quantitative method, Deltachi(2) (1 d.f.)=24.6 (P<0.0001), overall survival chi(2)=20.5 (P<0.0001), and for the quantitative method, Deltachi(2) (1 d.f.)=15.1 (P=0.0001), overall survival chi(2)=10.85 (P=0.001). Ki-67 is a powerful biomarker in localised prostate cancer and adds to a model predicting the need for radical or conservative therapy. As it is already in widespread use in routine pathology, it is confirmed as the most promising biomarker to be applied into routine practice
The Massachusetts calendar, or An almanac for the year of our Lord 1772 [electronic resource] : ... calculated for the meridian of Boston, New-England, latitude 42 degrees, 25 minutes north. ... By Philomathes.
No full textAttributed by Evans to Ezra Gleason, the author of the Massachusetts calendars for 1773 (printed by E. Russell) and 1774 (printed by Thomas). The preface, however, states that "this almanack .. is my first performance of this kind." Almanac authors sometimes published their first production anonymously, to test its acceptance.Advertised in the Massachusetts spy, Boston, Oct. 10, 1771.With a half-title. The half-title leaf has a cut on each side. The cut on verso (Reilly 1009) is a wood engraving after Paul Revere's print of the Boston Massacre and is attributed to Revere by Brigham.Two states of gathering B noted, the calculations for Apr. 26-30 and for Aug. 8-13 having been altered.Two states of gathering D noted. In one, p. [32] has advertisements of Isaiah Thomas and John Langdon; in the other, advertisements of Isaiah Thomas and Andrew Barclay.Signatures: [A]p4s B-Dp4s. - SEE RLA's NOTES IN CARD CATALOGUE ON VARIATIONS AMONG COPIES. DEVELOP NOTES ON VARIANT STATESEvans,Drake, M. Almanacs,Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library
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