610 research outputs found
Paediatric Nutrition
No full textFood and nutrition has been central to human culture, philosophy and science since the beginning of civilisation. However the building blocks of food and nutrition, the nutrients, remained unknown until the late 19th century. Over the next 100 years advances in physics, chemistry and physiology led to rapid developments in our knowledge, first with development of an understanding of energy and the macronutrients, followed by the minerals and vitamins. The first vitamins to be explored scientifically were thiamine, vitamin D and C and in 1935 ascorbic acid was synthesised, beginning the 20th century rapid development of knowledge of nutrients[1]
The life and work of James Jepson Binns
No full textThis thesis is the first study of the life and work of Leeds organ builder James Jepson
Binns (1854-1929). It is not the intention to provide a full technological evaluation
of Binns' work, but rather to provide a historical evaluation of his work which is
placed into a wider historical context.
First, Binns' family background and life are examined; then his career in organ
building is traced from its beginnings as an apprentice to the firm Radcliffe and
Sagar at the age of 11. His time with Abbott and Co., prior to commencing organ
building in his own right, is assessed; and finally the origins and development of his
own company is traced from its founding in 1880 up to his death in 1929.
The examination of Binns' company is split into three distinct periods, mirroring its
rise and decline. Since Binns' first ledger book is considered to be lost, the author
has reconstructed what it is likely to have contained and has discussed its content
chronologically. The patents granted to Binns are also discussed chronologically and
placed into historical context. A survey of the company's work and output in each of
the three periods is given, with examples drawn from the surviving ledger books.
The decline of the company was partly as a result of the Great War and is given due
consideration.
Through this study of Binns' life and work, a picture emerges of the British organ
building industry from 1880 to 1930. In conclusion, an assessment is made of Binns'
place within this and the factors that contributed to his success
A gypsy bibliography a bibliography of all recent books, pamphlets, articles, broadsheeets, theses and diss. pertaining to gypsies and other travellers that the author is aware of at the time of print.
No full textJustifying patents: a critique of the deontological approach
No full textThis thesis assesses philosophical arguments in favour of patent systems. These come in both consequentialist and deontological forms, the latter of which are the focus of this analysis. One kind of deontological argument is based on the concept of desert. I argue that on any plausible conception of desert, the patent system fails to distribute rewards as well as viable alternative systems could. The other kind of deontological argument claims that inventors are entitled to patent rights over their inventions as an extension of their natural rights, drawing on a Lockean account of the conditions of legitimate appropriation of unowned goods. After a discussion of the metaphysics of invention, and of the nature of the commons, I argue that Locke's conditions are not in fact always trivially satisfied in the case of patents. Furthermore, entitlement-based arguments conclude that because new inventions are unowned, claiming property rights in them involves only the same moral considerations that would apply in the state of nature. I argue that because we are not in the state of nature, pre-existing property rights also need to be taken into account, which conflict with patents. The broad conclusion of this thesis is that none of the plausible deontological arguments for patent systems are sound. The implication is that any justification of must therefore be made in consequentialist terms; this ultimately rests on strong empirical evidence rather than normative arguments alone
A gypsy bibliography a bibliography of all recent books, pamphlets, articles, broadsheeets, theses and diss. pertaining to gypsies and other travellers that the author is aware of at the time of print.
No full textA gypsy bibliography a bibliography of all recent books, pamphlets, articles, broadsheeets, theses and diss. pertaining to gypsies and other travellers that the author is aware of at the time of print.
No full textBreastfeeding Following Caesarean Section in Zhejiang Province: Public Health Implications
No full textBetel chewing and public health
No full textThe use of betel as a recreational drug is a common practice in Asia and among immigrant communities around the world. Betel quid is a mixture of areca nut, betel leaf, slaked lime (aqueous
calcium hydroxide paste), and, in some countries, also includes tobacco. There are several different
varieties of betel quid, including kheni (tobacco with lime), mawa (mixture of areca nut, tobacco and slaked lime), pan masala plain (areca nut, catechu, lime, cardamom, and unspecified flavoring agents), and pan masala with tobacco (gutkha).1 Betel quid is chewed for the main psychoactive ingredient arecoline extracted from the areca nut.2 Arecoline a, parasympathomimetic tertiary amine, is known to stimulate the central nervous system causing euphoric effects and feelings of heightened alertness. There is a well-established association between betel quid use and severe oral disorders, including oral submucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and periodontal disease.1,3-5 It has also been suggested that the deleterious effects of betel quid could extend beyond the oral cavity.6,7. Despite the known harmful effects of betel quid chewing, it remains a socially accepted practice in many societies and its use is popular among women, including pregnant women, and adolescents
Lifestyle and health in the Asia Pacific region
No full textThis issue of the journal brings an emphasis on lifestyle and public health. As it becomes available,
the United Nations System will be preparing for the meeting on chronic disease to be held in September. The balance of public health in our region has tipped in this millennium from a focus on infection to an emphasis on noncommunicable disease. Although the burden of infectious disease and malnutrition remains, most preventable death and disability in our region is now due to chronic disease. Lifestyle has become a major focus of public health. This has been defined for the public health community by Prof John Last1 as The behaviour pattern, customs, and habits of persons or groups, generally considered in the context of consequences for health, and including nature and amount of exercise, dietary habits, and use of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, tea, stimulant and sedative substances (licit or illicit), and recreational time. This definition implies that public health actions must include both personal and group (population) strategies to move the way that we live to a healthier trajectory. There needs to be more emphasis on making the environment conducive to a healthy lifestyle. Swinburn and de Silva-Sanigorski2 and Swinburn3 have written at length about the obeseogenic environment that modern Western societies have created that makes obesity almost inevitable. These Western lifestyle and environmental influences are expanding into many parts of the Asian Pacific region. Every new Western-style fast food store in the region creates more obesity and more diabetes. This is to be regretted. Research has shown that many traditional approaches to diet and lifestyle remain the healthiest. For example, the replacement of the traditional teashop with sugar-laden beverages is not in the interest of public health
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