1,374,384 research outputs found
Coca. Una mirada integral.
No full text"La Delegación de la Unión Europea en Bolivia, por intermedio de su programa de Apoyo a la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Integral con Coca, ofrece al público nacional e internacional esta compilación de artículos e investigaciones sobre los diversos aspectos de la hoja de coca en Bolivia, ordenados en 5 tomos.
Heterogeneous Motivations of Household - Level Coca Growing Areas: The Case of an Indigenous Community in Peru
No full textThere is a great deal of heterogeneity among coca growers in Peru, a fact that the national organizations and international co-operation have recognized, but has not been able to address property in anti-drug policy design. In this paper, we investigate the joint decision to grow coca and the decision of the quantity of coca bushes to cultivate, first under a homogeneity assumption, and then relaxing this assumption to allow for heterogeneity. Our research results support the notion of coca grower heterogeneity, identify the differences between groups of coca growers, and suggest different anti-drug policies, based on their effects in each group. --coca,heterogenous,latent class,cragg model,Peru
Estimating the causal effect of forced eradication on coca cultivation in Colombian municipalities
No full textCoca eradication has been aggressively pursued by the Colombian government to reduce the amount of land that agricultural households in the Andean country devote to this illegal crop. However, little work has been done to assess the causal effect of the policy on land allocation decisions. I use a six year panel of observations covering the entire country for the years 2001-2006 to estimate this effect at the municipality level, exploiting exogenous sources of variation in eradication and taking an IV approach to estimation. The instruments are derived from changes in the expected cost of coca eradication as crews get far from the zone where Antinarcotics Police helicopters can protect them from the illegal armed groups that try to shoot them down. IV estimation shows that the causal effect of a one percent increase in eradication is slightly less than a one percent increase in coca cultivation.Agricultural Development; Coca; Cocaine; Colombia; Illegal Crops; crime
Migration and risk: an empirical application to the coca economy in Peru
No full textThis paper studies the growth of the Peruvian illegal coca economy as a result of the migratory process. The paper describes peasant attitudes towards migration as a portfolio decision making process, where peasants allocate labor to the coca fields or the urban sector according to relative earnings and risk structure. The empirical estimation, using data on wages and risk factors (i.e. political violence) for the coca region and Lima, shows that migration to the coca sector is an economically rational decision. using log-linear and non-linear specifications, it is shown that wage differentials and political violence in the coca region and the urban sector are significant in affecting migration to the coca sector. Unemployment in the urban sector shows an inconclusive effect. The variables used, although they seem to have non-stationary properties, are cointegrated and therefore validate standard inference procedures. A simple test of stability of the parameters shows that they do not change significantly through time
Inauguració i presentació de Jordi Coca a les Lliçons de la Càtedra
No full textInauguració i presentació de les Lliçons de la Càtedra dedicades a Jordi Coca a càrrec de Glòria Granell de l'Escola Municipal d'Humanitats de la Mercè, Mariàngela Vilallonga, directora de la Càtedra de Patrimoni Literari Maria Àngels Anglada- Carles Fages de Climent i Jörg Zimmer, vicerector en funcions de Política Internacional de la UdG4940.mp4
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A GEOGRAPHY OF ILLICIT CROPS (COCA LEAF) AND ARMED CONFLICT IN COLOMBIA
No full textColombia is currently the world´s largest producer of coca leaf and the principal producer of opium poppies in the Americas; the plants are the basic raw materials used to produce cocaine and heroin. This document will analyse the current relationship between these crops and illegal armed groups in Colombia, using the hypothesis that the geographical intensification of the conflict is the principal cause of expanding illicit crop production. This relationship was analysed using a theoretic model, in which an interaction between illegal armed activity and strategic territorial control lead to cocaine production. Spatial analysis techniques were then applied, especially spatial association indicators; and a clear spatial dynamic was observed, related to the two aspects mentioned above. Non parametric exercises were also carried out using matching estimators, to determine the effect illegal armed groups have on coca crops, and also to analyse the efficiency of aerial eradication policies. The results suggest that a large percentage of coca production in Colombia is due to the effects of illegal armed activity. We therefore conclude that the expansion of illegal crop growing is a consequence of the expanding conflict. In contrast, coca crops can only be used to explain a small part of the armed conflict in Colombia. In addition, we found that crop eradication via aerial spraying has not been an efficient tool in the fight against coca production in the country.Illicit crops
The Divide of the Coca Leaf: National Culture and the Drug Policies of Bolivia and the United States
No full textWhile the United States and Bolivian cultures have different values, attitudes and norms, these differences have not been a major factor in determining the aid Bolivia receives from the United States (US). Now, President Morales, a former union leader for coca leaf growers, has refused to comply with US foreign policy to eradicate the coca leaf, creating political and cultural tension. This paper examines the US and Bolivian relationship as a case study through Schein’s organizational cultural theory and Adler’s culture theory to determine how Bolivia’s battle to save the coca leaf may affect the aid it receives from the US government and nonprofits
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COCA ERADICATION POLICY IN COLOMBIA
No full textWe estimate an econometric model of coca production in Colombia. Our results indicate that coca eradication is an ineffective means of supply control as farmers compensate by cultivating the crop more extensively. The evidence further suggests that incentives to produce legal substitute crops may have greater supply-reducing potential than eradication.Political Economy,
Segona lliçó: Set anys de dubtes (1971-1978): les novel·les, l'experiència escènica i el cinema. D'Albert Camus a Pina Bausch, passant per Michelangelo Antonioni
No full textSegona lliçó a càrrec de l'escriptor, professor i director de teatre Jordi Coca, sobre diferents qüestions que es va plantejar al llarg dels anys 1971 a 1978 en relació la literatura, l'experiència escènica i el cinema4942.mp4
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Explicit Evidence on an Implicit Contract
No full textWe offer the first direct evidence of an implicit contract in a goods market. The evidence we offer comes from the market for Coca-Cola. We demonstrate that the Coca-Cola Company left a substantial amount of written evidence of its implicit contract with its consumers—a very explicit form of an implicit contract. In general, observing implicit contracts directly is difficult because of their implicit nature. In the case of Coca-Cola, however, we are able to document the Company not only saying that it had an important implicit contract with its consumers, but also acting on it. This study makes an additional and unique contribution by exploring quality as a margin of adjustment available to Coca-Cola. We present evidence that the implicit contract included a promise not only of a constant nominal price but also a constant quality. We document the dedication to a 6.5oz serving of the "Secret Formula." Indeed, during a period of over 70 years, we find evidence of only a single case of true quality change. By studying the margin of adjustment the Coca-Cola Company chose in response to changes in market conditions, we demonstrate that the perceived costs of breaking the implicit contract were large. In addition, we are able to offer one piece of direct evidence on the magnitude of these costs by studying the events surrounding the failed introduction of the New Coke in 1985.Implicit Contract, Explicit Contract, Invisible Handshake, Customer Market, Long-Term Relationship, Price Rigidity, Coca-Cola, Nickel Coke
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