278 research outputs found
Field metabolic rates of wild marine fishes: reviewing old questions with new data
No full textTime integrated Field Metabolic Rate (FMR) is arguably the most ecologically relevant measure of the energetics of wild animals, but the relative complexity of determining FMR routinely means that we have relatively few large datasets describing variation in energy use in free-living wild animals, particularly for aquatic ectotherms where double labelled water methods cannot be used. Emerging proxies based on stable isotope systematics associated with respiration allow retrospective estimation of time integrated field metabolic rate, experienced temperature and growth in any free living marine teleost fish. We have estimated FMR in over 1000 individual fish, across nearly 100 species. Here we draw on our data compilation to explore predictions for two contentious topics in fish ecophysiology: (1) Metabolic cold adaptation: We show that polar species have higher FMR than temperate but not tropical species at equivalent body sizes and temperatures, and that, within species, populations at the cold edge of the range express higher FMR but lower growth rates than populations at the warm edge of the species range. (2) Gill oxygen limitation theory: FMR data covering 4 orders of magnitude body size within single species show no strong evidence for reduction in metabolic capacity at large body sizes as predicted by the GOLT
The Hunt For Aquaman - Clive Trueman, Katie St. John Glew, And Juliet Wilson
No full textHow can Batman use isotopes to geolocate the origin of fish being deposited in a remote fishing village by Steppenwolf? Find out on this week's episode!We're joined by Clive Trueman, Katie St. John Glew, and Juliet Wilson who are all based within the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton. Clive is an Associate Professor in Marine Ecology and Katie and Juliet are postgraduate research students at the centre.You can find out more about their research on Twitter at twitter.com/OceanEarthUoS.__________________Impact Moderato by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-fre…isrc=USUAN1100618Artist: incompetech.com/Cool Vibes - Film Noire by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-fre…isrc=USUAN1100863Artist: incompetech.com/Mechanolith by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-fre…isrc=USUAN1100879Artist: incompetech.com/</div
Baleen stable isotope data
No full textThis dataset contains d13C and d15N stable isotope data from northern hemisphere rorqual whale (Balaenoptera) baleen taken from our collections. This includes data from the baleen of the Hintze Hall blue whale. The data has been used in various research papers. Additional data allow the analyses in these papers to be carried out and mostly encompass environmental datasets or the outputs of various simulation models. **Note that if trying to link these data to analyses in GitHub, an update to this site has changed all "." in column headers to "_". These will need to be changed before the code will work. Apologies.**</span
Chemical taphonomy of biomineralized tissues
No full textBiomineralized tissues are chemically altered after death, and this diagenetic alteration can obscure original biological chemical features or provide new chemical information about the depositional environment. To use the chemistry of fossil biominerals to reconstruct biological, environmental or taphonomic information, a solid appreciation of biomineralization, mineral diagenesis and biomineral–water interaction is needed. Here, I summarize the key recent developments in the fields of biomineralization and post-mortem trace element exchange that have significant implications for our understanding of the diagenetic behaviour of biominerals and the ways in which biomineral chemistry can be used in palaeontological and taphonomic research
Dataset: Otolith-derived field metabolic rates (C_resp values), experience temperatures and stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O)
No full textThis dataset supports the Southampton Doctoral thesis entitled Macroecological study of otolith-derived field metabolic rates of marine fishes by Sarah R. Alewijnse
Otolith-derived field metabolic rates, reported as C_resp values; the proportion of metabolic carbon in a fishes blood (see Chung et al. 2019 Mar. Freshw. Res.), and otolith-derived experienced temperatures in degrees Celcius.
Also included are the δ13C and δ18O used to derive C_resp values and experienced temperature.
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Data from: Trophic interactions of fish communities at midwater depths enhance long-term carbon storage and benthic production on continental slopes
No full textBiological transfer of nutrients and materials between linked ecosystems influences global carbon budgets and ecosystem structure and function. Identifying the organisms or functional groups that are responsible for nutrient transfer, and quantifying their influence on ecosystem structure and carbon capture is an essential step for informed management of ecosystems in physically distant, but ecologically linked areas. Here, we combine natural abundance stable isotope tracers and survey data to show that mid-water and bentho-pelagic-feeding demersal fishes play an important role in the ocean carbon cycle, bypassing the detrital particle flux and transferring carbon to deep long-term storage. Global peaks in biomass and diversity of fishes at mid-slope depths are explained by competitive release of the demersal fish predators of mid-water organisms, which in turn support benthic fish production. Over 50% of the biomass of the demersal fish community at depths between 500 and 1800 m is supported by biological rather than detrital nutrient flux processes, and we estimate that bentho-pelagic fishes from the UK–Irish continental slope capture and store a volume of carbon equivalent to over 1 million tonnes of CO2 every year.,Trueman 2014 Fish Isotope dataStable isotope data (d13C PDB and d15N air) from white muscle tissue of fishes caught by demersal trawl on the Rockall trough. Associated data are: Species name, feeding type (benthic or benthopelagic), capture (trawl) depth in meters and fish mass in grammes</span
Why do crystallinity values fail to predict the extent of diagenetic alteration of bone mineral?
No full textSpectroscopic indicators of bone crystallinity such as the infrared splitting factor (IRSF) are commonly used to determine the general state of preservation of ancient bone. In principle such indices might be expected to act as a proxy for alteration of bone mineral and thus could be used to screen bones (or portions of bones) for likely preservation of in vivo biogenic trace element and stable isotope signals. We tested the relationship between IRSF and bone mineral composition in two suites of well-characterised recent and Pleistocene bones. Initially, crystallinity change and trace element uptake are correlated, apparently both controlled by decomposition of the organic phase and exposure of bone crystal surfaces. This relationship breaks down in older bones where authigenic phosphate growth and mineral–pore water interactions are no longer rate-limited by the breakdown of collagen and exposure of crystal surfaces. In these conditions the extent of chemical alteration of bone will be controlled by site specific conditions, and thus while FTIR spectra of bone provide a broad indication of organic content and apatite recrystallisation, they are not reliable proxies for the degree of diagenetic alteration in terms of biogenic geochemical signals.<br/
Traceability of the Norway Lobster nephrops norvegicus in UK Shelf Seas: A stable isotope approach
No full textEnsuring sustainability of the world fisheries is a key conservation and economic objective. Traceability of seafood from the final sale back to the point of harvest is an important aspect, supporting both fishery management and consumer protection. Stable isotope–based geolocation can be applied to trace the spatial origin of seafood, drawing on comparisons between the isotopic compositions of the product and those of a reference dataset from known spatial locations. This study tests the extent to which stable isotope–based geolocation can be applied to identify catch location of the Norwegian lobster Nephrops norvegicus. Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isoscapes across UK shelf seas are used as the reference dataset and test the accuracy of assignment estimates using a variety of bivariate and multivariate stable isotope geolocation approaches. Two alternative Bayesian inversions, one balanced and one weighted, are applied to the outcomes of the statistical models to determine the most accurate methods of assignment. Of all the methods trialed, the multivariate approach using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isoscape data produced the most accurate assignments, with c. 60% of samples from each site correctly assigned among six possible fishery origins. Weighted Bayesian approaches resulted in more correct assignments to highly fished sites, but at a cost of reduced correct assignments to sites of low fishing activity. Processed Nephrops samples obtained from supermarkets were assigned to potential fishery location, with results indicating the majority were captured in the west of Scotland. The isoscape methods explored can be calibrated to any marine feeding organism and provide a useful tool for more efficient management of marine stocks
Protracted diagenetic alteration of REE contents in fossil bioapatites: Direct evidence from Lu–Hf isotope systematics
No full textTrace element geochemistry of bonebeds
No full textThe geochemistry of bones within bonebeds can be used to infer aspects of burial history, post burial movement, and paleoenviornmental conditions. To use chemical methods, however, it is important to understand the mechanisms and rates of fossilisation of bone and incorporation of trace elements. This chapter reviews the current opinions concerning the nature of fossilisation, discusses (with reference to published case studies) the ways that trace element chemistry can be used to study bonebeds and provides a brief guide to the analysis of fossil bones
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