196,644 research outputs found
Margaret Clinch
No full textMargaret came to Australia from England with her family, as a child. In 1972, she was attracted to Darwin to the huge professional challenge of Foundation Librarian of the Darwin Community College. This was planned to become a unique multilevel post secondary education institution, for all of the NT. Working with the very few other qualified librarians, like Thea Smitz, head of the Nascent Territory Library Service, she broke new ground.
She remained with the university until 1993. In this time, she added to her academic qualifications, including a year in Canada. She was also active in the Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA), Historical Society of the NT, Quota International of Darwin, the Australian Society of Archivists, the Museums Association, and some important special purpose committees.
Soon afterwards, with the help of Rob Wesley Smith, she established PLan: the Planning Action Network Inc, an important peoples' organization working for balance in planning and development, as the NT grows. Communities should be sustainable in terms of social, cultural, environmental and long term economic implications. They should be livable, and in harmony with climate change. In 2011 this was still a busy active organization, with having fought hard for many campaigns, after more than 15 years, and has a shopfront.
Margaret's interest in NT history and heritage continues, with a list of publications. She has more recently become active in Animal wellbeing issues locally, interstate and overseas. Margaret other interests include: Library, museums and archives collections and services, History and heritage, balanced community planning, animal wellbeing, and current events.
Some significant events for her are, being a member of the first NT Statehood Convention in 1998, participating in the World War II Museum Advisory Committee, and recognition for community involvement, in the form of a Tribute from the NT Government on the Anniversary of 100 Years of International Women's Day on 8th March, 2011. [source: Margaret Clinch]LibrarianArchivis
Fragmentation and Genetic Diversity in Clinch Dace Populations
No full textIn 1999 Clinch Dace, Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori, was discovered in the Tennessee drainage of Virginia. Subsequent sampling of southwest Virginia and portions of Tennessee indicated that Clinch Dace populations are small, fragmented, and of questionable viability. Further, riparian land use and mining pose significant threats to critical habitat. As such, Clinch Dace were listed as a Federal Species of Concern and on Virginia’s Wildlife Action Plan as Tier I - Critical Conservation Need. A management plan and species description for Clinch Dace is of utmost importance, but data on distribution and life history are needed before these objectives can be realized.
The objectives of this study were to: 1) Monitor known populations of Clinch Dace to characterize at fine-scale distribution and status. The latter will be addressed in terms of relative abundance. 2) Analyze distribution data using geographic information systems and other approaches to identify habitat and landscape features that isolate Clinch Dace and associated fish populations, 3) Map stream crossings and assess likely barriers to upstream passage and measurements of specific conductance, 4) Screen molecular genetic markers in order to define demographic and any evolutionarily significant units for the species. Molecular genetic variation will be screened at nuclear microsatellite loci to assess levels of molecular genetic variability and population-level differentiation. We will examine the effect of geographic distance on genetic differentiation (Botta et al. 2015). Habitat use will be compared to assess whether genetic differentiation relates to any observed differences in adaptive characters among populations. 5) Use these findings to define demographic and evolutionarily significant units for the species and work toward estimating effective population size and protocols for translocating individuals. We sampled 29 reaches on ten streams for fish with a three-pass depletion method and measured eight habitat variables which might inform conservation actions. We also conducted statistical analyses on six habitat and fish community variables to determine whether habitat rather than fragmentation was influencing Clinch Dace presence and abundance.
We conclude that seven Clinch Dace populations vary in their degree of isolation, with some populations showing signs of recent admixture and others not. Populations with the least admixture, such as Hurricane Fork and Hart Creek in Russell County, may represent distinct management units. However, they are also among the largest populations found in 2017 and may therefore be the best candidates for donor population for translocations. The effects of road crossings in our study area was minimal and most crossings were not obvious barriers to fish passage. Instream habitat metrics that we measured also seemed to have little effect on Clinch Dace presence and abundance.
We recommend that further management actions be taken with an adaptive management approach, as it is not clear from our results that translocations should be ruled out, but rather undertaken initially as a pilot study with follow-up monitoring to determine whether outbreeding depression is taking place as a result of moving locally adapted fish. Stream restoration activities may not be warranted, as the Clinch Dace shows some resilience to habitat degradation, such as sedimentation and lack of woody debris. We only found one culvert on Hart Creek which could be considered for a retrofit and that does seem to be acting as a barrier to Clinch Dace movement. Further research could measure temporal changes in abundance and characterize the relationship between population size and extinction risk and identify minimum viable population thresholds. Further monitoring should include the seven populations characterized as well as nine streams (Hess, Indian, Laurel, Left Fork Coal, Mudlick, Pine, Town Hill, and West Fork Big Creeks).Published versio
Distribution and Population Characterization of Clinch Dace (Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori) in the Upper Clinch River System, Virginia
No full textThe Clinch Dace Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori is a species of minnow known from only two counties in Virginia. Prior surveys established the species' presence in just eight tributaries to the upper Clinch River. A management plan, which should include both population monitoring and habitat restoration, is still lacking for the species. Population monitoring must balance high detection probability with low risk of injury to captured individuals. I sampled 98 sites in 2014 and 2015 within the putative range of Clinch Dace to refine estimates of its distribution. I sampled 70 of the 98 sites with multiple gears and replication in an occupancy modeling framework. Clinch Dace occupied low-gradient headwater streams with relatively low conductivity in forested watersheds. My surveys uncovered two new tributaries occupied by Clinch Dace, and I was unable to find Clinch Dace in two historically occupied streams. Species detection probability was higher with backpack electrofishing than minnow trapping. N-mixture models suggest that Clinch Dace are more abundant in watersheds with high forest cover although forest cover is highly correlated spatially in the nested stream network. Density estimates from mark-recapture sampling suggest that Clinch Dace occur at low densities in approximately 31.5 km of headwater streams. The mean estimate of global population size was 6,706 individuals. Some populations could be affected by low genetic diversity. I conclude by developing a prioritization framework for restoration and protection of 15 candidate conservation areas. Managers should work with private landowners to implement best management practices in high priority watersheds.Master of Scienc
Population Fragmentation and Genetic Diversity of Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori (Clinch Dace)
No full textClinch Dace (Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori) is a newly recognized species of minnow with a restricted distribution in southwestern Virginia. Field sampling and genetic analysis support the hypothesis that Clinch Dace populations are small and fragmented. Analysis of neutral genetic markers shows that most Clinch Dace populations have undergone past bottleneck events and are being operated upon by random genetic drift. Bayesian cluster analysis showed that three out of the seven populations found in 2017 are distinct, while the other four show signs of more recent admixture. However, Fst values among streams were high and analysis of molecular variance indicated differentiation among populations in all streams. These findings support the view that these populations are genetically isolated. Effective populations sizes were low at most sites, enhancing the likelihood of loss of alleles to genetic drift. Low M-ratios, non-zero Fis values, and high degrees of relatedness among individuals indicate that some inbreeding is taking place. Habitat analysis did not identify variables affecting distribution or abundance of Clinch Dace populations. As the collection sites were targeted near known Clinch Dace occupied sites, it is likely that habitat variables known to impact Clinch Dace, such as conductivity, were within the species' range of tolerance. Results showed that Clinch Dace seem particularly resilient to sedimentation, corroborating earlier work showing a negative relationship between Clinch Dace abundance to sediment size. That is, small sediment size does not seem to have a negative impact on Clinch Dace abundance. Of all sites where Clinch Dace were found, only one culvert at one site was clearly perched and may present a barrier to upstream migration, a possibility which is supported by the genetic differentiation found among collections above and below that culvert. While this study demonstrates that selectively neutral genetic differentiation has taken place among Clinch Dace populations, it does address any local adaptation that may be taking place which would render translocations a risk for outbreeding depression. The findings of this study can inform conservation management in identifying possible sources of individuals for translocations among populations or for augmentation following captive breeding.Master of ScienceThe Clinch Dace is a small, threatened minnow in the Clinch River basin that was unknown until 1999. Since then, research has addressed the biology, life history, and distribution of this fish. This study used data from selectively neutral genetic markers to analyze the population structure and degree of differentiation of Clinch Dace populations. My study sites were targeted at road crossings near known Clinch Dace populations to assess the effect of habitat fragmentation on Clinch Dace populations and to maximize the likelihood that I would collect enough genetic material for analysis. Genetic analyses showed that while there is some admixture among certain populations of Clinch Dace, there is differentiation at neutral genetic markers. This differentiation does not necessarily indicate adaptive variation among populations which could result in outbreeding depression should populations be mixed through translocations, but it is reason to proceed with caution. Road crossings were generally not found to be a cause of further population fragmentation in Clinch Dace, as demonstrated by genetic analysis and statistical analysis. Almost all of the occupied road crossing sites in this study were either embedded, free-flowing culverts that were not perched or small bridges, and these were not deemed to be obvious barriers to fish movement. The only exception was Hart Creek 2, where the culvert is slightly perched and Fst is high between populations in the upstream and downstream reaches. The results of this study will help to inform managers as to what conservation actions can be taken to improve population viability. One potential management action from this study could be the retrofitting of culverts that have become perched and are acting as barriers to Clinch Dace movement. Another potential conservation strategy is to translocate individuals from large population to small populations. The study determined: 1) which translocations might be acceptable based on the degree of genetic differentiation among populations, and 2) identified potential donor and receiving streams for translocations
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Clinch River remedial investigation task 9 -- benthic macroinvertebrates
No full textThis report summarizes the results of Task 9 of the TVA/Department of Energy (DOE) Interagency Agreement supporting DOE`s Clinch River Remedial Investigation. Species lists and densities (numbers/m{sup 2}) of benthic macroinvertebrates sampled at 16 sites in the Clinch River and Poplar Creek embayments of upper Watts Bar Reservoir near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, in March, 1994, are presented and briefly discussed. Data are also analyzed to assess and compare quality of benthic communities at each site, according to methods developed for TVA`s Reservoir Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Results of this study will be incorporated with other program tasks in a comprehensive report prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1995, which will, in part, assess the effect of sediment contaminants on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Watts Bar Reservoir
Occupancy and Detection of Clinch Dace Using Two Gear Types
No full textAbstract
The Clinch Dace Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori, discovered in 1999, is an undescribed headwater fish species of global conservation concern with a limited distribution in two counties in southwest Virginia. Highly efficient sampling gears are key to monitoring headwater fish assemblages in Appalachia, including those containing Clinch Dace. Additional information is needed regarding the habitat requirements of the species to understand responses to future mining and logging activities in the region. An occupancy modeling framework is useful to account for incomplete detection, with multiple sampling gears in presence–absence surveys for cryptic or rare species. We detected Clinch Dace at 13 of 70 sites. Occupancy corrected for imperfect detection probability did not differ from naïve occupancy estimates and was 0.19. Clinch Dace occurred in streams with higher substrate embeddedness and catchment forest cover. Backpack electrofishing had a 55% higher probability of detecting Clinch Dace in a 50-m subreach than minnow traps. Appropriate management actions for this species may focus on preserving forested cover in occupied watersheds and monitoring the future impact of surface mining activities that increase total dissolved solids. Sampling protocols for the imperiled Clinch Dace can incorporate both gears and adjust sampling effort to maximize species detection in specific habitats and with specific research goals.</jats:p
Bygone Surrey.
No full textHistoric Surrey. By G. Clinch.--A glance at primitive Surrey. By F. Lasham.--Lambeth Palace. By Rev. J. Cave-Browne.--The dialect of Surrey. By G. Leveson-Gower.--Ancient roads and ways. By H. F. Napper.--Folk-lore and local customs. By G. Clinch.--Southwark in the olden time. By Mrs. E. Boger.--Mediæval Croydon. By S. W. Kershaw.--Wanborough. By Lady West.--Battersea and Clapham, By P. M. Thornton.--Nonsuch. By S. W. Kershaw.--Notes on Guilford. By F. Lasham.--A forgotten borough. By G. Clinch--Early Surrey industries. By G. Clinch.--Bygone Merton. By Rev. E. A. Kempson.Mode of access: Internet
Conservation Genetics of Clinch Dace Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori
No full textClinch Dace (Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori) is a newly recognized and yet-undescribed species of minnow with a restricted and fragmented distribution in the upper Tennessee River basin in southwestern Virginia, USA. We collected Clinch Dace from seven streams and observed variations at nine selectively neutral microsatellite DNA loci to infer population genetic processes and identify units for conservation management. Bayesian cluster analysis showed that three of the seven surveyed populations were genetically distinct, while the other four populations showed signs of recent admixture. Estimated effective population sizes and m-ratios were low within most populations, suggesting loss of alleles due to recent genetic drift. Positive FIS values, high average individual inbreeding coefficients, and high degrees of inferred relatedness among individuals suggested that inbreeding is taking place in some populations. FST values were high, and analysis of molecular variance indicated genetic divergence among populations. These indicators suggest that Clinch Dace populations are subject to the genetic processes that are characteristic of small and isolated populations.Published versio
Environmental and wider economic implications of modifications to environmental tax reform
No full textThe most common definition of Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) is the use of the revenue from environmental taxes to reduce distortionary labour taxes. However, the PETRAS project has shown that there are a number of social and political impediments to implementing such reform. This paper
firstly outlines some of the environmental and economic implications of environmental taxes generally. It goes on to explore three broad approaches to ETR, based on the allocation of the tax revenues, and explores the environmental and economic implications of each approach and the likelihood of political and social acceptance. Particular attention is paid to ameliorating regressive impacts and impacts on competitiveness. It is concluded that some combination of hypothecating a proportion ofrevenues to environmental projects and diverting rest to reduce labour taxes is probably the best approach in light of the results of the project. The balance should depend upon local labour market and macroeconomic conditions, the extent to which environmental projects are already funded and the extent of government failure. Funding should only provided to environmental projects if it can be shown that, in themselves, they are economically efficient. In addition, it is most important that a proportion of the funds be used to ameliorate any regressive impacts. It is also important to bear in mind that hypothecation or recycling of revenue is not the same as a tax shift, which is a reform of the entire system, so some of these approaches may take away from the integrity of ETR. The paper concludes with some of the initiatives that are likely to be necessary to facilitate social and political acceptance of this approach to ETR
Multi-metric Conservation Assessment for the Imperiled Clinch Dace
No full textPlanning frameworks allow managers to spatially prioritize actions to promote species conservation. Traditional aquatic conservation planning frameworks are often organized at the ecological community or ecosystem level, which often neglect imperiled taxa occupying species-poor assemblages. In this study, we develop a multi-metric conservation assessment for the 15 geographically distinct candidate conservation areas (CCAs) occupied by the imperiled Clinch Dace (Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori). Clinch Dace habitat is threatened by anthropogenic landscape alterations, especially for coal mining and timber harvest. Our framework used four metrics to assess the conservation value of each subpopulation of Clinch Dace namely: “habitat condition”, “viability”, conservation “opportunity” and conservation “feasibility”. Occupancy models were used to determine the most influential habitat variables to Clinch Dace presence and habitat data collected for each occupied stream were used to score habitat condition in each CCA. Clinch Dace survey data were used to assess demographic population viability to highlight areas where Clinch Dace are most likely to persist. Next, we used the metrics of opportunity and feasibility to identify opportunities for reclamation as well as landownership patterns that may be bridges or barriers to conservation action. Habitat condition and viability varied among our 15 CCAs and highlighted opportunities for specific management actions including habitat conservation in some watersheds and needs for restoration in others. The feasibility metric showed that variation exists in the average lot-parcel size along occupied stream reaches, which may affect the success of some conservation actions. We recommend that managers utilize the data summarized in this study, along with stakeholder input, in a structured-decision making approach to develop specific outreach and management plans targeted to stakeholders in individual watersheds and provide an example of such a framework
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